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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales
| Row number | City Name | Account No | Country | City Short Name | C40 | Reporting Year | Effects of climate change | Magnitude | Anticipated timescale in years | Impact description | City Location | Country Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 801 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Risks: Increased financial burden, reduced accessibility, impede transport. The sea level has risen at a rate of 3.2mm per year in the last 20 years. This is due to thermal expansion of the oceans (expansion through warming) and the loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets. Whilst the City of Sydney is relatively sheltered due to our location, the structure of the harbour and the topography of the local government area, surrounding areas with coastal and estuarine features will be more exposed to ongoing sea level rise. Sea level rise on the NSW coast is expected to increase by 0.18 to 0.91m by 2100. This includes global sea level rise (0.18m to 0.59m), ice flow melt (0.2m), and effects of the East Australian Current (0.12m) (CSIRO and Bureau Meteorology 2007). For the City of Sydney the impacts are projected to be isolated to areas including; Woolloomooloo, Darling Harbour, Farm Cove, Garden Island, Alexandria canal and surrounds. Several of these involve shared jurisdiction with other agencies. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 802 | City of San Francisco | 31182 | USA | San Francisco | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Current | Impacted Sectors: Water Utility, SF Recreation and Parks. | (37.7749295°, -122.4194155°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 803 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Medium-term | The Union of Concerned Scientists estimate that the number of days over 90 degrees F will rise from the 1961-1990 average of 10 per year to 25-39 days per year by the 2040-2060 time period. The number of days over 100 degrees will also start to rise from the 1961-1990 average of 1. Coupled with higher humidity and amplified by the urban heat island effect, this will produce more frequent and more intense heat waves and threaten the health of vulnerable populations and strain energy and transportation infrastructure. | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 804 | Singapore Government | 35993 | Singapore | Singapore | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Due to the high levels of humidity in Singapore, these projected rises in temperature will lead to increasing thermal discomfort and heat stress for those working outdoors. Dengue is endemic to Singapore and the region. Although higher mean temperature and absolute humidity could result in higher dengue incidence, other factors, such as urbanisation and population increases, contribute significantly to dengue transmission. | (51.9055346°, 4.4742753°) | (1.352083°, 103.819836°) |
| 805 | Prefeitura de Florianópolis | 50384 | Brazil | Florianópolis | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Less serious | Current | Greater energy expenditure. More greenhouse gases. | (-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 806 | Cascais | 50680 | Portugal | Cascais | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | precipitation will occur more in short term events, which increase flood risk. | (38.6970565°, -9.4222945°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 807 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Serious | Short-term | The sea level rise will directly cause the Rio de la Plata level rise. As a consequence, the region and its adjacent areas would be significantly affected due to an increase in the frequency of flooding in low areas and increased erosion in some coastal areas. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 808 | City of Los Angeles | 10894 | USA | Los Angeles | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Extremely serious | Current | (34.0522342°, -118.2436849°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 809 | City of Benicia | 49787 | USA | Benicia | 2015 | Drought | Extremely serious | Current | Benicia is already experiencing the impacts of California's drought. The State Water Project (SWP) has historically supplied 75% to 85% of the City's water from the Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta and the Solano Project (SP) has supplied 15% to 25% of the City's water from Lake Berryessa. Lake Herman has historically been used as an emergency water supply and temporary storage reservoir. The City has 3,100 acre-feet of reliable water supply and has purchased water from various agencies when needed, e.g. City of Vacaville. Allocations of water from the SWP have varied from 5% to 65%. When the allocation exceeded 35%, then the City had adequate water supply. Some of the SWP and SP water that is allocated and not used can be carried over or "banked" for use in future years. Approximately 10,000 acre-feet of water has been "banked" in Lake Berryessa for use during a drought. Reservoir storage is low - Lake Oroville is at 66% of Historical Average; Lake Berryessa is at lowest in 22 years, 76% of average. | (38.049365°, -122.1585777°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 810 | City of Pittsburgh | 35877 | USA | Pittsburgh | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Long-term | Reduction of water in underground aquifers, risk of drought, increase in pest (mosquitoes, stink bugs etc.), increased illness due to heat and insect bites, and higher labor and maintenance cost to the local government to keep cooling stations open. | (40.4406248°, -79.9958864°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 811 | City of Porto | 46514 | Portugal | Porto | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Less serious | Current | Please see question 2.1 | (41.1579438°, -8.6291053°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 812 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | See More frequent droughts, below. | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 813 | City of Columbus | 43910 | USA | Columbus | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | According to the Union of Concerned Scientists July 2009 report*, Ohio is projected to have a 5-7 degree F rise in winter and a 7-9 degree F rise in summer temperatures by the end of the century. Extreme heat will be more common. *http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/global_warming/climate-change-ohio.pdf | (39.9611755°, -82.9987942°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 814 | City of Atlanta | 1093 | USA | Atlanta | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | Infectious diseases: Increasing temperatures and humidity can increase risks for mosquito borne diseases that are associated with tropical climates such as yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile Virus. | (33.7489954°, -84.3879824°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 815 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Serious | Short-term | Loss of wetlands and nearshore habitat (ecosystems) stormwater drainage infrastructure, Decreased efficacy of gravity fed storm and waste water systems in low-lying areas (waste) Increase in inundation of low-lying property and waterfront infrastructure, including the Port of Seattle (buildings, transport, roads, Port, rail) increase in combined-sewer overflow problems (waste) Salinization of groundwater Loss of shoreline habitat and decline in shellfish industry (ecosystem, aquaculture) | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 816 | City of Houston | 31108 | USA | Houston | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Hotter summers increase energy use in buildings, contribute to higher ozone levels, can be potential causes for brownouts which can lead to increased levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10, and can lead to heat-related illnesses/death. | (29.7601927°, -95.3693896°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 817 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Less serious | Current | Hotter and longer summers, are taking place. Average temperatures as well as maximum average temperatures have increased in the last decades, as a consequence, heat waves and an increase in the number of plagues are expected, having a negative effect on human health, as well as an increase on energy consumption and demand. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 818 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Medium-term | In Baltimore, tidal flooding usually occurs as a result of storm events, such as nor’easters or hurricanes. With sea levels increasing in addition to land subsidence, Baltimore is going to be more vulnerable to storm surges. | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 819 | Comune di Ferrara | 36286 | Italy | Ferrara | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | (44.8357395°, 11.6189949°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | ||
| 820 | Comune di Ferrara | 36286 | Italy | Ferrara | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Current | (44.8357395°, 11.6189949°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | ||
| 821 | City of Oslo | 14088 | Norway | Oslo | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Current | (59.9138688°, 10.7522454°) | (60.472024°, 8.468946°) | |
| 822 | City of Los Angeles | 10894 | USA | Los Angeles | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Extremely serious | Current | As the intensity of rainstorms increase and their duration shortens, snow will not be able to form, thus continuing the decrease in snow pack used for water in Los Angeles. | (34.0522342°, -118.2436849°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 823 | City of Dallas | 35860 | USA | Dallas | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Current | According to N.O.A.A., the statewide average (water equivalent) precipitation for the period of January 1 to February 28 was only 1.06 inches, more than 2 inches below normal. This was the 5th driest start to the year on record (based on data since 1895). | (32.7801399°, -96.8004511°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 824 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | The EPA predicts that hotter days will increase ground level ozone, which can produce smog and and increase in respiratory infections. They also predict an increase in fine particulate matter, which could exacerbate a host of respiratory diseases. | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 825 | City of Los Angeles | 10894 | USA | Los Angeles | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | The rainfall would be more intense and for shorter periods. This intensity would overload stormdrains and lead to flooding. | (34.0522342°, -118.2436849°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 826 | City of Stockholm | 3429 | Sweden | Stockholm | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Long-term | Buildings and biotopes close to lake shores | (59.3293235°, 18.0685808°) | (60.128161°, 18.643501°) |
| 827 | City of Denver | 32550 | USA | Denver | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | In addition to the utility and health risks listed above, urban heat island effect also has the potential to impact city infrastructure including roadways and bridges. | (39.737567°, -104.9847179°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 828 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Due to changes in ocean current and other dynamic factors, sea-level rise in Boston (and in the Northeast U.S. generally) is likely to be higher than the global average. A two-foot rise in sea level will turn the current 100-year flood into a 3-year flood. A six-foot rise in sea level, not out of the question by the end of the century, will cause regular inundation of several areas of Boston. | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 829 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | 31111 | Japan | Tokyo | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Current | -Decrease in water storage of vokume and water flow rate of river, due to decrease in snowfall and earlier start of snow melting. -Frequent drought | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 830 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Current | Extreme precipitation events, such as rainfall over 100 mm in 24 hours and rainfall over 60 mm in 1 hour, are responsible for floods in the City. As a consequence, there are human and social impacts as well as material losses, especially in spontaneous settlements near the river; sometimes including housing losses, causing the need of settlements to relocate. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 831 | Prefeitura de Sorocaba | 50383 | Brazil | Sorocaba | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Current | impact on agriculture, health, services and infrastructure, availability of raw materials, biodiversity | (-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 832 | City of Porto | 46514 | Portugal | Porto | 2015 | Other | Serious | Current | Please see question 2.1 | (41.1579438°, -8.6291053°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 833 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Short-term | An increase in frequency and intensity of large storms is expected to cause a negative impact on human health as well as socio-economic impacts, especially on low income settlements. | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 834 | City of Benicia | 49787 | USA | Benicia | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Short-term | The historic records of flooding within the downtown area indicate that sea level rise is only a part of the flood risk story. Benicia’s gravity-fed stormwater system has low-lying outfalls that are submerged during extreme high tides and storm events. When stormwater outfalls are submerged, inland rainfall is not able to drain into the Carquinez Strait. Stormwater backs up onto community streets and public spaces, where the water remains until the tides subside and the water can drain. Many of the transportation assets currently flood during extreme high tide events (in part due to local drainage issues). | (38.049365°, -122.1585777°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 835 | City of Paris | 31175 | France | Paris | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Short-term | It is projected that heatwaves will become more frequent and more intense during the 21st century: from about 1day per year at the end of the 20th century to 10 to 30 days per year by the end of the 21st century. The 2003 heatwave has seriously touched Paris, particularly in terms a decrease in thermal confort for the Parisians and of surmortality (+1,070 casualties directly due to the heat spell). Other impacts of heatwaves can concern electricity blackouts, telecommunications, biodiversity, transport system and business continuity. | (48.856614°, 2.3522219°) | (46.227638°, 2.213749°) |
| 836 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Risks: heat stress, community health, energy system strain, power disruptions, workforce productivity, behaviour change, transport disruption. Through the City's Climate Change Adaptation Plan, a review of all existing climate modelling will assist in determining the exposure for the region. Key sets of data reviewed include those held by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), NSW Office of Environment and Heritage and the Australian Government Department of Environment. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 837 | City of Edmonton | 43912 | Canada | Edmonton | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Current | If a global average temperature rise of 2 degrees centigrade materializes the frequency and intensity of storms (snow, wind, and rain) in Alberta are expected to increase. | (53.544389°, -113.4909267°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 838 | City of Chicago | 3203 | USA | Chicago | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | • Temperature: Winter could be warmer, and summer could be much warmer as compared to the 1961-1990 average. Winters in 2040, (considering high & low emission scenarios), could be 2-3° Celsius (C) warmer, and in 2070, 3-5° C warmer. Summers in 2040 could be 3-5° C warmer and in 2070, 3.5-7.5° C warmer. By 2085, there could be 450-1,200 heat-related Chicago metro-area deaths per year • Plant Hardiness Zones: The Midwest's Plant Hardiness Zones have shifted significantly and are projected to shift one-half to one full zone every 30 years. Chicago's tree species are shifting from maple, ash, and birch to oak and hickory. From 1990 to 2006, Northern Illinois shifted from Plant Hardiness Zone 5 to Zone 6, representing a 10° F range change in the lowest temperature of the year, (see http://www.globalchange.gov/images/cir/pdf/midwest.pdf). For additional details on the impacts analysis that was conducted for the Chicago Climate Action Plan, see the Chicago Climate Action Plan website at http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/pages/research___reports/48.php, and review, “Climate Change and Chicago, Projections and Potential Impacts.” | (41.8781136°, -87.6297982°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 839 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Medium-term | See More frequent heat waves, above. | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 840 | Prefeitura de Florianópolis | 50384 | Brazil | Florianópolis | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Greater energy expenditure. More greenhouse gases. | (-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 841 | Seixal | 50667 | Portugal | Seixal | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Medium-term | Dune erosion in Ponta dos Corvos | (-23.4266216°, -46.5828767°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 842 | Ayuntamiento de Madrid | 31171 | Spain | Madrid | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | It´s expected an increase of 2,5-3 º C by the year 2050. Vulnerability assesment procces is currently been carried out | (40.1076253°, -3.3875673°) | (40.463667°, -3.74922°) |
| 843 | City of Houston | 31108 | USA | Houston | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Current | More intense rainfall can increase disrupt mobility infrastructure and damage buildings and assets in the community and increase risk of a storm surge. | (29.7601927°, -95.3693896°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 844 | City of Edmonton | 43912 | Canada | Edmonton | 2015 | Drought | Less serious | Current | Municipal Population needs to conserve water | (53.544389°, -113.4909267°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 845 | Comune di Padova | 36494 | Italy | Padova | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | this impact will be studied in the context of drafting the climate adaptation plan | (45.411639°, 11.8783489°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 846 | Ville de Montreal | 35894 | Canada | Montreal | 2015 | Drought | Less serious | Current | Significant changes in city operations may be necessary, with some changes having potential benefits. Winter athletics and related industries are likely to be affected. | (45.5086699°, -73.5539925°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 847 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Current | There has been a general increase in the number of heat waves over the last 40 years. As many as 95% of summer days could reach extreme maximum temperatures by the end of the century | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 848 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Short-term | Extreme storms have increased in intensity and frequency; in the case of hurricanes, storms are less frequent, yet there has been more intensity and damage associated with each storm. Historic storms like Huuircanes Agnes and Isabel have caused great amounts of flooding and damage. | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 849 | Stadt Zürich | 35449 | Switzerland | Zurich | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Long-term | For the future, climate models indicate the increasing risk of droughts in summer: - drought causes low water, which leads to an increased concentration of pollutants in water (effect on the quality of the drinking water). - drought leads to reduced plant growth, early leaf litter, twig blight and a shortened life of plants. - drought leads to soil drying (decrease of water absorption and water storage capacity of the soil). - Maintenance and irrigation needs of the green areas will rise leading to higher costs. | (47.3686498°, 8.5391825°) | (46.818188°, 8.227512°) | |
| 850 | City of Gibraltar | 50650 | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | 2015 | Other | Less serious | Long-term | Changes in sea temperatures could negatively impact upon marine life, including that of our marine nature reserve. | (36.1407734°, -5.3535994°) | (36.140751°, -5.353585°) |
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Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness
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