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2019 GCoM Dataset_CDP

Row numberAccount NumberAccount NameRegionsCountryParent SectionSectionQuestion NumberQuestion NameColumn NumberColumn NameRow NumberRow NameResponse AnswerCommentsFile Name
12990131173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.1Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact.9Most relevant assets / services affected overall36Environment, biodiversity, forestry
12990231173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.1Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact.9Most relevant assets / services affected overall36Food & agriculture
12990331173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.1Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact.10Please identify which vulnerable populations are affected36
12990431173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.1Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact.11Magnitude of expected future impact36Medium
12990531173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.1Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact.12Please describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future36The regional body for the protection of forests lists 10 insect species that affect the region's natural environment: the most vulnerable assets are plants, therefore forests, agriculture and public green areas could be exposed. Regarding mosquitos, the higher temperatures made Milan a more hospitable habitat, especially for the tiger mosquito, which, from a sanitary point of view, is very worrying, since it carries many tropical diseases.
12990631173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt1Access to basic services
12990731173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge1Support
12990831173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city1The basic services in urban areas can be categorized in 1)Water distribution service, 2)Drainage and sanitation, 3)Energy distribution service and 4)transport.The water distribution system is very efficient, in fact the loss of water from the network amounts to the 11% of the total in Milan, while in Italy it reaches 39%: the network is very widespread as well, in fact not only the houses have access to potable water, but there are 565 drinking fountains around the city used as a way to prevent water stagnation in the blind spots, which could lead to a water borne disease. The municipality and MM SpA installed as well the so called "Case dell'acqua" (Water houses), which provide package free fresh water in 22 spots of the city.The sewage system is very efficient as well, in fact, since it was designed to host high amounts of water and to be very interconnected, is able to redistribute water minimizing the flood risk. Regarding the sewage depuration system, Milan has three purifiers: Milano San Rocco, Milano Nosedo and Peschiera Borromeo: Nosedo is the biggest one in the city (its treatment capacity exceeds one million of equivalent inhabitants, 50% of the overall amount of sewage) and its efficiency allows the purified to be used for irrigation in the agricultural fields. The energy distribution network had issues during a heat wave in 2015 summer, when the energy consumption increased to its maximum peak in history and the system collapsed. It's important to underline the fact that the excessive energy demand was not the only cause of the blackout, but it was made worse by a particular type of electrical joints (self-shrink joints 24V) and the morphology of the network. At the end of the same year, the Energy Networks and Environment Regulation Authority (ARERA) released a regulation for energy distribution services, which the energy utility of Milan (Unareti) transposed developing the Intervention Plan for the Increase of the Network Resilience, which aims to avoid any kind of climate related issue (floods, strong winds and frost).In terms of physical accessibility, the public transport offer is commensurate with the density of the population, leaving the suburbs with fewer services. From a socio-economic point of view, the ATM (Milan Transport Agency) gives the citizens with a lower income the possibility to access the service at a subsidized cost.
12990931173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt2Access to healthcare
12991031173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge2Support
12991131173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city2Italy in general provides its citizens with free healthcare. Regarding the quality of Milan healthcare, data (source: Sistema Statistico Integrato - Comune di Milano) suggests that between 2000 and 2018 the total amount of days spent in hospital decreased by more than 12%, while the population increased by 4% and the number of hospital admissions decreased by 5%: this suggests that the healthcare system could have become not only more efficient and effective, but that the citizens probably started living more healthy lives.
12991231173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt3Access to education
12991331173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge3Support
12991431173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city3Public education in Italy is provided for free; from a physical point of view, schools are the most widespread type of building used for public services. The data gathered to describe the education system shows that students are increasing: regarding the university offer, Milan is the first city in Italy for number of faculties. Milan provides as well the elderly population with courses, laboratories and seminars, enhancing a precious social resource which otherwise would be likely to be affected by solitude and inactivity. The relationship between education and climate change is not only social, facet that considers how an educated society is more resilient and aware, but physical as well, in fact both schools and universities of the third age host two vulnerable categories of the population: this specific idea is driving the transformation of the schools of Milan, which are one of the main focuses of the forestation program and are under analysis to understand how to use them in the periods of time without classes.
12991531173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt4Cost of living
12991631173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge4Challenge
12991731173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city4According to the Consumer Price Index (source: Sistema Statistico Integrato - Comune di Milano), the cost of living seems to have generally increased between 2016 and 2019, especially for basic goods like food and housing. This of course is a problem for the adaptive capacity of the city since citizens start having less resources: one of the main issues is the cost of housing, which in the last ten years increased drastically, making it harder for people to be able to afford a house in the city.
12991831173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt5Housing
12991931173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge5Challenge
12992031173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city5As explained in the cost of living section, this is one of the main problems in Milan, in fact the price of housing has been increasing drastically in the past years and this is causing a mass gentrification, pushing the population towards the suburbs or other satellite cities, increasing the daily displacements and therefore raising the transport demand, in fact, between 2003 and 2013 Milan's public transport subbly increased by 10.3% (source: PUMS). One of the main challenges for climate change adaptation policies, in relation with the housing issue, will be to plan green areas avoiding the gentrifying effect of the increased property value, which, according to many hedonic pricing studies, is associated with the availability of green areas. One of the main solutions that Milan is planning, is the estabilishment of bonuses for who provides a new building with social housing dedicated spaces.
12992131173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt6Poverty
12992231173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge6Challenge
12992331173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city6Even though data shows the decreasing of families living in difficult economic conditions, we have to consider two factors: gentrification and commuting. In fact Milan, due to its high cost of living, is staving off the less wealthy families but, due to its high jobs demand, it’s attracting workers. Therefore it wouldn’t be completely correct to affirm that poverty is decreasing, but that the actual real estate market is pushing it away: the new Master Plan is already tackling this issue throw social housing policies and incentives, but the effect has not been observed yet.Poverty is one of the main challenges to improve climate adaptivity, both in the cold and the hot seasons: in winter the main issue is to ensure that nobody is going to be harmed by the low temperatures, reason why every year the Municipality of Milan issues the Plan Against Cold, as a support for homeless people; in summer, even though the hazard is less harmful, more people are exposed to high temperatures, since air conditioning systems are less diffused and more expensive than heating systems, furthermore there are not any plans to support who does not have access to an house.
12992431173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt7Inequality
12992531173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge7Challenge
12992631173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city7Social inequality is usually described by the Gini coefficient, a number between 0 -perfect equality- and 1 -total inequality- which in Milan, in the past 10 years (2008-2017) oscillated around 0.53 (source: calculated on the household income data from Sistema Statistico Integrato - Comune di Milano): therefore, in Milan, income inequality it’s worse than the national average (around 0.31) and, in general, it’s higher than the rest of the European countries (around 0.30). Inequlity causes challenges for climate change adaptation that are similar to the ones caused by poverty, with the further problem that income differences, which cause wealth and poverty, are not directly geographically traceable for a matter of privacy, therefore it is harder to implement solutions that consider this issue.
12992731173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt8Unemployment
12992831173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge8Challenge
12992931173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city8Data suggests that unemployment rate in Milan has one of the lowest values in Italy (4.7% in 2017 for the residents who are 15 and 64 years old), therefore, even though it still has to be tackled, is not considered a major issue.
12993031173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt9Public health
12993131173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge9Challenge
12993231173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city9Data shows that life expectancy increased in the last 20 years and post-partum mortality rates decreased by almost 50%. In these years the main health related issue in Milan is a low air quality, which does not only physically affect people, but it generates a constant psychological stress on the citizens: the relationship between low air quality and adaptivity is direct, in fact people with respiratory and cardiovascular issues, as well as overweight people, are more sensitive to the effect of extreme temperatures.
12993331173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt10Political stability
12993431173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge10Challenge
12993531173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city10According to the national political stability index (0.24 - source: www.TheGlobalEconomy.com), the situation is barely stable (-2.50: unstable – 2.50: stable), suggesting the fact that the whole nation is vulnerable to governmental shocks, which of course could be an issue when dealing with the long term policies needed to tackle climate change. Focusing on Milan, the last three governments suppoted sustainable development policies and climate action, despite their political orientation: this could suggest that environmental and climate action is rooted in the local political class, but there isn't any assurance, except for the international agreements, that in the future governments there will be the consistence needed to properly tackle climate change.
12993631173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt11Political engagement / transparency
12993731173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge11Support
12993831173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city11Participation and transparency are two of the main principles that guide Milan’s governance: in fact, city plans are subject to public consultation and data has to be publicly available. But public engagement is not only assured by transparency policies and public consultations, but by other measures as well: the RCM Foundation developed an online platform, PartecipaMi, which allows the citizens to report certain issues in services, discuss or establish a dialogue with the public administration. Another example is the presence of the municipality on social networks, reporting news and problems in Milan and giving to the citizens the chance to express their concerns and opinions.
12993931173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt12Government capacity
12994031173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge12Support
12994131173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city12The local government is supported by several financial and technical instruments in the process of delivering policies: for example Milan is supported by European and regional funds and it can access knowledge though several local and external initiatives. In this moment Milan Municipality, according to its website, has 11 ongoing european projects: 1)APProach, to allow non Italian citizens to vote for the european parliament online, 2)CLEVER Cities, for the implementation of Nature Based Solutions, 3) Dynamap, for the dynamic mapping of acoustic pollution, 4) FAB, for the social integration and employment of immigrants and refugees, 5)URBACT Food 4 Cities, for the sustainable consumption of healthy food, 6)PrepAIR, for air quality improvement, 7)Sharing Cities, for smart cities and communities solutions, 8)Synchronicity, for the implementation of IoT systems as a support for smart city solutions, 9)Trifocal, for the transformation of the city food habits, 10)UIA Openagri, for capacity building in relation to periurban agriculture, and 11)VegGap, which analyses the impact of plant species on air quality. Milan participates as well in 8 networks, which help the city with capacity building, informations exchange and, generally, cooperation.
12994231173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt13Budgetary capacity
12994331173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge13Support
12994431173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city13In terms of revenues and expenses for sustainable development, Milan is the richest city in Italy (GDP: €49000 per capita) and in 2017 and 2018, it spent between 12% and 13% of its total expenses (around 350 Millions of euros) for sustainable development and environmental and territorial protection.
12994531173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt14Migration
12994631173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge14Challenge
12994731173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city14Migration can be considered from two points of view: immigration and emigration. Immigration, which in Milan more than doubled since 1999, in Italy as in many nations in the rest of Europe has been a major issue, mainly because of the needs of regularizing the new citizens and of providing more services for many more people with a low income. The other issue that Italy is facing is the emigration of young people with a university degree: data shows that, even though the overall amount of residents in Milan increased by almost 60000 of people in the last 20 years, the amount of local residents decreased by almost 111000 of people. This means that Milan as Italy is losing potentially medium-high income citizens and gaining low-income ones, which in the long term will cause the city and the whole nation to lose wealth.
12994831173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.1Factors that affect ability to adapt15Safety and security
12994931173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.2Support / Challenge15Challenge
12995031173Comune di MilanoEuropeItalyClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2.2Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.3Please describe the factor and the degree to which it supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city15Data suggests that in the last years crime rates generally peaked between 2010 and 2014 and decreased again, the only crime typology that constantly increased since 2004 is cyber-crime (eg phishing). In the national classification, Milan has the highest crime rates (source: Il Sole 24 Ore): it’s important to underline the fact that this data has been calculated on the base of registered complaints to the police, which means that of course there is criminality, but that people are not afraid to file a complaint as well. All these facts suggest that Milan suffers from the stress of micro criminality, but what really could affect the city are cyber-attacks, that in the last years have been used as a weapon to take cities as hostages, disabling their systems and blocking the decisional processes that are essential to guarantee the functioning of a city, especially if the city has to face climate change related shocks. Another indicator that could be taken into account is the amount of transport related accidents, in particular the amount of injured people going by bicycle, which peaked in 2012 and decreased again in the following years: this suggests that the zero risk policies are improving the safety in Milan’s streets, which is fundamental to encourage bicycle use.

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Profile Picture Anaísa Pinto

created Jan 28 2020

updated Jun 30 2020

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Full dataset of GCoM cities having reported through CDP in 2019. Dataset extracted 24 February 2020.

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