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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales

Row numberCity NameAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting YearEffects of climate changeMagnitudeAnticipated timescale in yearsImpact descriptionCity LocationCountry Location
751Cascais50680PortugalCascais2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousMedium-termtemperature will increase 2-4ºC by mid-century and 5-9ºC at the end of the century due to an increasing in hot days.(38.6970565°, -9.4222945°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
752Municipality of Recife35872BrazilRecife2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousShort-termThermal discomfort, health problems, increase in the average temperature of the sea and consequently more intense rains and unregulated.(8.3127386°, -62.7284414°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
753City of Durban35863South AfricaDurbanC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termBuilding design will need to accommodate this change – more energy efficient, use of natural cooling systems, need to include more insulation, possible roll-out of green roof and wall systems (and other similar cooling technologies) in the city to minimise urban heat island. The increase in temperature is likely to increase evaporation of the city’s water supply, which could lead to water shortages, higher temperatures likely to increase rate of food spoiling with possible food poisoning increase, also impacts upon waste; deterioration in roads (macadam) from higher heat, more energy required for cooling likely to place a strain on city’s energy supplies. Impacts upon the health of aged and frail, health strain from the import of novel tropical diseases in Durban e.g. malaria.(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
754Comune di Torino35886ItalyTurin2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termIn particular during spring the effect is to increase the river discharge due to anticipated snow-melt, increasing the hydrogeological risk.(45.1006374°, 7.6680046°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
755City of Detroit35862USADetroit2015Frequent/Intense RainfallLess seriousCurrent(42.331427°, -83.0457538°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
756Singapore Government35993SingaporeSingaporeC402015Sea Level RiseSeriousLong-termErosion and flooding of coastal areas.(51.9055346°, 4.4742753°)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)
757City of Warsaw31185PolandWarsawC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousLong-term(52.2296756°, 21.0122287°)(51.919438°, 19.145136°)
758Ayuntamiento de Madrid31171SpainMadridC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termThe reduction in the average annual rainfall could reach 100 mm by the year 2050. Vulnerability assesment procces is currently been carried out(40.1076253°, -3.3875673°)(40.463667°, -3.74922°)
759City of Paris31175FranceParisC402015OtherSeriousCurrentProblems in water use for energy production and drinkable water treatment. Impacts on biodiversity.(48.856614°, 2.3522219°)(46.227638°, 2.213749°)
760City of Atlanta1093USAAtlanta2015Storms/FloodsSeriousMedium-termAtlanta is not prepared for prolonged winter storms, which can cause traffic paralysis and food shortages.(33.7489954°, -84.3879824°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
761Tokyo Metropolitan Government31111JapanTokyoC402015Storms/FloodsCurrent- Increased flooding risk in conjunction with the progress of the sea rise and larger Typhoons(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
762Municipality of Belo Horizonte35848BrazilBelo Horizonte2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termmore energy and water comsumption; more need of cooling rooms.(38.5198325°, -8.8695345°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
763City of Paris31175FranceParisC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termBy 2050, the overall annual rainfall in Paris will probably decrease, impacting on river freight abilities, water quality, as well as waste water treatments.(48.856614°, 2.3522219°)(46.227638°, 2.213749°)
764City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2015DroughtSeriousCurrentClimate change could increase the number of drought periods over time. Long term impacts to weather systems that provide snowpack in the Colorado Rockies and other parts of the inter-mountain West present a possibility of reduced water available within the Colorado River basin for drinking, irrigation, power generation, recreation, agricultural production, and other uses. Rising temperatures are already decreasing snowpacks in the mountains of the western United States. Long-term drought conditions in the Colorado River basin have already resulted in falling water levels in Lake Mead, which stores 90% of the region’s annual supply of water. Both storage reservoirs (Powell and Mead) are at less than 50% of their current capacity. In 2014, the reservoir hit new historic low elevations.(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
765City of Johannesburg31115South AfricaJohannesburgC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termJohannesburg gets water from outside the border of South Africa. Drought, usually associated with El Nino in South Africa can cause stress in water resources to the detriment of the whole city.(-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
766Jakarta City Government31166IndonesiaJakartaC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termTemprature Increasing between 1881 – 1991 > 1,5 0 C and predicted 2 o C by 2030(-6.2087634°, 106.845599°)(-0.789275°, 113.921327°)
767City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termSeasonal streamflows likely to shift significantly in sensitive watersheds, leading to changes in the amount and timing of water available for electricity generation and community water supply. (energy and water supply)(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
768City of Cleveland35859USACleveland2015OtherSeriousCurrentWarmer water temperatures in Lake Erie is already occuring, thereby exacerbating existing challenges related to invasive species and the increasing number and intensity of harmful algal blooms. These impacts present a serious danger to the $800 million dollar fishing industry in Lake Erie.(41.49932°, -81.6943605°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
769City of Yokohama31113JapanYokohamaC402015OtherSeriousCurrent(35.4437078°, 139.6380256°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
770District of Columbia31090USAWashington DCC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousMedium-termBoth the frequency (number of days with more than 1" and 2" of rain) and intensity (amount of precipitation during the wettest 24 hour period) of extreme precipitation events is expected to in increase in the future.(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
771City of Lisbon36159PortugalLisbon2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousCurrentWith urbanization, hot days become more frequent, but temperatures shows visible gaps between building areas and the parks of almost 10ºC, which shows a very local phenomenon. However, it is possible to raise in the next future as a result of climate change(38.7222524°, -9.1393366°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
772City of Denver32550USADenver2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termAlthough not directly related to the boundaries of the City, changes in accumulaiton of snowpack and time of resulting runoff in the mountainous regions where Denver's water is derived, is a serious risk. Even with maintained levels of snow pack, changes in the timing of snow melt and/or higher spring temperatures can impact the availability of water. Low summer river flows also adversely impact water quality.(39.737567°, -104.9847179°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
773Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termImpact on navigability of river and transport to hinterland from harbour; soil subduction (peat soils) and fundaments of older houses (wooden piles)(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
774City of Baltimore35853USABaltimore2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termProjected increases in average precipitation typically hover around 10%. At the same time, heavy storm events are expected to increase in frequency; winter precipitation is likewise expected to increase by an estimated 40%, although more of that precipitation will be rain as opposed to snow. Most of Maryland’s precipitation falls in the summer months but winter precipitation is expected to rise and the form of this precipitation is likely to be altered. While temperatures increase, more rain will fall in Maryland’s winter months, with a projected 50 percent decrease in snow volume by the end of the century, We anticipate more ice and ice storms as a result(39.2903848°, -76.6121893°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
775City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentAccording to its definition, a heat wave takes place when minimum temperatures exceed 21° C, and maximum temperatures exceed 32°C for three days, or more, in a row. An increase in the number of heat waves has taken place in the last three decades, having a negative impact on human health, especially affecting children and adults over 65 years old. At the same time, an increase on energy consumption and demand increases, causing energy shortages.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
776Comune di Torino35886ItalyTurin2015DroughtSeriousLong-termFresh water lower availability for domestic/industrial uses. Water shortage.(45.1006374°, 7.6680046°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
777City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousShort-termTree damage and increase in maintenance costs (ecosystems, Infrastructure) Increased property damage and from flooding, roadway damage, beach erosion, and bluff landslides (buildings, roads, transport, Port)(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
778City of Pittsburgh35877USAPittsburgh2015DroughtSeriousLong-termOur region has a limited growing season. National drought would mean a decrease in food access and therefore increase in food cost and increase food deserts particularly during the late fall – early spring.(40.4406248°, -79.9958864°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
779City of Helsinki8242FinlandHelsinki2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousLong-termHuman health(60.1733244°, 24.9410248°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
780City of Helsinki8242FinlandHelsinki2015OtherLess seriousMedium-termWater and biodiversity: Increased algae(60.1733244°, 24.9410248°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
781City of Helsinki8242FinlandHelsinki2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termWater: Increased risk of stormwater floods Transport, energy, communications: increased risk of interruptions of operations Land use: Planning of new areas and infill building on existing urban areas on the coast or other high risk flood areas(60.1733244°, 24.9410248°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
782City of Gibraltar50650GibraltarGibraltar2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termPotential for flooding in parts of the city due to old sewer and storm drain system.(36.1407734°, -5.3535994°)(36.140751°, -5.353585°)
783City of Atlanta1093USAAtlanta2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousShort-termHeat waves can cause heat strokes in vulnerable populations, particularly those who do not have access to air conditioning. Heat waves increase pollution levels by requiring more electricity to run air conditioning units.(33.7489954°, -84.3879824°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
784Roma Capitale31110ItalyRoma C402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-term(41.8723889°, 12.4801802°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
785Ayuntamiento de San Luis Potosí50369MexicoSan Luis Potosí2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentMore frequent and intense heat waves could cause more deaths by high temperatures. These conditions could also worsen the air quality problems, loss of the diversity of animal species and vegetables that modify the ecosystem.(22.1564699°, -100.9855409°)(23.634501°, -102.552784°)
786Stadt Zürich35449SwitzerlandZurich2015OtherSeriousLong-termDue to more intense rainfalls in the future the chance of landslides, mudflows increases.(47.3686498°, 8.5391825°)(46.818188°, 8.227512°)
787Prefeitura de Sorocaba50383BrazilSorocaba2015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousMedium-termimpact on agriculture, health, services and infrastructure, availability of raw materials, biodiversity(-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
788City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentWith daytime temperatures increasing, the intensity of heat waves can become more frequent and severe. With higher extreme temperatures comes the risk of dehydration, heat stroke and similar illnesses, especially during the hotter months of the year.(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
789City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402015DroughtLess seriousShort-termTree loss from drought conditions (ecosystems) Loss of plant and animal species to drought, increased spread of invasive species, population shifts due to changing habitat, and threatened survival of salmon and other endangered and critical species that occur in Seattle and in watersheds affected by City water and energy facilities (ecosystems)(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
790City of Chicago3203USAChicagoC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termSee response to "changes in seasonality of rainfall" for detail.(41.8781136°, -87.6297982°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
791City of Yokohama31113JapanYokohamaC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentHeat strokes and other damage to health, sediment disaster, flood, damage from inundation of lower levels in railway stations(35.4437078°, 139.6380256°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
792Addis Ababa City Administration31146EthiopiaAddis AbabaC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termwater , energy , agriculture, biodiversity, human health, and tourism.(9.0342453°, 38.7636287°)(9.145°, 40.489673°)
793City of Johannesburg31115South AfricaJohannesburgC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousCurrentAlready the City of Johannesburg experiences flash floods and these have caused significant damage and loss of life.(-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
794City of Turku50154FinlandTurku2015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentPower distribution faults, property damage, forest damage, traffic problems, flooding due to short term sea level variations caused by wind(60.4518126°, 22.2666303°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
795Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousMedium-termThe Brazilian coast already presents a 4mmm/year increase in sea level. On the shore of Rio, the acceleration of the phenomenon should lead to: loss of sand on urban beaches, and changes by transposition and erosion on non-urbanized beaches. The elevation of the groundwater level should cause flooding in low lying areas with blockade of the flow of streams and rivers. It would possible occur the disruption of Restinga de Marambaia. There are tendencies of risk in the port secto, in sanitation systems, in oil pipelines and emissaries. The salt intrusion in estuaries tend to have medium to high risk, and aquifers, low risk. Concerning to the areas liable to flooding risks by rising sea level, we highlight the following results of modeling the phenomenon to the end of the century: areas affected by flooding: 68.31 to 145.19 m2; Average population to be affected (dimensions up to 1.50 m - up to 5.00 m): 80,320 to 969,526 inhabitants; public spaces rate to be affected (up to 0.40 m - up to 1.50 m): 5.21% - 10.46%. The lagoon systems should be affected as follows: Baixada de Jacarepaguá lagoons should suffer an increase in water surface area, creating new areas flooded by sea water inlet and increased groundwater; Barra da Tijuca lagoons should undergo expansion in Recreio and Vargem Grande area. The salinisation of low lying areas should lead to an ecological decharacterization. In urban drainage infrastructure, is expected to increase the restriction to flow, with loss of efficiency of the drainage system. Spots of flooding are expected to reach places not previously flooded with increasing water depths and times of permanence. In water supply and sanitation systems, the saline intrusion could affect the quality of locally extracted groundwater and depressurized distribution system. Sewage treatment plant of Pavuna, wich is in periodically flooded area, can be affected physically. The submarine emissaries of Ipanema and Barra da Tijuca can be affected with the change in the hydraulic flow. The salinity deposits of ground water should lead to the loss of quality for consumption and the reduction of agriculture in coastal areas, causing health problems and food insecurity. The damage to sanitation infrastructure should increase the environmental contamination risk.(-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
796Greater Manchester35898United KingdomManchester2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termLocalised flooding(53.4575955°, -2.1578377°)(55.378051°, -3.435973°)
797Ville de Montreal35894CanadaMontreal2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termPotential health safety risk, urban flooding, damage to built infrastructure and property, reduced mobility, increased stress on the storm sewer system, urban riverbank erosion, periodic acute decrease in the quality of adjacent water bodies, and reduced soil water replenishment.(45.5086699°, -73.5539925°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
798City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termStreamflows likely to be higher in autumn, winter and early spring, and lower in late spring and summer. Possible increase in extreme flow events may impact frequency and severity of spills from hydroelectric projects and affect infrastructure (water and energy supply)(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
799City of Houston31108USAHoustonC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentMore hot days will increase energy use in buildings and put more stress on the grid, which can be potential causes for brownouts.(29.7601927°, -95.3693896°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
800District of Columbia31090USAWashington DCC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousMedium-termHeat waves are expected to be hotter and last longer. During the historical period, the average heatwave lasted just under 5 days. In the future, the average length is expected to be around 6 days by the 2020s, 8 to 9.5 days by mid-century, and around 9.5 days under the lower or 12 days under the higher scenario by the 2080s.(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)

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created Jun 7 2016

updated Oct 4 2018

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Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness

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