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2013 - Citywide Risks And Timescales

Row numberCity NameAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting YearEffects of Climate ChangeRisk LevelRisk TimescaleImpact DescriptionCity LocationCountry Location
451Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas31159VenezuelaCaracasC402013More intense droughtsDecreased availability of potable water by reducing the volume of water in reservoirs supplying the city, water rationing.(10.4696404°, -66.8037185°)(6.42375°, -66.58973°)
452Abuja Federal Capital Territory36043NigeriaAbuja2013Change in seasonality of rainfallSeriousCurrentIncrease flooding(9.066667°, 7.483333°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
453Addis Ababa City Administration31146EthiopiaAddis AbabaC402013Increased urban heat island effectSeriousMedium-termhuman health, discomfort in workforce and during night sleeping.(8.9806034°, 38.7577605°)(9.145°, 40.489673°)
454Addis Ababa City Administration31146EthiopiaAddis AbabaC402013Reduced average annual rainfallExtremely seriousLong-termWater supply shortage from dams, energy supply shortage from hydropower, agricultural products shortage & price increase, affects the biodiversity of the green area and others.(8.9806034°, 38.7577605°)(9.145°, 40.489673°)
455Addis Ababa City Administration31146EthiopiaAddis AbabaC402013More intense rainfallExtremely seriousShort-termFlooding that affects Buildings, waste transport, energy, communications/ telecommunications, human health, tourism and agriculture(8.9806034°, 38.7577605°)(9.145°, 40.489673°)
456Addis Ababa City Administration31146EthiopiaAddis AbabaC402013More intense droughtsExtremely seriousMedium-termshortage in supplies of water, energy, agricultural products, affects biodiversity, human health, truism and environment(8.9806034°, 38.7577605°)(9.145°, 40.489673°)
457Addis Ababa City Administration31146EthiopiaAddis AbabaC402013Change in seasonality of rainfallExtremely seriousLong-termImpact on Water & energy supply, in agriculture activities, effect on biodiversity, human health tourism and environment(8.9806034°, 38.7577605°)(9.145°, 40.489673°)
458City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013Hotter summersSeriousCurrentIntense heat for longer periods with higher temperatures.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
459City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013Sea level riseExtremely seriousCurrentCoastal flooding as a result of sea level rise leading to loss of lives, properties and displacement of people.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
460City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013More intense rainfallExtremely seriousCurrentMore intense rainfall with highly irregular spatial distribution leading to severe flash floods.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
461City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013Change in seasonality of rainfallSeriousCurrentAlteration of spatial distribution of rainfall leading to sudden flooding incidents in the city.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
462City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013Increased frequency of large stormsExtremely seriousCurrentThe frequency of rain and wind induced storms are experienced in the city.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
463City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013More frequent rainfallExtremely seriousCurrentMore rainfall is continuosly witnessed in the city.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
464City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013Increased wind speedsSeriousCurrentWinds speeds lead to destruction of properties and lives.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
465City of Lagos31167NigeriaLagosC402013More frequent heatwavesSeriousCurrentBouts of intense heat felt in the afternoons and late evening.(6.5243793°, 3.3792057°)(9.081999°, 8.675277°)
466Ville de Douala36042Cameroon Douala2013More hot daysSeriousCurrentLa sécheresse des plantes La rareté d’eau Accoisement de l’usage des équipements de production de froids qui se traduit par une forte consommation d’électriité(4.05°, 9.7°)(7.369722°, 12.354722°)
467Santiago de Cali36037ColombiaCali2013More hot daysSeriousCurrent(3.420556°, -76.522222°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
468Santiago de Cali36037ColombiaCali2013Hotter summersSeriousCurrent(3.420556°, -76.522222°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
469Santiago de Cali36037ColombiaCali2013More intense rainfallSeriousCurrentIn 2010 and 2011 rainfall intensities were recorded return periods exceeding one hundred years for the city.(3.420556°, -76.522222°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
470Santiago de Cali36037ColombiaCali2013Increased average annual rainfallSeriousCurrentIn 2010 and 2011 rainfall intensities were recorded return periods exceeding one hundred years for the city.(3.420556°, -76.522222°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
471Santiago de Cali36037ColombiaCali2013More intense droughtsSeriousCurrentIn contrast to the rainfall records, have been experiencing droughts that have led to significant reduction in potable water, having consequently water rationing in some parts of the city.(3.420556°, -76.522222°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
472Singapore Government35993SingaporeSingaporeC402013Other: Changes in average temperaturesOther: +2.7 to + 4.2 (degree celsius)Other: By 2100Changes to biodiversity and greenery; implications for public health (e.g. heat stress, dengue); greater demand on energy infrastructure (for cooling)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)
473Singapore Government35993SingaporeSingaporeC402013Sea level riseOther: +0.24 to + 0.65 metersOther: By 2100Erosion and flooding of coastal areas(1.352083°, 103.819836°)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)
474Kampala City44077UgandaKampala2013Change in seasonality of rainfallSeriousCurrent(0.313611°, 32.581111°)(1.373333°, 32.290275°)
475Santiago de Guayaquil36045EcuadorGuayaquil2013Hotter summersLess seriousCurrentIncreased number of wildfires. Need for more electricity for cooling systems and subsequent to heat, decreased efficiency of energy generating plants.(-2.1709979°, -79.9223592°)(-1.831239°, -78.183406°)
476Santiago de Guayaquil36045EcuadorGuayaquil2013More intense rainfallSeriousCurrentIncreased likelihood of landslide and landslip and resulting damage. Economic losses in agriculture.(-2.1709979°, -79.9223592°)(-1.831239°, -78.183406°)
477Santiago de Guayaquil36045EcuadorGuayaquil2013Change in seasonality of rainfallLess seriousCurrentReduced levels of profitability of agricultural activities that depend on the rainy season.(-2.1709979°, -79.9223592°)(-1.831239°, -78.183406°)
478Santiago de Guayaquil36045EcuadorGuayaquil2013Reduced average annual rainfallLess seriousCurrentDecreased water availability for hydroelectric power generation and for cooling water for thermal energy plants.(-2.1709979°, -79.9223592°)(-1.831239°, -78.183406°)
479Municipality of Recife35872BrazilRecife2013Sea level riseSeriousOther: we do not have dataFloods; landslips; degradation of infrastructure Supplies compromisement; Threats to productive chains; Increase of population density; Increase of equipment and infrastructure needs Appearance of epidemiological diseases; Compromise of water quality; Compromise of infrastructure (water supply, sewage, energy and telephone)(-8.0475458°, -34.8769621°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
480Metropolitan Municipality of Lima31170PeruLimaC402013More hot daysLess seriousCurrent• La población más vulnerable de Lima (niños, jóvenes y ancianos) de los niveles socioeconómicos menos pudientes, sería la más afectada. Entre los daños que podrían presentarse está el aumento de casos de deshidratación y las enfermedades de la piel, en especial en aquellos distritos donde actualmente ya existen las “islas de calor”. • Los ecosistemas de lomas y similares son muy sensibles a los cambios de temperatura y a la disminución de la nubosidad, ya que al afectarse la flora y fauna disminuye la captación de agua de neblina. • La población, sobre todo los sectores más pobres estaría muy expuesta a la aparición e incremento de enfermedades tropicales durante el verano. En el invierno, por otro lado, aumentarían las enfermedades respiratorias y enfermedades fungosas y virales.(-12.046374°, -77.0427934°)(-9.189967°, -75.015152°)
481Metropolitan Municipality of Lima31170PeruLimaC402013Reduced average annual rainfallSeriousCurrent• La actividad energética podría verse afectada por la reducción de precipitaciones, que afectaría la capacidad de generación energética incrementando los conflictos existentes entre EDEGEL (empresa de energía eléctrica) y SEDAPAL (empresa de agua) por la disponibilidad del agua. • Capacidad limitada de uso de las aguas subterráneas para consumo humano, riego, comercio e industria debido a una menor disponibilidad a causa de la disminución de la precipitación que reducirían el área de recarga de acuíferos. Esto, a su vez, ocasionaría la disminución de las reservas de agua subterránea con la consiguiente pérdida significativa de acuíferos, reducción de áreas y nivel freático de los humedales. • Incremento de embalses, obstrucciones y necesidad de mayor mantenimiento en playas, bordes y desembocaduras de ríos debido a la disminución del caudal de agua de los ríos, sumada al vertimiento de aguas residuales y residuos sólidos con alta carga orgánica y reducido tratamiento, provenientes de la mayoría de los centros urbanos e industriales. • La ocupación urbana en zonas de riesgo, producto de la reducción del cauce y retroceso de humedales, incrementa la cantidad de población expuesta a riesgos de inundación y desbordes de los ríos.(-12.046374°, -77.0427934°)(-9.189967°, -75.015152°)
482Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013Change in seasonality of rainfallSeriousMedium-termThe projections are not conclusive. The rains should be more intense and poorly distributed. In dry periods, it should increase the risk of wildfires. High intensities of rainfall after long dry periods (resulting in low permeability of the soil), should lead to increased run-off and inefficiency of groundwater recharge, contributing to the failure of water supply and sanitation systems.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
483City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Increased average annual rainfallLess seriousCurrentImpacts on water availability(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
484Metropolitan Municipality of Lima31170PeruLimaC402013Other: Eventos extremos precipitaciónExtremely seriousShort-term• Vulnerabilidad de las laderas frente a la erosión, inundaciones y aludes en la zona alta y media de las cuencas. • Posibilidad de colapso de numerosas edificaciones precarias en muy mal estado debido a su antigüedad, tipo de materiales y sistemas constructivos empleados, ausencia de mantenimiento, deterioro de paredes y deficientes acabados. • Deterioro de cimientos de edificaciones, veredas, pistas y equipamiento debido al incremento de precipitaciones, la presencia de humedad, el afloramiento de agua y los desbordes del río en las zonas que se encuentran en cotas bajas, afectando el nivel de rebose. • El aún débil sistema de alcantarillado en las zonas inundables podría originar el desborde de aguas residuales. • La infraestructura de riego, reservorios y canales está expuesta a huaycos y desbordes del río, lo que podría ocasionar daños. • Las viviendas y servicios que cuentan con sótanos o se encuentran en cotas bajas están expuestos a inundaciones • Alta exposición de la infraestructura vial y de los puentes peatonales y vehiculares, si colapsaran por causa de desbordes en las zonas ubicadas sobre el río Rímac, podría darse la pérdida del continuo urbano, dividiendo la ciudad en dos zonas, afectando las actividades y servicios vitales de la ciudad. • Las zonas urbanas y la infraestructura de servicios básicos (plantas de tratamiento de agua potable y saneamiento, tuberías), así como las postas, centros de salud, colegios, pistas y veredas ubicadas en zonas de riesgo son más vulnerables. . En las partes bajas de las cuencas, las inundaciones en áreas costeras, inundables (cota baja) y afloramientos de agua en zonas de humedales actualmente urbanizadas, podrían generar movimientos poblacionales. • El incremento de las precipitaciones podría afectar las aguas superficiales, subterráneas y el suelo de la cuenca baja por la degradación de suelos agrícolas, la erosión, los sedimentos saturados, la salinización y la contaminación debido a la presencia de depósitos de relaves y el uso de agroquímicos en las partes alta y media de la cuenca respectivamente. • El daño en la infraestructura de transporte de la ciudad podría generar pérdida de horas/hombre y problemas en el suministro de productos, alimentos e insumos.(-12.046374°, -77.0427934°)(-9.189967°, -75.015152°)
485Municipalidad de Magdalena del Mar43975PeruMagdalena del Mar2013More hot daysSeriousCurrentThere are hotter days compared to past years. The ultraviolet radiation level has increased affecting the human health.(-12.0904353°, -77.069999°)(-9.189967°, -75.015152°)
486Municipalidad de Magdalena del Mar43975PeruMagdalena del Mar2013Hotter summersSeriousCurrentThe average temperature this year during the summer has increased compared to the last twelve years damaging the human health for the high level of ultraviolet radiation.(-12.0904353°, -77.069999°)(-9.189967°, -75.015152°)
487Municipalidad de Magdalena del Mar43975PeruMagdalena del Mar2013Warmer water temperaturesLess seriousLong-termThe temperature of the Pacific Ocean facing the Peruvian coast had the lowest increase of 0.1 degrees °C in 25 years, according to recent studies on the warming of the ocean’s superficial water of the last 50 years, value that should not have an impact on the marine resources in the short term.(-12.0904353°, -77.069999°)(-9.189967°, -75.015152°)
488Municipalidad de Magdalena del Mar43975PeruMagdalena del Mar2013Increased wind speedsLess seriousShort-termStrong winds that mainly advance from south to north and perpendicularly towards the area close to the district, especially between 12:00 m. and 18:00 p.m., have been registered. This phenomenon generates a cold sensation and propels the dispersion of the fog in the afternoons, making the sunlight appear.(-12.0904353°, -77.069999°)(-9.189967°, -75.015152°)
489Antananarivo36223MadagascarAntananarivo2013Change in seasonality of rainfallSeriousCurrentthe division of the seasons is not the same as before(-18.933333°, 47.516667°)(-18.766947°, 46.869107°)
490Antananarivo36223MadagascarAntananarivo2013More hot daysSeriousCurrenttemperature too high than usual(-18.933333°, 47.516667°)(-18.766947°, 46.869107°)
491Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013More intense rainfallExtremely seriousCurrentSystematic occurrence of storms, linked to local topography and occupation, dates back to the early history of the City and represents the most serious risk factor for the population, due to the landslides and flooding episodes. The tragic history of life and properties losses and the severe social and public health consequences contributed to the creation of the Operation Center COR – Centro de Operações Rio by the Municipality, in order to monitor and optimize the city functions. The Center seeks to anticipate solutions and minimize the occurrences, alerting the responsible sectors of the risks and the urgent measures to be taken in cases of emergencies such as heavy rainfall; Short duration or high density rainfalls should also exacerbate the degradation of urban forests, generating debris flows and rock falls. The increased frequency of rainfall especially in summer should lead to more frequent landslides. The vulnerability of the slopes tend to increase due to the rains, especially where there is informal and uncontrolled expansion of buildings. In scenario projected for 2099, the Tijuca Massif tends to have forest cover reduced to 6% to 20% of its total covered area, considering the rhythm of occupation. With increasing intensity of rains and winds, lagoons and other water bodies must suffer the acceleration of siltation and decreased water quality due to increased sewage discharges, re-suspension of sediments and decreased oxygen concentration, There should be greater input of sediment from the slopes to the lagoons in Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguá. In water supply and sanitation systems, there must be an overload on treatment plants, depending on the over-elevation of turbidity, fecal contamination due to heavy rainfall and increased run-off. The structural safety of dams should increase the risk of flooding due to the instantaneous flow of water reservoirs(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
492Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013More frequent rainfallExtremely seriousCurrentLess intense but long term rains should worsen the degradation of urban forests, which should generate slumps along the road blocks, creeps into colluvial deposits along the axes of the valleys and slides in shallow soils. These landslides should involve risks of life, public health (stress the risks of epidemics of leptospirosis and dengue), and social risks, putting in collapse the city transit system.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
493Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013Increased average annual rainfallSeriousMedium-termThe increased contributions of undesirable rainwater from sanitary facilities and a greater infiltration of groundwater into the sewage system due to the higher water table should involve impairment of hydraulic and sanitary operation of all elements of the supply water and sanitation system.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
494Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013Increased risk of storm surgesExtremely seriousCurrentThere is a tendency of increased episodes of heavy rains in Brazilian Southern and Southeastern regions, with intensification of storms and hurricanes in the ocean close to the coast, and an increase in rainfall on the slopes facing the ocean. On the coast of Rio de Janeiro, there were strong tidal waves in the past decade. These events can lead to impairment of coastal infrastructure - protection works and urbanization. Storms and floods should generate social risks, overload in public health system, and post-traumatic stress in the population affected by loss of property and lives.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
495Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013Hotter summersExtremely seriousCurrentEpidemics of dengue were installed in Rio from the 1980s, with huge damages to the population and loss of lives. These epidemics are closely to the hot, humid summers, which facilitate the proliferation of its vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Extended the temperature and humidity of summer to autumn period, the period favorable for dengue should be also streched, worsening the risks to the public health system.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
496Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013More frequent heatwavesSeriousCurrentIt should increase the incidence of respiratory disorders resulting from heat waves, pushing the demand on health services.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
497Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013More hot daysSeriousShort-termIt is estimated an increase in annual water consumption by 20%, pushing the water demand on the supply and sanitation public system. For the 2nd half of the century, a general increase in temperature, hotter nights, heat waves and extreme rainfall events are expected.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
498Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013Increased urban heat island effectLess seriousShort-termThe city heat islands (Bangu, Realengo and nearby, Penha, Copacabana and Center) tend to widen.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
499Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013Warmer water temperaturesLess seriousCurrentIt was registered over the last century in Brazil the increase of 0.75°C in water average temperature. The continued phenomenon associated with the increased availability of CO2 for photosynthesis, could lead to more recurrent episodes of uncontrolled proliferation of algae in the lagoon systems.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
500Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402013Sea level riseExtremely seriousMedium-termThe Brazilian coast already presents a 4mmm/year increase in sea level. On the shore of Rio, the acceleration of the phenomenon should lead to: loss of sand on urban beaches, and changes by transposition and erosion on non-urbanized beaches. The elevation of the groundwater level should cause flooding in low lying areas with blockade of the flow of streams and rivers. It would possible occur the disruption of Restinga de Marambaia. There are tendencies of risk in the port secto, in sanitation systems, in oil pipelines and emissaries. The salt intrusion in estuaries tend to have medium to high risk, and aquifers, low risk. Concerning to the areas liable to flooding risks by rising sea level, we highlight the following results of modeling the phenomenon to the end of the century: areas affected by flooding: 68.31 to 145.19 m2; Average population to be affected (dimensions up to 1.50 m - up to 5.00 m): 80,320 to 969,526 inhabitants; public spaces rate to be affected (up to 0.40 m - up to 1.50 m): 5.21% - 10.46%. The lagoon systems should be affected as follows: Baixada de Jacarepaguá lagoons should suffer an increase in water surface area, creating new areas flooded by sea water inlet and increased groundwater; Barra da Tijuca lagoons should undergo expansion in Recreio and Vargem Grande area. The salinisation of low lying areas should lead to an ecological decharacterization. In urban drainage infrastructure, is expected to increase the restriction to flow, with loss of efficiency of the drainage system. Spots of flooding are expected to reach places not previously flooded with increasing water depths and times of permanence. In water supply and sanitation systems, the saline intrusion could affect the quality of locally extracted groundwater and depressurized distribution system. Sewage treatment plant of Pavuna, wich is in periodically flooded area, can be affected physically. The submarine emissaries of Ipanema and Barra da Tijuca can be affected with the change in the hydraulic flow. The salinity deposits of ground water should lead to the loss of quality for consumption and the reduction of agriculture in coastal areas, causing health problems and food insecurity. The damage to sanitation infrastructure should increase the environmental contamination risk.(-22.9082998°, -43.1970773°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)

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Profile Picture Andrew Hammond

created Sep 29 2014

updated Oct 4 2018

Description

Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness

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