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2014 - Citywide Risks and Timescales
| Row number | City Name | Account No | Country | City Short Name | C40 | Reporting Year | Effects of Climate Change | Risk Level | Risk Timescale | Impact Description | City Location | Country Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 551 | City of San Diego | 35884 | USA | San Diego | 2014 | More frequent droughts | Extremely serious | Current | (32.715738°, -117.1610838°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 552 | Jeju City | 44202 | South Korea | Jeju | 2014 | Increased average annual rainfall | Less serious | Current | Precipitation in autumn will likely increase, while that in summer will go down. | (33.4996213°, 126.5311884°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 553 | City of Porto | 46514 | Portugal | Porto | 2014 | Other: NOx exceedances (greenhouse effect gas) | Serious | Current | Please see question 2.1 | (41.1579438°, -8.6291053°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 554 | City of Paris | 31175 | France | Paris | C40 | 2014 | More frequent heat waves | Extremely serious | Current | It is projected that heatwaves will become more frequent and more intense during the 21st century: from about 1day per year at the end of the 20th century to 10 to 30 days per year by the end of the 21st century. The 2003 heatwave has seriously touched Paris, particularly in terms of surmortality (+1,070 casualties directly due to the heat spell). Other impacts of heatwaves can concern energy distribution, telecommunications, biodiversity, transport system and business continuity. | (48.856614°, 2.3522219°) | (46.227638°, 2.213749°) |
| 555 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | 2014 | Increased frequency of large storms | Serious | Current | Durban is already experiencing an increased frequency of large storms. These impact upon the poorest communities the hardest, especially those living in inappropriately situated informal settlements. Impacts of large storms include flooding and loss of private and public property and infrastructure, an increased risk of lightning strikes and damage from strong winds. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | |
| 556 | Comune di Venezia | 36254 | Italy | Venice | C40 | 2014 | More intense rainfall | Extremely serious | Current | More intense rainfall are being experienced in the whole Venice Region, and it has become systematic to have hydraulic problems during the main rain season (normally november). During the year 2007 the mainland of Venice has undergone a big flooding precipitations so intense as to locally exceed 100mm per hour and 200mm in 3 hours. The intensity of precipitations has led to widespread flooding with reported damages for as much as almost 50 M€ and over 6.000 assistance request from single citizens. | (45.4332515°, 12.3210704°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) |
| 557 | City of Porto | 46514 | Portugal | Porto | 2014 | Other: Occurrence of inundation and coastal overtopping | Serious | Current | The “National Risk Evaluation Report (Jan 2014)” identifies the western area of Porto and the mouth of the Douro River as sensitive points for coastal overtopping affecting beaches in the coastal protection land strip. However, despite a medium/high level of probability, this report has considered it to be of reduced severity as it only implies traffic restrictions and, in the limit, evacuation of people for a short period, with little impact on the community. | (41.1579438°, -8.6291053°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 558 | City of Stockholm | 3429 | Sweden | Stockholm | C40 | 2014 | Reduced average annual snowfall | Less serious | Short-term | Positive when the need for snow removal decreases. The ground becomes less slippery in winter which means that fewer people may be injured. | (59.3293235°, 18.0685808°) | (60.128161°, 18.643501°) |
| 559 | Suwon city | 44185 | South Korea | Suwon | 2014 | Other: | Less serious | Medium-term | Risk of accidents in pothole due to heavy snow | (37.2635727°, 127.0286009°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 560 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2014 | Increased urban heat island effect | Less serious | Current | Due to an increase in the City`s temperature there is an increase on energy consumption and demand during summer. Besides, due to this phenomenon it rains more and there are more rainy days within the central area of the City compared with its borders and surroundings, according to the difference observed between two meteorological stations belonging to the national observational network. Although both stations are close together, they happen to show some differences due to their geographical location in the city: one of them is located in a coastal area, while the other one is emplaced in a central area of the city. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 561 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2014 | Increased urban heat island effect | Extremely serious | Medium-term | See More frequent heat waves, above. | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 562 | New York City | 3417 | USA | New York | C40 | 2014 | Increased frequency of large storms | Extremely serious | Medium-term | The annual chance of a storm overtopping the seawall has gone from about 1 percent to 20 to 25 percent according to a study that found that increased risk comes from a combination of sea level rise and storm tide | (40.7127837°, -74.0059413°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 563 | Yoenggwang county | 48580 | South Korea | Yoenggwang | 2014 | More hot days | Less serious | Medium-term | Increase electricity use | (35.2771719°, 126.5119874°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 564 | City of Toronto | 31117 | Canada | Toronto | C40 | 2014 | Other: | Serious | Other: | Other: Drier summers Other: Already occurring intermittently Water, Parks, Forestry & Recreation, Energy, Urban Agricultural | (43.653226°, -79.3831843°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 565 | Prefeitura de Florianópolis | 50384 | Brazil | Florianópolis | 2014 | Increased wind speeds | Extremely serious | Medium-term | (-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | ||
| 566 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Turin | 2014 | Hotter summers | Serious | Medium-term | Increase ozone pollution and consequent increase of cardio-respiratory disease due to high concentration of ground level ozone. General air quality worsening. | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 567 | Prefeitura de Cuiabá | 50386 | Brazil | Cuiabá | 2014 | More frequent heat waves | Short-term | (-15.6014109°, -56.0978917°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |||
| 568 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2014 | More hot days | Less serious | Short-term | Increase in road buckling from heat stress and stress on bridges from heat expansion (transport, roads) Increase in demand on electricity load and cooling demand (energy) Increase in stress to urban forest (ecosystems) Increase in spread of invasive species and disease vectors (ecosystems, human health) Increase in demand for cooling centers (Human health) Loss of plant and animal species to drought, increased spread of invasive species, large population shifts due to changing habitat, and possible threatened survival of some endangered and critical species that occur in Seattle and in watersheds affected by City water and energy facilities (ecosystems). Reduced energy delivery capcity of transmission lines and increased sag of transmission lines. | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 569 | Gokseong county | 48532 | South Korea | Gokseong | 2014 | Increased urban heat island effect | Serious | Current | As the energy consumption increases from buildings, the outside temperature also increases. | (35.2819553°, 127.2919175°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 570 | Santiago de Guayaquil | 36045 | Ecuador | Guayaquil | 2014 | More hot days | Serious | Long-term | Nowdays in Guayaquil the climate is too hot | (-2.1709979°, -79.9223592°) | (-1.831239°, -78.183406°) | |
| 571 | Municipalidad de Provincial de Arequipa | 50368 | Peru | Arequipa | 2014 | More hot days | Serious | Long-term | Summer days with higher temperatures. | (-16.4090474°, -71.537451°) | (-9.189967°, -75.015152°) | |
| 572 | City of Porto | 46514 | Portugal | Porto | 2014 | Increased urban heat island effect | Less serious | Current | Please see question 2.1 | (41.1579438°, -8.6291053°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 573 | Suwon city | 44185 | South Korea | Suwon | 2014 | More frequent heat waves | Less serious | Short-term | Health vulnerability | (37.2635727°, 127.0286009°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 574 | Imsil County | 51242 | Korea | Imsil-gun | 2014 | More frequent droughts | Less serious | Medium-term | Drought will likely lead the shortage in water supply and damage on crop. | (35.6110549°, 127.2826599°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 575 | City of Johannesburg | 31115 | South Africa | Johannesburg | C40 | 2014 | More intense rainfall | Serious | Current | Potential impacts on the quality of the surface ground water. Increased risk of deaths andinjusries.Disruption of settlements, commerce logistics and societies due to flooding. Damage of infrastructure andloss to property. Thunderstoms and intense winds often accompany these rainfall patterns and resulting in power outages disrupting supply. Disruption of economic activity, withdrawal of insurance cover for vulnerable areas and Migration. | (-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 576 | City of Austin | 1184 | USA | Austin | C40 | 2014 | More hot days | Serious | Medium-term | Health and safety of citizens, depletion of water resources, stability of the electric grid, cost of living | (30.267153°, -97.7430608°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 577 | Município de Aparecida | 45219 | Brazil | Aparecida | 2014 | More intense rainfall | Less serious | Probability of mudslides in risk areas, increased river floods episodes of the Paraíba river, impacting the riverside population. | (-22.8469756°, -45.2316376°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | ||
| 578 | Addis Ababa City Administration | 31146 | Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | C40 | 2014 | More frequent droughts | Serious | Medium-term | water , energy , agriculture,biodiversity, human health, and tourism. | (9.0342453°, 38.7636287°) | (9.145°, 40.489673°) |
| 579 | San Salvador | 35889 | El Salvador | San Salvador | 2014 | Increased average annual rainfall | Extremely serious | Short-term | Agriculture: Climate change has a direct effect on agriculture, especially in the subsistence agriculture, as the crops become vulnerable with the increase of droughts or floods. Buildings: It is to consider the vulnerability of the existing infrastructure in the theme of housing, is to consider that much of the urban and semi-urban areas are built on slopes and these following by the increase of rainfall rains are prone to landslides. Water: This resource is extremely sensitive to the effects of climate change, because if we are affected by prolonged droughts, the rainwater capture that feeds the aquifer is lost, also having direct effects on rivers and lakes, as the rivers get lower and may get dry. On the other hand most of rain´s precipitation drive to rivers overflowing, which pollutes especially wells , that directly affect the life in the sector affected Solid Waste: The inadequate or lack of solid waste´s treatment increase the acceleration of climate change, as there are higher concentrations mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, gases that cause global warming among other consequences Transportation: It is important to note that the lack of policies and the lack of control in the transport regulations are responsible for the environmental pollution. Energy : The use of non-renewable energy and the use inefficient of resources that are used to energy production threaten its sustainability; in our case more than 80% of energy is produced by water resources that will be affected directly as a result of climate change Communications: The whole communication system is supported by the power generation, this being due to points discussed above, will suffer directly. Human health: Human health will be the most vulnerable element to the eminent climate change, the development of our cities is based on power generation and the production structure which is intimately linked to the consumption of energy, whereas human health is directly threatened by pollution and the respective deterioration what it produces, as well as food vulnerability and the quality of water resources mainly , these make human health be directly threatened by pollution | (13.6929403°, -89.2181911°) | (13.794185°, -88.89653°) | |
| 580 | City of Cleveland | 35859 | USA | Cleveland | 2014 | More hot days | Serious | Short-term | During heat waves, high electricity demand combines with climate-related limitations on energy production capabilities, increasing the likelihood of electricity shortages and resulting in brownouts or even blackouts. Warming also decreases the number of days with snow on the ground, which may improve traffic safety. In winter, oil and gas demand for heating would also decline. | (41.49932°, -81.6943605°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 581 | City District Government Karachi | 31168 | Pakistan | Karachi | C40 | 2014 | More hot days | Serious | Long-term | In the absence of a good public transport system and any mechanism for the fitness of vehicles, indiscriminate dumping of Solid Waste and its burning has increased tremendous amount of emission of GHG's which leads towards the increase of temperature | (24.9107179°, 67.1283309°) | (30.375321°, 69.345116°) |
| 582 | Alcadia Distrital de Barranquilla | 43970 | Colombia | Barranquilla | 2014 | Change in seasonality of rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | Actually drought conditions have alarms generated by the decrease in the availability of water resource, besides the agricultural economy is directly affected by this situation. Excessive rain has created flooding problems leaving a large number of victims across the Department Atlantic that has generated migration to the capital of the department that is Barranquilla. The increased rainfall also has impacts on the city in economic matters. | (10.9815944°, -74.7782214°) | (4.570868°, -74.297333°) | |
| 583 | Cascais | 50680 | Portugal | Cascais | 2014 | Sea level rise | Serious | Medium-term | There is consensus within scientific community that sea level will rise in the next years | (38.6970565°, -9.4222945°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 584 | Gwangju Metropolitan Government | 44181 | South Korea | Gwangju | 2014 | More intense droughts | Serious | Short-term | Increased livestock mortality - Increased risk of forest fires - Lack of food and water | (35.1595454°, 126.8526012°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 585 | Singapore Government | 35993 | Singapore | Singapore | C40 | 2014 | More hot days | Other: +2.7 to + 4.2 °C | Other: 2100 | Changes to biodiversity and greenery; implications for public health (e.g. heat stress, dengue); greater demand on energy infrastructure (for cooling) | (51.9055346°, 4.4742753°) | (1.352083°, 103.819836°) |
| 586 | Jeju City | 44202 | South Korea | Jeju | 2014 | Warmer water temperatures | Less serious | Current | Sea temperature and sea level rises triggered by climate change will lead to changes in eco-system in Jeju, which also largely influences its fishery industry. | (33.4996213°, 126.5311884°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 587 | City of Miami | 35870 | USA | Miami | 2014 | Sea level rise | Serious | Medium-term | (25.7890972°, -80.2040435°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 588 | Municipality of Campinas | 35897 | Brazil | Campinas | 2014 | More intense droughts | Serious | Current | Increased likelihood of fires and wildfires; increased incidence of respiratory diseases; impact on agricultural production; shortage of supply | (41.1673724°, -8.6532529°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 589 | Ayuntamiento de Madrid | 31171 | Spain | Madrid | C40 | 2014 | Reduced average annual rainfall | Other: More data is needed to classify the level of risk | Medium-term | The reduction in the average annual rainfall could reach 100 mm by the year 2050 | (40.1076253°, -3.3875673°) | (40.463667°, -3.74922°) |
| 590 | Ciudad de Juárez | 50398 | Mexico | Juárez | 2014 | More frequent heat waves | Serious | Short-term | (31.6903638°, -106.4245478°) | (23.634501°, -102.552784°) | ||
| 591 | City of Pietermaritzburg | 37261 | South Africa | Pietermaritzburg | 2014 | Change in seasonality of rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | (-29.6006068°, 30.3794118°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) | ||
| 592 | Chuncheon city | 50713 | Korea | Chuncheon | 2014 | More frequent heat waves | Serious | Current | (37.8813153°, 127.7299707°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | ||
| 593 | City of Zaragoza | 46473 | Spain | Zaragoza | 2014 | Reduced average annual rainfall | Serious | Short-term | (41.6488226°, -0.8890853°) | (40.463667°, -3.74922°) | ||
| 594 | Prefeitura de Rio Branco | 51374 | Brazil | Rio Branco | 2014 | More frequent droughts | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Reduction in the level of rivers and streams, loss of agricultural production; public shortages | (-9.975377°, -67.8248977°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 595 | Gapyeong County | 51102 | South Korea | Gapyeong-gun | 2014 | Sea level rise | Less serious | Long-term | (37.8315403°, 127.5098827°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | ||
| 596 | Bornova Municipality | 44132 | Turkey | Bornova | 2014 | More hot days | Serious | Current | (35.2141598°, 33.2947541°) | (38.963745°, 35.243322°) | ||
| 597 | Prefeitura de Aracaju | 52638 | Brazil | Aracaju | 2014 | More intense rainfall | Extremely serious | (-10.927784°, -37.0772196°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |||
| 598 | Cascais | 50680 | Portugal | Cascais | 2014 | Reduced average annual rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | scenarios indicate significant reductions. The actual annual value is 630 mm, in mid-century it will be between 530 and 600 mm and finally, in the end of the century, it will be between 420 and 580 mm. These reductions are expected during the year, but there is a possible exception in January and March. | (38.6970565°, -9.4222945°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 599 | Prefeitura de Vitória | 50392 | Brazil | Vitória | 2014 | More intense heat waves | Less serious | Short-term | Discomfort with the impact in the elevation of the energy and combustible demand; | (-20.2976178°, -40.2957768°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 600 | Prefeitura de Rio Branco | 51374 | Brazil | Rio Branco | 2014 | Reduced average annual rainfall | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Reduction in the level of rivers and streams, loss of agricultural production; | (-9.975377°, -67.8248977°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) |
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Description
Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness
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