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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales

Row numberCity NameAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting YearEffects of climate changeMagnitudeAnticipated timescale in yearsImpact descriptionCity LocationCountry Location
651Singapore Government35993SingaporeSingaporeC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termAn increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events may increase the risk of flash floods.(51.9055346°, 4.4742753°)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)
652City of Edmonton43912CanadaEdmonton2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousShort-termIf global average temperature rise of 2 degrees centigrade materializes and the climate changes take place as forecast above, the local and planetary food supplies which depend on consistent weather patterns for planting, growth, and harvesting, could be severely hampered under the right conditions.(53.544389°, -113.4909267°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
653City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousMedium-termHigher extreme temperatures can increase the urban heat island effect. On a hot summer day, the sun can heat darker and more exposed urban surfaces, such as roofs and pavement, to temperatures 50–90°F hotter than the mean air temperature. The surrounding desert environment can also contribute to and intensify the urban heat island effect(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
654Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousMedium-termImpacts on human health(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
655City of Amsterdam31148NetherlandsAmsterdamC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-term(52.3702157°, 4.8951679°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
656City of Lisbon36159PortugalLisbon2015Frequent/Intense RainfallLess seriousCurrentPortugal and Lisbon Region have faced in the last decades some visible change on seasonality of rainfall. Dry winters have become more frequent in the last years.(38.7222524°, -9.1393366°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
657City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termImpacted Sectors: health, electric power utilities, water utility, buildings: Health Impacts include poor air quality, increase in asthma rates and increase in heat-related mortality. Heat events affecting San Francisco are likely to occur during severe statewide events, spiking air conditioning loads creating power shortages that will affect San Francisco.(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
658Suwon city44185South KoreaSuwon2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termRisk of building submersion(37.2635727°, 127.0286009°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
659Cascais50680PortugalCascais2015DroughtSeriousMedium-termscenarios indicate significant reductions. The actual annual value is 630 mm, in mid-century it will be between 530 and 600 mm and finally, in the end of the century, it will be between 420 and 580 mm. These reductions are expected during the year, but there is a possible exception in January and March.(38.6970565°, -9.4222945°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
660Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousCurrentFinancial and material losses.(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
661City of Gibraltar50650GibraltarGibraltar2015Storms/FloodsSeriousMedium-termGibraltar is practically surrounded by sea and due to land space limitations, development takes place close to the coastline. Storm surges could have a serious impact on major infrastructure developments, such as the power generating station and also important amenities such as the hospital and airfield.(36.1407734°, -5.3535994°)(36.140751°, -5.353585°)
662Ville de Montreal35894CanadaMontreal2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termRegional models unanimously predict hotter summers for Montreal which, in turn, will be responsible for an increase in heat wave frequency and intensity. Impacts will include increased health stress on vulnerable populations, an increase in the number of smog episodes, an increase in energy demand, an increase in water demand, an increase in water temperatures and its subsequent impact on ecosystems, a worsening of existing urban heat island effect, and increased frequency of violent storms. Impacts to infrastructure are also possible.(45.5086699°, -73.5539925°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
663Wellington City Council43937New ZealandWellington2015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousLong-term- South Coast of Wellington as well as inner-harbour is exposed to increased risks including coastal communities, road networks, state highway, rail, the airport and utilities - Inner-harbour and CBD particularly exposed to risks.(-41.2864603°, 174.776236°)(-40.900557°, 174.885971°)
664City of Stockholm3429SwedenStockholmC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentRisk of flooding and damage to infrastructure and buildings.(59.3293235°, 18.0685808°)(60.128161°, 18.643501°)
665Tokyo Metropolitan Government31111JapanTokyoC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesCurrentIncreased energy consumption due to the rise of air conditioner usage(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
666Mexico City31172MexicoMexico CityC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentThe annual accumulated rain in Mexico City shows an increased trend since this parameter has been recorded in the late XIX Century. This provokes more frequent floods in the City.(19.4326077°, -99.133208°)(23.634501°, -102.552784°)
667Cascais50680PortugalCascais2015Sea Level RiseSeriousMedium-termThere is consensus within scientific community that sea level will rise in the next years(38.6970565°, -9.4222945°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
668Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402015DroughtExtremely seriousShort-termClimate change is provoking weather extremes, challenging existing meteorological models. Prolonged droughts can cause dramatic decrease in reservoir level, a fact that has come true in the second half of 2014 in São Paulo, affecting the water supply of 12 million people.(-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
669City of Gibraltar50650GibraltarGibraltar2015Sea Level RiseSeriousLong-termMuch of Gibraltar is built upon low lying coastline and reclaimed land. Key infrastructure such as the airfield, the hospital and the power station could all be affected by sea level rise of a metre.(36.1407734°, -5.3535994°)(36.140751°, -5.353585°)
670City of Oslo14088NorwayOsloC402015Sea Level RiseLess seriousLong-term(59.9138688°, 10.7522454°)(60.472024°, 8.468946°)
671City of Stockholm3429SwedenStockholmC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termRisk of flooding, especially in the Lake Mälaren catchment area, damage to development.(59.3293235°, 18.0685808°)(60.128161°, 18.643501°)
672City of Paris31175FranceParisC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallLess seriousShort-termAre expected more spring and summer droughts, possibly more intense rainfall throughout the year. Some floods could be expected too.(48.856614°, 2.3522219°)(46.227638°, 2.213749°)
673Prefeitura de Sorocaba50383BrazilSorocaba2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentimpact on health, services and infrastructure, availability of raw materials, biodiversity(-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
674Municipality of Belo Horizonte35848BrazilBelo Horizonte2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousShort-termdiscomfort(38.5198325°, -8.8695345°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
675City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termIncrease in road buckling from heat stress and stress on bridges from heat expansion (transport, roads) Increase in demand on electricity load and cooling demand (energy) increase in stress to urban forest (ecosystems) Increase in spread of invasive species and disease vectors (ecosystems, human health) Increase in morbidity and mortality from extreme heat among at-risk populations, including the elderly, very young, economically disadvantaged, those who work outside, and those who have ill health (human health) Decrease in air quality (human health)(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
676Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402015OtherLess seriousMedium-termImpact on waterquality en ecology; visual impact: algae; industrial use of cool fresh water supply(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
677Jakarta City Government31166IndonesiaJakartaC402015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousShort-termGlobal warming, which has an impact on the occurrence of extreme weather and sea level rise, coupled with the problems of land subsidence, makes Jakarta susceptible to catastrophic flooding. Certain parts of North Jakarta subsides at a rate of 7,5cm/year while the sea rise at 6mm/year. If nothing is done to alleviate this, it is expected that in 2030, 80% of North Jakarta will be 5 m below mean sea level.(-6.2087634°, 106.845599°)(-0.789275°, 113.921327°)
678City of Turku50154FinlandTurku2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentUrban runoff floods, sewer network overflows, property damage and water pollution.(60.4518126°, 22.2666303°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
679City of Houston31108USAHoustonC402015DroughtSeriousCurrentMore frequent droughts deplete water resources for people and wildlife and cause infrastructure problems. It also leads to drought-stressed trees and vegetation which reduces the urban forest that would normally provide cooling and improve air quality.(29.7601927°, -95.3693896°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
680Seoul Metropolitan Government31187South KoreaSeoulC402015OtherSeriousCurrentRisky air quality for respiratory patients(37.566535°, 126.9779692°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
681Suwon city44185South KoreaSuwon2015OtherSeriousMedium-termRisk of accidents in potholes due to heavy snow(37.2635727°, 127.0286009°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
682City of Durban35863South AfricaDurbanC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentDurban is already experiencing an increased frequency of large storms. These impact upon the poorest communities the hardest, especially those living in inappropriately situated informal settlements. Impacts of large storms include flooding and loss of private and public property and infrastructure, an increased risk of lightning strikes and damage from strong winds.(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
683City of Baltimore35853USABaltimore2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousCurrentBy 2100, average annual temperatures are expected to increase 12°F in Baltimore. We already have very hot summers. Increasing average temperatures will negatively impact human health and wellbeing.(39.2903848°, -76.6121893°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
684Municipality of Belo Horizonte35848BrazilBelo Horizonte2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termmore energy and water consuption, more need of cooling rooms(38.5198325°, -8.8695345°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
685City of Helsinki8242FinlandHelsinki2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousLong-termHuman health, need more air conditioning(60.1733244°, 24.9410248°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
686Comune di Piacenza36495ItalyPiacenza2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-term(45.0519969°, 9.6926451°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
687Ayuntamiento de Madrid31171SpainMadridC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousMedium-termIt´s expected an increase of 3,5-4 ºC by the year 2050. Vulnerability assesment procces is currently been carried out(40.1076253°, -3.3875673°)(40.463667°, -3.74922°)
688Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termThe increased contributions of undesirable rainwater from sanitary facilities and a greater infiltration of groundwater into the sewage system due to the higher water table should involve impairment of hydraulic and sanitary operation of all elements of the supply water and sanitation system.(-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
689Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousMedium-termFinancial and material losses.(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
690City of Porto46514PortugalPorto2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousMedium-termThe “National Risk Evaluation Report (Jan 2014)” estimates a moderate susceptibility, given the context of the average temperature tendency in all the regions of Portugal tending to be decreased by the indexes related to cold weather. Therefore days of frost, days with minimum temperatures below 0ºC and cold waves will occur with less frequency and intensity.(41.1579438°, -8.6291053°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
691City of Zaragoza46473SpainZaragoza2015DroughtSeriousCurrentComo en años anteriores(41.6488226°, -0.8890853°)(40.463667°, -3.74922°)
692Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousCurrentSystematic occurrence of storms, linked to local topography and occupation, dates back to the early history of the City and represents the most serious risk factor for the population, due to the landslides and flooding episodes. The tragic history of life and properties losses and the severe social and public health consequences contributed to the creation of the Operation Center COR – Centro de Operações Rio by the Municipality, in order to monitor and optimize the city functions. The Center seeks to anticipate solutions and minimize the occurrences, alerting the responsible sectors of the risks and the urgent measures to be taken in cases of emergencies such as heavy rainfall; Short duration or high density rainfalls should also exacerbate the degradation of urban forests, generating debris flows and rock falls. The increased frequency of rainfall especially in summer should lead to more frequent landslides. The vulnerability of the slopes tend to increase due to the rains, especially where there is informal and uncontrolled expansion of buildings. In scenario projected for 2099, the Tijuca Massif tends to have forest cover reduced to 6% to 20% of its total covered area, considering the rhythm of occupation. With increasing intensity of rains and winds, lagoons and other water bodies must suffer the acceleration of siltation and decreased water quality due to increased sewage discharges, re-suspension of sediments and decreased oxygen concentration, There should be greater input of sediment from the slopes to the lagoons in Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguá. In water supply and sanitation systems, there must be an overload on treatment plants, depending on the over-elevation of turbidity, fecal contamination due to heavy rainfall and increased run-off. The structural safety of dams should increase the risk of flooding due to the instantaneous flow of water reservoirs(-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
693City of Oslo14088NorwayOsloC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-term(59.9138688°, 10.7522454°)(60.472024°, 8.468946°)
694Comune di Ferrara36286ItalyFerrara2015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousShort-term(44.8357395°, 11.6189949°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
695New York City3417USANew YorkC402015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousLong-termAccording to the NPCC, by 2050 there could be as much as 2.5 feet of sea level rise (90th percentile).(40.7127837°, -74.0059413°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
696Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousMedium-termImpacts on human health, transport (roads, bridges), possibly public networks (electricity e.g.)(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
697City of Chicago3203USAChicagoC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termSee response to "more hot days" for detail.(41.8781136°, -87.6297982°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
698Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region31169Hong KongHong KongC402015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousCurrent►Biodiversity and Nature Conservation: Damage to woodlands, coral communities due to increase in frequency and/or severity of extreme weather ►Built environment and infrastructure: Heavy rain, thunderstorm and extreme weather leading to damaging of building foundations, increased risk of rain penetration of building fabric, and damage to utilities cabling and pipes. Landslides causing damages to buildings and major infrastructures. Serious flooding causing damages to lives and properties. ► Energy supply: Risk of flooding, lightning strike, landslides, causing damage to power lines and other assets ► Financial services: Direct risk relating to vulnerability of telecommunications and computer systems to storms, power failure and spikes ►Food resources: Extreme weather reducing agricultural outputs at sources of food imported to Hong Kong and pushing up commodity prices. ►Human health: More accidents and emergency situations may result from increased frequency and/or intensity of extreme weather, such as storms, floods, droughts and tropical cyclones, etc.(22.2880809°, 114.1398015°)(22.396428°, 114.109497°)
699Addis Ababa City Administration31146EthiopiaAddis AbabaC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termwaste transport, energy, communications, telecommunications, human health, tourism, and urban agriculture.(9.0342453°, 38.7636287°)(9.145°, 40.489673°)
700City of Zaragoza46473SpainZaragoza2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentComo en años anteriores(41.6488226°, -0.8890853°)(40.463667°, -3.74922°)

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created Jun 7 2016

updated Oct 4 2018

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Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness

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