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2013 - Citywide Risks And Timescales
| Row number | City Name | Account No | Country | City Short Name | C40 | Reporting Year | Effects of Climate Change | Risk Level | Risk Timescale | Impact Description | City Location | Country Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 501 | City of Johannesburg | 31115 | South Africa | Johannesburg | C40 | 2013 | Increased average annual rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | (-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 502 | City of Pietermaritzburg | 37261 | South Africa | Pietermaritzburg | 2013 | More hot days | Extremely serious | Current | This poses a threat to human health as we have experienced extremely hot days and less rainy days if compared with previous years. | (-29.6006068°, 30.3794118°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 503 | City of Pietermaritzburg | 37261 | South Africa | Pietermaritzburg | 2013 | Reduced average annual rainfall | Extremely serious | Current | The reduced average annual rainfall has a negative impact on agricultural production within the city as its affect economy and food security because of drought. | (-29.6006068°, 30.3794118°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 504 | City of Pietermaritzburg | 37261 | South Africa | Pietermaritzburg | 2013 | Increased frequency of large storms | (-29.6006068°, 30.3794118°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | ||||
| 505 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | 2013 | Other: Increased average annual rainfall variability | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Implications for building damage, flooding of housing, so need to improve quality of building and location of housing (e.g. increase the height of the 100 year flood line, review modelling that informs spatial planning, potential increase in available water for storage in dams, but increased erosion likely to increase sedimentation of dams, possible impacts from overload of wastewater treatments may impact upon water quality. Low lying bridges at risk, general increase of risk to transport industry during intense storm events, power supply stations at risk, but possible benefits if increased storm energy can be harnessed, communications at risk e.g. from lighting strikes, obvious impacts on human health from flooding e.g. outbreaks of cholera and other water-borne diseases, especially when wastewater treatment works fail. Large impacts upon insurance industry, increased need for risk planning and reaction. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 506 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | 2013 | Sea level rise | Serious | Long-term | Uncertainty of degree of sea level rise along the Durban coastline. Need for coastal retreat and other measures to protect coastline from storm surge e.g. dune development. Much of the city’s water supply and treatment works are situated beyond the likely reach, so not much effect upon water, but a major sewerage pumping station is likely to be affected, so plans are being made for retreat. Low lying coastal roads and bridges under threat example of recent damage: during 2007 major coastal infrastructure damage caused an estimated $ 34 million worth of damage. There are two desalination plants planned for the production of water in Durban in the near future, these could be affected. SLR is not expected to have much impact on human health, more like to impact upon infrastructure. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 507 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | 2013 | More hot days | Serious | Medium-term | Building design will need to accommodate this change – more energy efficient, use of natural cooling systems, need to include more insulation, possible roll-out of green roof and wall systems (and other similar cooling technologies) in the city to minimise urban heat island. The increase in temperature is likely to increase evaporation of the city’s water supply, which could lead to water shortages, higher temperatures likely to increase rate of food spoiling with possible food poisoning increase, also impacts upon waste; deterioration in roads (macadam) from higher heat, more energy required for cooling likely to place a strain on city’s energy supplies. Impacts upon the health of aged and frail, health strain from the import of novel tropical diseases in Durban e.g. malaria. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 508 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | 2013 | Other: Decrease in the predictability of seasonal weather | Serious | Medium-term | Main impact upon subsistence farmers and their practices, leading to potential reduction in food sovereignty | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 509 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | 2013 | Increased frequency of large storms | Serious | Current | Durban is already experiencing an increased frequency of large storms. These impact upon the poorest communities the hardest, especially those living in inappropriately situated informal settlements. Impacts of large storms include flooding and loss of private and public property and infrastructure, an increased risk of lightning strikes and damage from strong winds. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 510 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | 35880 | Brazil | Porto Alegre | 2013 | More hot days | Serious | Medium-term | This phenomenon will lead to an increase in demand for electricity and the consumption of water for cooling of homes population, thus, increasing GHG emission | (-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 511 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | 35880 | Brazil | Porto Alegre | 2013 | Hotter summers | Serious | Medium-term | This phenomenon will lead to an increase in demand for electricity and the consumption of water for cooling of homes population, thus, increasing GHG emission. It it will also increase the rate of precipitation, which creates flooding in the city. | (-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 512 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | 35880 | Brazil | Porto Alegre | 2013 | More intense heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | This phenomenon will lead to an increase in demand for electricity and the consumption of water for cooling of homes population, thus, increasing GHG emission. This effect will probably result in growth of health disorders, pushing to the limit the health services. | (-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 513 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | 35880 | Brazil | Porto Alegre | 2013 | Increased urban heat island effect | Serious | Medium-term | Heat islands can be large and generate increased consumption of electricity because of a greater need for cooling. Due to the large accumulation of garbage and drainage and runoff problems, this phenomenon certainly brings diseases, floods and chaos to the people who need to be relocated because they lost their homes and belongings in the flood. | (-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 514 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | 35880 | Brazil | Porto Alegre | 2013 | Other: Less defined seasons | Serious | Medium-term | The seasons may lose their characteristics, which will bring environmental imbalance.. | (-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 515 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | 35880 | Brazil | Porto Alegre | 2013 | More intense rainfall | Serious | Short-term | This impact generates flooding the city, causing inconvenience in urban mobility and increased spread of diseases, such as leptospirosis | (-30.0346471°, -51.2176584°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 516 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | Sea level rise | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Impact Buildings, Water, Transport, Energy, Human Health. Sea level rise on the NSW coast is expected to increase by 0.18 to 0.91m by 2100. This includes global sea level rise (0.18m to 0.59m), ice flow melt (0.2m), and effects of the East Australian Current (0.12m) (CSIRO and Bureau Meteorology 2007) | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 517 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | More hot days | Serious | Current | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 518 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | Hotter summers | Serious | Current | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 519 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | More frequent heatwaves | Serious | Current | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 520 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | More intense heatwaves | Serious | Current | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 521 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | Increased urban heat island effect | Serious | Short-term | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 522 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | More intense rainfall | Serious | Current | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. Potential changes in frequency and distribution of large storm events is largely unknown, and it is these extreme events that cause the most damage and therefore present the greatest risks. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 523 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | Increased frequency of large storms | Serious | Current | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. Climate models for rainfall indicate the potential for both increases and decreases which provides a low level of certainty. El Nino remains the greatest uncertainty in projecting the future climate of eastern Australia. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 524 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2013 | Increased risk of storm surges | Serious | Short-term | Impact Buildings, Water, Waste, Transport, Energy, Human Health. A major impact would occur where sea level rise is exacerbated by storm surge and tidal influence. Projections for storm surge events in Sydney are largely unknown. On a regional level, there is no detailed information about the frequency and severity of storm surge, rainfall extremes, drought, hail, or links to local extremes such as air pollution and flood. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 525 | City of Cape Town | 35858 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2013 | Increased risk of storm surges | Serious | Medium-term | Being a coastal area, Cape Town is susceptible to the risks of climate change. A rise in the mean sea level will result in the damage to and loss of high value property, saline intrusion of arable land, landward migration of estuaries and water bodies connected to the sea- resulting in the inundation of property. | (-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 526 | City of Cape Town | 35858 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2013 | Sea level rise | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Increased intensity and frequency of storm surges places critical City infrastructure and the subsequent disruption of service delivery-resulting in the re-alignment of coastal roads. | (-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 527 | City of Cape Town | 35858 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2013 | More frequent heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | The City itself is a biodiversity hotspot and with an increase in temperature, increased frequency of heatwaves will result in the increased risk of wildfires (disrupting the fire regime which will impact ecosystems), increased success of more tolerant alien invasive species and loss of native species, heat stress will cause a change in plant’s physiology, impacting the growth and efficiency of photosynthesis and biomass production. | (-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 528 | City of Cape Town | 35858 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2013 | Reduced average annual rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Cape Town relies heavily on rainfall as a source of freshwater for drinking, sanitation and agriculture, reduction of which may lead to drought which will impact service delivery. Reduced rainfall may result in an increased number of days leading to fires. Shortening of the winter rainfall season, as well as prolonged drought episodes, will have an impact on wetlands, particularly the seasonal wetlands in the low lying Cape Flats. Groundwater will also not be recharged. | (-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 529 | City of Cape Town | 35858 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2013 | More intense rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | Fewer but larger rainfall events will result in increased runoff, placing stormwater systems under pressure as well as reducing groundwater recharge. Increased probability of drought due to less consistent rainfall and increased temperature and evaporation. Increased risk of water pollution from agricultural runoff, riverine flooding and river bank erosion as a result of increased intensity of heavy rainfall events, causing loss of habitats. Impacts on ecossytems through re-settlement by people impacted by floods. | (-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 530 | City of Cape Town | 35858 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2013 | Increased urban heat island effect | Serious | Medium-term | Increases in the mean temperature will give rise to many heat related diseases such as heatstroke. | (-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 531 | City of Cape Town | 35858 | South Africa | Cape Town | 2013 | Increased wind speeds | Serious | Short-term | Increased coastal erosion due to the high intensity of wind, loss of beach vegetation resulting from degradation of habitats due to wind erosion. | (-33.9248685°, 18.4240553°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 532 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | More hot days | Less serious | Current | Heatwaves and the increase in number of plagues have a negative effect on human health, as well as an increase on energy consumption and demand. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 533 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Hotter summers | Less serious | Current | Hotter and longer summers, cause a negative impact on human health as well as heatwaves and the increase in plagues affecting population. As a consequence, there is an increase on energy consumption and demand. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 534 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | More frequent heatwaves | Serious | Current | An increase in the number of heatwaves has a negative impact on human health, especially affecting children and adults over 65 years old. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 535 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Increased urban heat island effect | Less serious | Current | Due to an increase in the City`s temperature there is an increase on energy consumption and demand. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 536 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Sea level rise | Serious | Short-term | The sea level rise will directly cause the Rio de la Plata level rise, which will increase frequency of floods. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 537 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Increased wind speeds | Less serious | Short-term | Increased wind speeds are expected, together with changes in the wind direction towards the East, increasing the frequency of storms known in Buenos Aires, as "Sudestadas" | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 538 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Increased frequency of large storms | Serious | Short-term | An increase in the number of large storm is expected to cause a negative impact on human health as well as social impacts, especially on low income population. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 539 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | More intense rainfall | Extremely serious | Current | More intense rainfall has negative social impacts, as well as Impacts on human health in spontaneous settlement´s near the river. As a consequence of floods there are material losses, sometimes including housing losses, causing the need of settlements to relocate. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 540 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Other: More extreme precipitation events | Serious | Current | Increase in extreme precipitation events, such as Rainfall over 100 mm in 24 hours and Rainfall over 60 mm in 1 hour have impacts on human health, social impacts ( evacuations) and material losses. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 541 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Other: Plague increase | Less serious | Short-term | Plague increase will affect population, causing negative impact on human health. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 542 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Other: Decrease air quality | Serious | Short-term | Deterioration of air quality is expected due to the use low-quality fuels in the production of energy from power stations in the city, in the aim of fulfilling demand. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 543 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2013 | Other: Increased extreme events | Serious | Short-term | According to future climatic scenarios, the city might suffer an increase (in terms of frequency and intensity) in extreme events in general, such as heavy storms, heat waves, sea level rice and wind effects. It is not yet confirmed, climate change impact in hail and snow storms events | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 544 | Intendencia de Montevideo | 42388 | Uruguay | Montevideo | 2013 | More frequent heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | Its expected more frequency in summer days. * increase of need of energy for air conditioning in buildings. * health population problems, specialy in sensitive groups. | (-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°) | (-32.522779°, -55.765835°) | |
| 545 | Intendencia de Montevideo | 42388 | Uruguay | Montevideo | 2013 | Increased risk of storm surges | Serious | Current | *Coastal infrastructure damage. | (-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°) | (-32.522779°, -55.765835°) | |
| 546 | Intendencia de Montevideo | 42388 | Uruguay | Montevideo | 2013 | Sea level rise | Less serious | Medium-term | The cientist expect about 11 cm in next 50 years *Potential risk of potable water source *Coastal infrastructure damage. | (-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°) | (-32.522779°, -55.765835°) | |
| 547 | Intendencia de Montevideo | 42388 | Uruguay | Montevideo | 2013 | Increased average annual rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | More frecuency in spring and summer, *Flooding and saline intrusion into waterways used for drinking. | (-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°) | (-32.522779°, -55.765835°) | |
| 548 | Intendencia de Montevideo | 42388 | Uruguay | Montevideo | 2013 | Increased frequency of large storms | Extremely serious | Medium-term | More frecuency and more intensity. *Increased likelihood of overload combined sewage (waste) | (-34.9011127°, -56.1645314°) | (-32.522779°, -55.765835°) | |
| 549 | City of Melbourne | 31109 | Australia | Melbourne | C40 | 2013 | More hot days | Extremely serious | Current | Annual average number of hot days (over 35 degrees) is expected to increase from 9 days to 11 by 2030 and 20 by 2070. | (-37.814107°, 144.96328°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 550 | City of Melbourne | 31109 | Australia | Melbourne | C40 | 2013 | Other: Increased air temperature | Extremely serious | Current | Increased average temperatures from 18.7 degrees by 0.8 degrees by 2030 and 2.6 degrees by 2070. | (-37.814107°, 144.96328°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
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Description
Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness
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