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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales

Row numberCity NameAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting YearEffects of climate changeMagnitudeAnticipated timescale in yearsImpact descriptionCity LocationCountry Location
701Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg35868GermanyHamburg2015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentA great part of the city is situated around sea level with tidal influence, and thus threatened by storm surge impacts.(53.5510846°, 9.9936818°)(51.165691°, 10.451526°)
702Mexico City31172MexicoMexico CityC402015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousCurrentMore annual accumulated rain and intense storms provoke landslides in the slopes of the mountains surrounding the city where irregular human settlements are the more vulnerable and at risk population.(19.4326077°, -99.133208°)(23.634501°, -102.552784°)
703Comune di Oristano36252ItalyOristano2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termFlash flood in urban areas(39.9094132°, 8.588777°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
704Faro50673PortugalFaro2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentShortage of water during the summer(57.9441874°, 19.1424789°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
705Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousLong-termFinancial and material losses.(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
706City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015OtherExtremely seriousCurrentRisks: Community health impacts, disruption and reduced productivity, regional impacts. Increased heat results in vehicle particulates and eucalyptus gases generating ozone, which already exceeds WHO standards during summer months. This is not currently widely known or reported. With increases in heat levels and frequency of heat events, these levels are projected to increase over time. Hospital admissions due to air pollution are also projected to rise by over 200% by 2051 compared to the 1996 to 2005 baseline.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
707City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termRisks: displacement, property/infrastructure damage, flash flooding, localised power infrastructure damage, overflow contaminants, reduced amenity, changed biodiversity, food security, communication disruption. A steady decrease in total annual precipitation is expected over the next 100 years. The City's research shows projections of an 11% reduction in precipitation by 2070. This is in addition to significant natural variation. Annual rainfall is expected to decrease from 1,288 mm in 1995 to 1,138 in 2070. Current 1 in 50 year events will likely become 1 in 20 year events. The City of Sydney's Decentralised Water Master Plan is implementing projects to mitigate these risks.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
708Comune di Bologna36274ItalyBologna2015DroughtSeriousCurrentThe region suffers of more and more frequent phenomena of water scarcity and droughts Exposure: MEDIUM/HIGH Sensitivity: HIGH (population, mobility, economy)(44.4856087°, 11.3547975°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
709City of Benicia49787USABenicia2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousMedium-termThe number of high heat days (over 92.4F) is projected to increase by 36-48 days by mid-century and 44-83 by end-of-century. The average summer temperature is projected to increase by 4-5F by mid-century and 5-9F by end-of-century.(38.049365°, -122.1585777°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
710Tokyo Metropolitan Government31111JapanTokyoC402015Sea Level Rise- Increased flooding risk in conjunction with the progress of the sea rise and larger Typhoons(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
711City of Boston35268USABostonC402015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousMedium-termSee Sea level rise, above.(42.3584308°, -71.0597732°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
712Cascais50680PortugalCascais2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousMedium-term: It will occur more heatwaves, especially in spring and autumn.(38.6970565°, -9.4222945°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
713Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region31169Hong KongHong KongC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallLess seriousCurrent► Water resources: Changing distribution pattern of rainfall may impact on the sustainability of water supply. ► Energy supply: Electricity generation, supply and primary energy supply vulnerable to climatic disruptions ► Business and Industry: Vulnerable to climate change impacts on other areas such as food and water resources, transportation and infrastructure, etc. Heavy reliance on international trade, financial markets, imports of key products and services exposing Hong Kong to climate change impacts beyond its boundaries and increasing its vulnerability. Higher insurance costs, etc. ►Built environment and infrastructure: Potential overloading of some existing drainage systems due to additional runoff, causing flooding at some locations.(22.2880809°, 114.1398015°)(22.396428°, 114.109497°)
714City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402015Storms/FloodsLess seriousShort-termIncreased wind speeds are expected, together with changes in the wind direction towards the East, increasing the frequency of storms known in Buenos Aires, as "Sudestadas". This phenomenon may accelerate the river level rise in Buenos Aires.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
715City of Vancouver20113CanadaVancouverC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallLess seriousCurrentWe already experience some surface flooding and private property sewer back-ups during heavy rainfalls. As intensity and frequency increase, we may see more sewer surcharge, street flooding, etc. The sewer system, especially in combined areas, will be impacted as well as streets and City reputation. Rainfall may also cause water ingress to poor housing stock with the potential for health impacts.(49.261226°, -123.1139268°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
716Wellington City Council43937New ZealandWellington2015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousMedium-term- South Coast of Wellington as well as inner-harbour is exposed to increased risks including coastal communities, road networks, state highway, rail, the airport and utilities - Storm surge is compounded by sea level rise.(-41.2864603°, 174.776236°)(-40.900557°, 174.885971°)
717Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region31169Hong KongHong KongC402015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousCurrent►Built environment and infrastructure: Performance of drainage systems may be affected due to potential rise in mean sea level. Meanwhile, potential damage may be resulted due to increase in sea flooding from storm surges caused by tropical cyclones. ► Water resources: Possible salinization of freshwater aquifers due to sea level rise(22.2880809°, 114.1398015°)(22.396428°, 114.109497°)
718City of Goiânia42123BrazilGoiânia2015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousCurrentOccurrence of more intense rainfall in the city of Goiânia, events between 75 and 99.99 mm / hour, especially in the months of January and March of recent years may cause flooding, overloading the stormwater drainage system and mudslides in areas of slopes(-16.6868912°, -49.2647943°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
719City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termRisks: heat stress, community health, energy system strain, power disruptions, workforce productivity, behaviour change, transport disruption.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
720City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentImpacted Sectors: Water Utility, Wastewater Utility, Buildings, Transport, SF Recreation and Parks.(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
721Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousShort-termGreater energy expenditure. More greenhouse gases.(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
722City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousCurrentAverage temperatures, as well as maximum average temperatures, have increased in the last decades and will keep on increasing at different levels depending on the future scenario studied. As a consequence, heat waves and an increase in the number of plagues are expected, having a negative effect on human health, as well as an increase on energy consumption and demand.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
723Ayuntamiento de San Luis Potosí50369MexicoSan Luis Potosí2015DroughtSeriousCurrentDraughts cause relative water scarcity in a long period of time that will have consequences in the reduction of available water to the users. Forest fires, loss of hectares of agricultural cultivation(22.1564699°, -100.9855409°)(23.634501°, -102.552784°)
724City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402015Sea Level RiseSeriousMedium-termMany portions of the City of San Francisco are built on sediment fill. It is susceptible to liquefaction in an earthquake and flooding from storms and sea level rise. Therefore sea level rise will create serious risks for a range of municipal infrastructures, local businesses, residential property owners and shoreline ecologies. Some of the major municipal facilities and infrastructure that are the most vulnerable include the San Francisco International Airport, the Port of San Francisco, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission- stormwater and wastewater treatment plants, the Municipal Transportation Agency and San Francisco Recreation and Parks assets. Both our financial district and our southeastern communities are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise in the future and currently experience flooding from king tide and storm surge events.(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
725City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentImpacted Sectors: Water Utility, Wastewater Utility, Buildings, Transport, SF Recreation and Parks.(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
726Municipality of Curitiba31156BrazilCuritibaC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentThe greatest concern is with human lives in buildings near rivers(8.309021°, -62.7288829°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
727Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousCurrentEpidemics of dengue were installed in Rio from the 1980s, with huge damages to the population and loss of lives. These epidemics are closely to the hot, humid summers, which facilitate the proliferation of its vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Extended the temperature and humidity of summer to autumn period, the period favorable for dengue should be also streched, worsening the risks to the public health system.(-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
728Wellington City Council43937New ZealandWellington2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-term- surface flooding impacting low-lying areas and causing disruption to transport networks and damage to the built environment and underground infrastructure - land-slips impacting road networks, rail and residential areas(-41.2864603°, 174.776236°)(-40.900557°, 174.885971°)
729Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402015Sea Level RiseSeriousMedium-termEffect on river zones from 2050(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
730City of Chicago3203USAChicagoC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termMore intense rainfall in the winter and spring, and less frequent rainfall in the summer. See response to "changes in seasonality of rainfall" for additional detail.(41.8781136°, -87.6297982°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
731City of Lisbon36159PortugalLisbon2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousCurrentRelated with More Hot Days effect described above(38.7222524°, -9.1393366°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
732District of Columbia31090USAWashington DCC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousCurrentCompared to 1950, there is now an average of 9 more days per year with maximum temperature greater than 95oF. The number of hot days is projected to increase further in the future according to downscaled climate projections - to 18-20 days by the 2020s, 30-45 days by mid-century, and 40-70 days by the 2080s.(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
733Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentFinancial and material losses.(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
734Singapore Government35993SingaporeSingaporeC402015DroughtSeriousLong-termAn increase in weather variability may bring more frequent or more severe droughts that threaten the reliability of our water supply.(51.9055346°, 4.4742753°)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)
735City of Atlanta1093USAAtlanta2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termAir quality: The effects of global warming can increase the number of unhealthy air, or "red” smog alerts" days for Atlanta.(33.7489954°, -84.3879824°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
736City of Cleveland35859USACleveland2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termEvents such as the Chicago heat wave of 1995, which resulted in over 700 deaths, will become more common. Unless actions are taken to reduce pollutants that lead to ozone formation, increased temperatures and more stagnant air would also lead to more ground-level ozone.(41.49932°, -81.6943605°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
737City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentRisks: heat stress, community health, energy system strain, power disruptions, workforce productivity, behaviour change, transport disruption. The CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology's 2014 State of the Climate Report shows that Australia's climate has warmed by 0.9 degrees C since 1910, with most of the warming occurring since 1950. This warming has seen Australia experiencing more warm weather and extreme heat, and fewer cool extremes. There has been an increase in extreme fire weather, and a longer fire season, across large parts of Australia.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
738City of Toronto31117CanadaTorontoC402015DroughtLess seriousLong-termDrought has not been a problem for several years, however drought is possible. A possibility is that rainfall will be about the same or perhaps trending upwards, but the storms may be intense causing less water infiltration and more runoff which will not sustain plants and will cause more erosion and reduced runoff quality.(43.653226°, -79.3831843°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
739City of Paris31175FranceParisC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentPossibly a higher use of air conditionning, particularly in office buildings. Impacts on biodiversity; impacts on the use of the public spaces and outdoor activities. Impacts on the drinkable water temperature and thus on its quality(48.856614°, 2.3522219°)(46.227638°, 2.213749°)
740Comune di Piacenza36495ItalyPiacenza2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrent(45.0519969°, 9.6926451°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
741City of Columbus43910USAColumbus2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousMedium-termThe growing season will be longer. Already the freeze free season got longer by 25.5 days from 1951-2012. (GLISA.msu.edu - historical climatology Columbus, Ohio draft)(39.9611755°, -82.9987942°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
742City of Pittsburgh35877USAPittsburgh2015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousShort-termHazardous conditions, degradation of infrastructure, flooding, erosion and landslides(40.4406248°, -79.9958864°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
743Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentIn current situation flooding of streets, sometimes houses. In future the risks will grow if nothing is done.(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
744Bornova Municipality44132TurkeyBornova2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-term(35.2141598°, 33.2947541°)(38.963745°, 35.243322°)
745Singapore Government35993SingaporeSingaporeC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentRoadside trees could be uprooted in gusty storms, causing inconvenience and potential hazards to commuters.(51.9055346°, 4.4742753°)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)
746Village of Kadiovacik35755TurkeyKadiovacik2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousLong-term(38.3434574°, 26.553613°)(38.963745°, 35.243322°)
747Faro50673PortugalFaro2015OtherLess seriousCurrentModification of species caugthat in the sea(57.9441874°, 19.1424789°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
748District of Columbia31090USAWashington DCC402015Storms/FloodsExtremely seriousMedium-termExtreme wind-driven flooding (storm surge) from hurricanes and nor’easters can have significant impacts on the Washington, DC region, and will be exacerbated in the future by climate change due to sea level rise and storm intensification.(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
749City of Hiroshima49386JapanHiroshima2015Sea Level RiseSeriousLong-term本市は地盤の低いデルタ地帯に中心市街地が発達しているが、年間平均潮位は上昇傾向にある。(34.3852029°, 132.4552927°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
750City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousShort-termRisks: displacement, property/infrastructure damage, flash flooding, localised power infrastructure damage, overflow contaminants, reduced amenity, changed biodiversity, food security, communication disruption. A major impact would occur where sea level rise is exacerbated by storm surge and tidal influence. Projections for storm surge events in Sydney are largely unknown. On a regional level, there is no detailed information about the frequency and severity of storm surge, rainfall extremes, drought, hail or links to local extremes such as air pollution and flood.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)

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created Jun 7 2016

updated Oct 4 2018

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Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness

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