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2013 - Citywide Risks And Timescales

Row numberCity NameAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting YearEffects of Climate ChangeRisk LevelRisk TimescaleImpact DescriptionCity LocationCountry Location
501City of Johannesburg31115South AfricaJohannesburgC402013Increased average annual rainfallSeriousMedium-term(-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
502City of Pietermaritzburg37261South AfricaPietermaritzburg2013More hot daysExtremely seriousCurrentThis poses a threat to human health as we have experienced extremely hot days and less rainy days if compared with previous years.(-29.6006068°, 30.3794118°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
503City of Pietermaritzburg37261South AfricaPietermaritzburg2013Reduced average annual rainfallExtremely seriousCurrentThe reduced average annual rainfall has a negative impact on agricultural production within the city as its affect economy and food security because of drought.(-29.6006068°, 30.3794118°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
504City of Pietermaritzburg37261South AfricaPietermaritzburg2013Increased frequency of large storms(-29.6006068°, 30.3794118°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
505City of Durban35863South AfricaDurban2013Other: Increased average annual rainfall variabilityExtremely seriousMedium-termImplications for building damage, flooding of housing, so need to improve quality of building and location of housing (e.g. increase the height of the 100 year flood line, review modelling that informs spatial planning, potential increase in available water for storage in dams, but increased erosion likely to increase sedimentation of dams, possible impacts from overload of wastewater treatments may impact upon water quality. Low lying bridges at risk, general increase of risk to transport industry during intense storm events, power supply stations at risk, but possible benefits if increased storm energy can be harnessed, communications at risk e.g. from lighting strikes, obvious impacts on human health from flooding e.g. outbreaks of cholera and other water-borne diseases, especially when wastewater treatment works fail. Large impacts upon insurance industry, increased need for risk planning and reaction.(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
506City of Durban35863South AfricaDurban2013Sea level riseSeriousLong-termUncertainty of degree of sea level rise along the Durban coastline. Need for coastal retreat and other measures to protect coastline from storm surge e.g. dune development. Much of the city’s water supply and treatment works are situated beyond the likely reach, so not much effect upon water, but a major sewerage pumping station is likely to be affected, so plans are being made for retreat. Low lying coastal roads and bridges under threat example of recent damage: during 2007 major coastal infrastructure damage caused an estimated $ 34 million worth of damage. There are two desalination plants planned for the production of water in Durban in the near future, these could be affected. SLR is not expected to have much impact on human health, more like to impact upon infrastructure.(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
507City of Durban35863South AfricaDurban2013More hot daysSeriousMedium-termBuilding design will need to accommodate this change – more energy efficient, use of natural cooling systems, need to include more insulation, possible roll-out of green roof and wall systems (and other similar cooling technologies) in the city to minimise urban heat island. The increase in temperature is likely to increase evaporation of the city’s water supply, which could lead to water shortages, higher temperatures likely to increase rate of food spoiling with possible food poisoning increase, also impacts upon waste; deterioration in roads (macadam) from higher heat, more energy required for cooling likely to place a strain on city’s energy supplies. Impacts upon the health of aged and frail, health strain from the import of novel tropical diseases in Durban e.g. malaria.(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
508City of Durban35863South AfricaDurban2013Other: Decrease in the predictability of seasonal weatherSeriousMedium-termMain impact upon subsistence farmers and their practices, leading to potential reduction in food sovereignty(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
509City of Durban35863South AfricaDurban2013Increased frequency of large stormsSeriousCurrentDurban is already experiencing an increased frequency of large storms. These impact upon the poorest communities the hardest, especially those living in inappropriately situated informal settlements. Impacts of large storms include flooding and loss of private and public property and infrastructure, an increased risk of lightning strikes and damage from strong winds.(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
510Municipality of Porto Alegre35880BrazilPorto Alegre2013More hot daysSeriousMedium-termThis phenomenon will lead to an increase in demand for electricity and the consumption of water for cooling of homes population, thus, increasing GHG emission(-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
511Municipality of Porto Alegre35880BrazilPorto Alegre2013Hotter summersSeriousMedium-termThis phenomenon will lead to an increase in demand for electricity and the consumption of water for cooling of homes population, thus, increasing GHG emission. It it will also increase the rate of precipitation, which creates flooding in the city.(-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
512Municipality of Porto Alegre35880BrazilPorto Alegre2013More intense heatwavesSeriousMedium-termThis phenomenon will lead to an increase in demand for electricity and the consumption of water for cooling of homes population, thus, increasing GHG emission. This effect will probably result in growth of health disorders, pushing to the limit the health services.(-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
513Municipality of Porto Alegre35880BrazilPorto Alegre2013Increased urban heat island effectSeriousMedium-termHeat islands can be large and generate increased consumption of electricity because of a greater need for cooling. Due to the large accumulation of garbage and drainage and runoff problems, this phenomenon certainly brings diseases, floods and chaos to the people who need to be relocated because they lost their homes and belongings in the flood.(-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
514Municipality of Porto Alegre35880BrazilPorto Alegre2013Other: Less defined seasonsSeriousMedium-termThe seasons may lose their characteristics, which will bring environmental imbalance..(-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
515Municipality of Porto Alegre35880BrazilPorto Alegre2013More intense rainfallSeriousShort-termThis impact generates flooding the city, causing inconvenience in urban mobility and increased spread of diseases, such as leptospirosis(-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
516City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013Sea level riseExtremely seriousMedium-termImpact Buildings, Water, Transport, Energy, Human Health. Sea level rise on the NSW coast is expected to increase by 0.18 to 0.91m by 2100. This includes global sea level rise (0.18m to 0.59m), ice flow melt (0.2m), and effects of the East Australian Current (0.12m) (CSIRO and Bureau Meteorology 2007)(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
517City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013More hot daysSeriousCurrentImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
518City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013Hotter summersSeriousCurrentImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
519City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013More frequent heatwavesSeriousCurrentImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
520City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013More intense heatwavesSeriousCurrentImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
521City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013Increased urban heat island effectSeriousShort-termImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
522City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013More intense rainfallSeriousCurrentImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. Potential changes in frequency and distribution of large storm events is largely unknown, and it is these extreme events that cause the most damage and therefore present the greatest risks.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
523City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013Increased frequency of large stormsSeriousCurrentImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. Climate models for rainfall indicate the potential for both increases and decreases which provides a low level of certainty. El Nino remains the greatest uncertainty in projecting the future climate of eastern Australia.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
524City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402013Increased risk of storm surgesSeriousShort-termImpact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. A major impact would occur where sea level rise is exacerbated by storm surge and tidal influence. Projections for storm surge events in Sydney are largely unknown. On a regional level, there is no detailed information about the frequency and severity of storm surge, rainfall extremes, drought, hail, or links to local extremes such as air pollution and flood.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
525City of Cape Town35858South AfricaCape Town2013Increased risk of storm surgesSeriousMedium-termBeing a coastal area, Cape Town is susceptible to the risks of climate change. A rise in the mean sea level will result in the damage to and loss of high value property, saline intrusion of arable land, landward migration of estuaries and water bodies connected to the sea- resulting in the inundation of property.(-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
526City of Cape Town35858South AfricaCape Town2013Sea level riseExtremely seriousMedium-termIncreased intensity and frequency of storm surges places critical City infrastructure and the subsequent disruption of service delivery-resulting in the re-alignment of coastal roads.(-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
527City of Cape Town35858South AfricaCape Town2013More frequent heatwavesSeriousShort-termThe City itself is a biodiversity hotspot and with an increase in temperature, increased frequency of heatwaves will result in the increased risk of wildfires (disrupting the fire regime which will impact ecosystems), increased success of more tolerant alien invasive species and loss of native species, heat stress will cause a change in plant’s physiology, impacting the growth and efficiency of photosynthesis and biomass production.(-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
528City of Cape Town35858South AfricaCape Town2013Reduced average annual rainfallSeriousShort-termCape Town relies heavily on rainfall as a source of freshwater for drinking, sanitation and agriculture, reduction of which may lead to drought which will impact service delivery. Reduced rainfall may result in an increased number of days leading to fires. Shortening of the winter rainfall season, as well as prolonged drought episodes, will have an impact on wetlands, particularly the seasonal wetlands in the low lying Cape Flats. Groundwater will also not be recharged.(-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
529City of Cape Town35858South AfricaCape Town2013More intense rainfallSeriousMedium-termFewer but larger rainfall events will result in increased runoff, placing stormwater systems under pressure as well as reducing groundwater recharge. Increased probability of drought due to less consistent rainfall and increased temperature and evaporation. Increased risk of water pollution from agricultural runoff, riverine flooding and river bank erosion as a result of increased intensity of heavy rainfall events, causing loss of habitats. Impacts on ecossytems through re-settlement by people impacted by floods.(-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
530City of Cape Town35858South AfricaCape Town2013Increased urban heat island effectSeriousMedium-termIncreases in the mean temperature will give rise to many heat related diseases such as heatstroke.(-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
531City of Cape Town35858South AfricaCape Town2013Increased wind speedsSeriousShort-termIncreased coastal erosion due to the high intensity of wind, loss of beach vegetation resulting from degradation of habitats due to wind erosion.(-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
532City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013More hot daysLess seriousCurrentHeatwaves and the increase in number of plagues have a negative effect on human health, as well as an increase on energy consumption and demand.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
533City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Hotter summersLess seriousCurrentHotter and longer summers, cause a negative impact on human health as well as heatwaves and the increase in plagues affecting population. As a consequence, there is an increase on energy consumption and demand.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
534City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013More frequent heatwavesSeriousCurrentAn increase in the number of heatwaves has a negative impact on human health, especially affecting children and adults over 65 years old.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
535City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Increased urban heat island effectLess seriousCurrentDue to an increase in the City`s temperature there is an increase on energy consumption and demand.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
536City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Sea level riseSeriousShort-termThe sea level rise will directly cause the Rio de la Plata level rise, which will increase frequency of floods.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
537City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Increased wind speedsLess seriousShort-termIncreased wind speeds are expected, together with changes in the wind direction towards the East, increasing the frequency of storms known in Buenos Aires, as "Sudestadas"(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
538City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Increased frequency of large stormsSeriousShort-termAn increase in the number of large storm is expected to cause a negative impact on human health as well as social impacts, especially on low income population.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
539City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013More intense rainfallExtremely seriousCurrentMore intense rainfall has negative social impacts, as well as Impacts on human health in spontaneous settlement´s near the river. As a consequence of floods there are material losses, sometimes including housing losses, causing the need of settlements to relocate.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
540City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Other: More extreme precipitation eventsSeriousCurrentIncrease in extreme precipitation events, such as Rainfall over 100 mm in 24 hours and Rainfall over 60 mm in 1 hour have impacts on human health, social impacts ( evacuations) and material losses.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
541City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Other: Plague increaseLess seriousShort-termPlague increase will affect population, causing negative impact on human health.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
542City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Other: Decrease air qualitySeriousShort-termDeterioration of air quality is expected due to the use low-quality fuels in the production of energy from power stations in the city, in the aim of fulfilling demand.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
543City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402013Other: Increased extreme eventsSeriousShort-termAccording to future climatic scenarios, the city might suffer an increase (in terms of frequency and intensity) in extreme events in general, such as heavy storms, heat waves, sea level rice and wind effects. It is not yet confirmed, climate change impact in hail and snow storms events(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
544Intendencia de Montevideo42388UruguayMontevideo2013More frequent heatwavesSeriousMedium-termIts expected more frequency in summer days. * increase of need of energy for air conditioning in buildings. * health population problems, specialy in sensitive groups.(-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°)(-32.522779°, -55.765835°)
545Intendencia de Montevideo42388UruguayMontevideo2013Increased risk of storm surgesSeriousCurrent*Coastal infrastructure damage.(-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°)(-32.522779°, -55.765835°)
546Intendencia de Montevideo42388UruguayMontevideo2013Sea level riseLess seriousMedium-termThe cientist expect about 11 cm in next 50 years *Potential risk of potable water source *Coastal infrastructure damage.(-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°)(-32.522779°, -55.765835°)
547Intendencia de Montevideo42388UruguayMontevideo2013Increased average annual rainfallSeriousMedium-termMore frecuency in spring and summer, *Flooding and saline intrusion into waterways used for drinking.(-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°)(-32.522779°, -55.765835°)
548Intendencia de Montevideo42388UruguayMontevideo2013Increased frequency of large stormsExtremely seriousMedium-termMore frecuency and more intensity. *Increased likelihood of overload combined sewage (waste)(-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°)(-32.522779°, -55.765835°)
549City of Melbourne31109AustraliaMelbourneC402013More hot daysExtremely seriousCurrentAnnual average number of hot days (over 35 degrees) is expected to increase from 9 days to 11 by 2030 and 20 by 2070.(-37.814107°, 144.96328°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
550City of Melbourne31109AustraliaMelbourneC402013Other: Increased air temperatureExtremely seriousCurrentIncreased average temperatures from 18.7 degrees by 0.8 degrees by 2030 and 2.6 degrees by 2070.(-37.814107°, 144.96328°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)

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Profile Picture Andrew Hammond

created Sep 29 2014

updated Oct 4 2018

Description

Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness

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