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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales
| Row number | City Name | Account No | Country | City Short Name | C40 | Reporting Year | Effects of climate change | Magnitude | Anticipated timescale in years | Impact description | City Location | Country Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 751 | Cascais | 50680 | Portugal | Cascais | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Medium-term | temperature will increase 2-4ºC by mid-century and 5-9ºC at the end of the century due to an increasing in hot days. | (38.6970565°, -9.4222945°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 752 | Municipality of Recife | 35872 | Brazil | Recife | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Short-term | Thermal discomfort, health problems, increase in the average temperature of the sea and consequently more intense rains and unregulated. | (8.3127386°, -62.7284414°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 753 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | Building design will need to accommodate this change – more energy efficient, use of natural cooling systems, need to include more insulation, possible roll-out of green roof and wall systems (and other similar cooling technologies) in the city to minimise urban heat island. The increase in temperature is likely to increase evaporation of the city’s water supply, which could lead to water shortages, higher temperatures likely to increase rate of food spoiling with possible food poisoning increase, also impacts upon waste; deterioration in roads (macadam) from higher heat, more energy required for cooling likely to place a strain on city’s energy supplies. Impacts upon the health of aged and frail, health strain from the import of novel tropical diseases in Durban e.g. malaria. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 754 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Turin | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | In particular during spring the effect is to increase the river discharge due to anticipated snow-melt, increasing the hydrogeological risk. | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 755 | City of Detroit | 35862 | USA | Detroit | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Less serious | Current | (42.331427°, -83.0457538°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 756 | Singapore Government | 35993 | Singapore | Singapore | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Serious | Long-term | Erosion and flooding of coastal areas. | (51.9055346°, 4.4742753°) | (1.352083°, 103.819836°) |
| 757 | City of Warsaw | 31185 | Poland | Warsaw | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Long-term | (52.2296756°, 21.0122287°) | (51.919438°, 19.145136°) | |
| 758 | Ayuntamiento de Madrid | 31171 | Spain | Madrid | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | The reduction in the average annual rainfall could reach 100 mm by the year 2050. Vulnerability assesment procces is currently been carried out | (40.1076253°, -3.3875673°) | (40.463667°, -3.74922°) |
| 759 | City of Paris | 31175 | France | Paris | C40 | 2015 | Other | Serious | Current | Problems in water use for energy production and drinkable water treatment. Impacts on biodiversity. | (48.856614°, 2.3522219°) | (46.227638°, 2.213749°) |
| 760 | City of Atlanta | 1093 | USA | Atlanta | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Medium-term | Atlanta is not prepared for prolonged winter storms, which can cause traffic paralysis and food shortages. | (33.7489954°, -84.3879824°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 761 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | 31111 | Japan | Tokyo | C40 | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Current | - Increased flooding risk in conjunction with the progress of the sea rise and larger Typhoons | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 762 | Municipality of Belo Horizonte | 35848 | Brazil | Belo Horizonte | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | more energy and water comsumption; more need of cooling rooms. | (38.5198325°, -8.8695345°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 763 | City of Paris | 31175 | France | Paris | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | By 2050, the overall annual rainfall in Paris will probably decrease, impacting on river freight abilities, water quality, as well as waste water treatments. | (48.856614°, 2.3522219°) | (46.227638°, 2.213749°) |
| 764 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Current | Climate change could increase the number of drought periods over time. Long term impacts to weather systems that provide snowpack in the Colorado Rockies and other parts of the inter-mountain West present a possibility of reduced water available within the Colorado River basin for drinking, irrigation, power generation, recreation, agricultural production, and other uses. Rising temperatures are already decreasing snowpacks in the mountains of the western United States. Long-term drought conditions in the Colorado River basin have already resulted in falling water levels in Lake Mead, which stores 90% of the region’s annual supply of water. Both storage reservoirs (Powell and Mead) are at less than 50% of their current capacity. In 2014, the reservoir hit new historic low elevations. | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 765 | City of Johannesburg | 31115 | South Africa | Johannesburg | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | Johannesburg gets water from outside the border of South Africa. Drought, usually associated with El Nino in South Africa can cause stress in water resources to the detriment of the whole city. | (-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 766 | Jakarta City Government | 31166 | Indonesia | Jakarta | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | Temprature Increasing between 1881 – 1991 > 1,5 0 C and predicted 2 o C by 2030 | (-6.2087634°, 106.845599°) | (-0.789275°, 113.921327°) |
| 767 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | Seasonal streamflows likely to shift significantly in sensitive watersheds, leading to changes in the amount and timing of water available for electricity generation and community water supply. (energy and water supply) | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 768 | City of Cleveland | 35859 | USA | Cleveland | 2015 | Other | Serious | Current | Warmer water temperatures in Lake Erie is already occuring, thereby exacerbating existing challenges related to invasive species and the increasing number and intensity of harmful algal blooms. These impacts present a serious danger to the $800 million dollar fishing industry in Lake Erie. | (41.49932°, -81.6943605°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 769 | City of Yokohama | 31113 | Japan | Yokohama | C40 | 2015 | Other | Serious | Current | (35.4437078°, 139.6380256°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 770 | District of Columbia | 31090 | USA | Washington DC | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Both the frequency (number of days with more than 1" and 2" of rain) and intensity (amount of precipitation during the wettest 24 hour period) of extreme precipitation events is expected to in increase in the future. | (38.9071923°, -77.0368707°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 771 | City of Lisbon | 36159 | Portugal | Lisbon | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Less serious | Current | With urbanization, hot days become more frequent, but temperatures shows visible gaps between building areas and the parks of almost 10ºC, which shows a very local phenomenon. However, it is possible to raise in the next future as a result of climate change | (38.7222524°, -9.1393366°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 772 | City of Denver | 32550 | USA | Denver | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Although not directly related to the boundaries of the City, changes in accumulaiton of snowpack and time of resulting runoff in the mountainous regions where Denver's water is derived, is a serious risk. Even with maintained levels of snow pack, changes in the timing of snow melt and/or higher spring temperatures can impact the availability of water. Low summer river flows also adversely impact water quality. | (39.737567°, -104.9847179°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 773 | Gemeente Rotterdam | 31179 | Netherlands | Rotterdam | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | Impact on navigability of river and transport to hinterland from harbour; soil subduction (peat soils) and fundaments of older houses (wooden piles) | (51.9163716°, 4.4509382°) | (52.132633°, 5.291266°) |
| 774 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Projected increases in average precipitation typically hover around 10%. At the same time, heavy storm events are expected to increase in frequency; winter precipitation is likewise expected to increase by an estimated 40%, although more of that precipitation will be rain as opposed to snow. Most of Maryland’s precipitation falls in the summer months but winter precipitation is expected to rise and the form of this precipitation is likely to be altered. While temperatures increase, more rain will fall in Maryland’s winter months, with a projected 50 percent decrease in snow volume by the end of the century, We anticipate more ice and ice storms as a result | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 775 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | According to its definition, a heat wave takes place when minimum temperatures exceed 21° C, and maximum temperatures exceed 32°C for three days, or more, in a row. An increase in the number of heat waves has taken place in the last three decades, having a negative impact on human health, especially affecting children and adults over 65 years old. At the same time, an increase on energy consumption and demand increases, causing energy shortages. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 776 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Turin | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Long-term | Fresh water lower availability for domestic/industrial uses. Water shortage. | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 777 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Short-term | Tree damage and increase in maintenance costs (ecosystems, Infrastructure) Increased property damage and from flooding, roadway damage, beach erosion, and bluff landslides (buildings, roads, transport, Port) | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 778 | City of Pittsburgh | 35877 | USA | Pittsburgh | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Long-term | Our region has a limited growing season. National drought would mean a decrease in food access and therefore increase in food cost and increase food deserts particularly during the late fall – early spring. | (40.4406248°, -79.9958864°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 779 | City of Helsinki | 8242 | Finland | Helsinki | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Less serious | Long-term | Human health | (60.1733244°, 24.9410248°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 780 | City of Helsinki | 8242 | Finland | Helsinki | 2015 | Other | Less serious | Medium-term | Water and biodiversity: Increased algae | (60.1733244°, 24.9410248°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 781 | City of Helsinki | 8242 | Finland | Helsinki | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Water: Increased risk of stormwater floods Transport, energy, communications: increased risk of interruptions of operations Land use: Planning of new areas and infill building on existing urban areas on the coast or other high risk flood areas | (60.1733244°, 24.9410248°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 782 | City of Gibraltar | 50650 | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Potential for flooding in parts of the city due to old sewer and storm drain system. | (36.1407734°, -5.3535994°) | (36.140751°, -5.353585°) | |
| 783 | City of Atlanta | 1093 | USA | Atlanta | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Short-term | Heat waves can cause heat strokes in vulnerable populations, particularly those who do not have access to air conditioning. Heat waves increase pollution levels by requiring more electricity to run air conditioning units. | (33.7489954°, -84.3879824°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 784 | Roma Capitale | 31110 | Italy | Roma | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | (41.8723889°, 12.4801802°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 785 | Ayuntamiento de San Luis Potosí | 50369 | Mexico | San Luis Potosí | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | More frequent and intense heat waves could cause more deaths by high temperatures. These conditions could also worsen the air quality problems, loss of the diversity of animal species and vegetables that modify the ecosystem. | (22.1564699°, -100.9855409°) | (23.634501°, -102.552784°) | |
| 786 | Stadt Zürich | 35449 | Switzerland | Zurich | 2015 | Other | Serious | Long-term | Due to more intense rainfalls in the future the chance of landslides, mudflows increases. | (47.3686498°, 8.5391825°) | (46.818188°, 8.227512°) | |
| 787 | Prefeitura de Sorocaba | 50383 | Brazil | Sorocaba | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Extremely serious | Medium-term | impact on agriculture, health, services and infrastructure, availability of raw materials, biodiversity | (-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 788 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | With daytime temperatures increasing, the intensity of heat waves can become more frequent and severe. With higher extreme temperatures comes the risk of dehydration, heat stroke and similar illnesses, especially during the hotter months of the year. | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 789 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Less serious | Short-term | Tree loss from drought conditions (ecosystems) Loss of plant and animal species to drought, increased spread of invasive species, population shifts due to changing habitat, and threatened survival of salmon and other endangered and critical species that occur in Seattle and in watersheds affected by City water and energy facilities (ecosystems) | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 790 | City of Chicago | 3203 | USA | Chicago | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | See response to "changes in seasonality of rainfall" for detail. | (41.8781136°, -87.6297982°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 791 | City of Yokohama | 31113 | Japan | Yokohama | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Current | Heat strokes and other damage to health, sediment disaster, flood, damage from inundation of lower levels in railway stations | (35.4437078°, 139.6380256°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) |
| 792 | Addis Ababa City Administration | 31146 | Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | water , energy , agriculture, biodiversity, human health, and tourism. | (9.0342453°, 38.7636287°) | (9.145°, 40.489673°) |
| 793 | City of Johannesburg | 31115 | South Africa | Johannesburg | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Extremely serious | Current | Already the City of Johannesburg experiences flash floods and these have caused significant damage and loss of life. | (-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 794 | City of Turku | 50154 | Finland | Turku | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Current | Power distribution faults, property damage, forest damage, traffic problems, flooding due to short term sea level variations caused by wind | (60.4518126°, 22.2666303°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 795 | Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro | 31176 | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Extremely serious | Medium-term | The Brazilian coast already presents a 4mmm/year increase in sea level. On the shore of Rio, the acceleration of the phenomenon should lead to: loss of sand on urban beaches, and changes by transposition and erosion on non-urbanized beaches. The elevation of the groundwater level should cause flooding in low lying areas with blockade of the flow of streams and rivers. It would possible occur the disruption of Restinga de Marambaia. There are tendencies of risk in the port secto, in sanitation systems, in oil pipelines and emissaries. The salt intrusion in estuaries tend to have medium to high risk, and aquifers, low risk. Concerning to the areas liable to flooding risks by rising sea level, we highlight the following results of modeling the phenomenon to the end of the century: areas affected by flooding: 68.31 to 145.19 m2; Average population to be affected (dimensions up to 1.50 m - up to 5.00 m): 80,320 to 969,526 inhabitants; public spaces rate to be affected (up to 0.40 m - up to 1.50 m): 5.21% - 10.46%. The lagoon systems should be affected as follows: Baixada de Jacarepaguá lagoons should suffer an increase in water surface area, creating new areas flooded by sea water inlet and increased groundwater; Barra da Tijuca lagoons should undergo expansion in Recreio and Vargem Grande area. The salinisation of low lying areas should lead to an ecological decharacterization. In urban drainage infrastructure, is expected to increase the restriction to flow, with loss of efficiency of the drainage system. Spots of flooding are expected to reach places not previously flooded with increasing water depths and times of permanence. In water supply and sanitation systems, the saline intrusion could affect the quality of locally extracted groundwater and depressurized distribution system. Sewage treatment plant of Pavuna, wich is in periodically flooded area, can be affected physically. The submarine emissaries of Ipanema and Barra da Tijuca can be affected with the change in the hydraulic flow. The salinity deposits of ground water should lead to the loss of quality for consumption and the reduction of agriculture in coastal areas, causing health problems and food insecurity. The damage to sanitation infrastructure should increase the environmental contamination risk. | (-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) |
| 796 | Greater Manchester | 35898 | United Kingdom | Manchester | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Localised flooding | (53.4575955°, -2.1578377°) | (55.378051°, -3.435973°) | |
| 797 | Ville de Montreal | 35894 | Canada | Montreal | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Potential health safety risk, urban flooding, damage to built infrastructure and property, reduced mobility, increased stress on the storm sewer system, urban riverbank erosion, periodic acute decrease in the quality of adjacent water bodies, and reduced soil water replenishment. | (45.5086699°, -73.5539925°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 798 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Streamflows likely to be higher in autumn, winter and early spring, and lower in late spring and summer. Possible increase in extreme flow events may impact frequency and severity of spills from hydroelectric projects and affect infrastructure (water and energy supply) | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 799 | City of Houston | 31108 | USA | Houston | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | More hot days will increase energy use in buildings and put more stress on the grid, which can be potential causes for brownouts. | (29.7601927°, -95.3693896°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 800 | District of Columbia | 31090 | USA | Washington DC | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Heat waves are expected to be hotter and last longer. During the historical period, the average heatwave lasted just under 5 days. In the future, the average length is expected to be around 6 days by the 2020s, 8 to 9.5 days by mid-century, and around 9.5 days under the lower or 12 days under the higher scenario by the 2080s. | (38.9071923°, -77.0368707°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
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Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness
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