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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales

Row numberCity NameAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting YearEffects of climate changeMagnitudeAnticipated timescale in yearsImpact descriptionCity LocationCountry Location
801City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousMedium-termRisks: Increased financial burden, reduced accessibility, impede transport. The sea level has risen at a rate of 3.2mm per year in the last 20 years. This is due to thermal expansion of the oceans (expansion through warming) and the loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets. Whilst the City of Sydney is relatively sheltered due to our location, the structure of the harbour and the topography of the local government area, surrounding areas with coastal and estuarine features will be more exposed to ongoing sea level rise. Sea level rise on the NSW coast is expected to increase by 0.18 to 0.91m by 2100. This includes global sea level rise (0.18m to 0.59m), ice flow melt (0.2m), and effects of the East Australian Current (0.12m) (CSIRO and Bureau Meteorology 2007). For the City of Sydney the impacts are projected to be isolated to areas including; Woolloomooloo, Darling Harbour, Farm Cove, Garden Island, Alexandria canal and surrounds. Several of these involve shared jurisdiction with other agencies.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
802City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402015DroughtSeriousCurrentImpacted Sectors: Water Utility, SF Recreation and Parks.(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
803City of Boston35268USABostonC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousMedium-termThe Union of Concerned Scientists estimate that the number of days over 90 degrees F will rise from the 1961-1990 average of 10 per year to 25-39 days per year by the 2040-2060 time period. The number of days over 100 degrees will also start to rise from the 1961-1990 average of 1. Coupled with higher humidity and amplified by the urban heat island effect, this will produce more frequent and more intense heat waves and threaten the health of vulnerable populations and strain energy and transportation infrastructure.(42.3584308°, -71.0597732°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
804Singapore Government35993SingaporeSingaporeC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentDue to the high levels of humidity in Singapore, these projected rises in temperature will lead to increasing thermal discomfort and heat stress for those working outdoors. Dengue is endemic to Singapore and the region. Although higher mean temperature and absolute humidity could result in higher dengue incidence, other factors, such as urbanisation and population increases, contribute significantly to dengue transmission.(51.9055346°, 4.4742753°)(1.352083°, 103.819836°)
805Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousCurrentGreater energy expenditure. More greenhouse gases.(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
806Cascais50680PortugalCascais2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termprecipitation will occur more in short term events, which increase flood risk.(38.6970565°, -9.4222945°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
807City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402015Sea Level RiseSeriousShort-termThe sea level rise will directly cause the Rio de la Plata level rise. As a consequence, the region and its adjacent areas would be significantly affected due to an increase in the frequency of flooding in low areas and increased erosion in some coastal areas.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
808City of Los Angeles10894USALos AngelesC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousCurrent(34.0522342°, -118.2436849°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
809City of Benicia49787USABenicia2015DroughtExtremely seriousCurrentBenicia is already experiencing the impacts of California's drought. The State Water Project (SWP) has historically supplied 75% to 85% of the City's water from the Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta and the Solano Project (SP) has supplied 15% to 25% of the City's water from Lake Berryessa. Lake Herman has historically been used as an emergency water supply and temporary storage reservoir. The City has 3,100 acre-feet of reliable water supply and has purchased water from various agencies when needed, e.g. City of Vacaville. Allocations of water from the SWP have varied from 5% to 65%. When the allocation exceeded 35%, then the City had adequate water supply. Some of the SWP and SP water that is allocated and not used can be carried over or "banked" for use in future years. Approximately 10,000 acre-feet of water has been "banked" in Lake Berryessa for use during a drought. Reservoir storage is low - Lake Oroville is at 66% of Historical Average; Lake Berryessa is at lowest in 22 years, 76% of average.(38.049365°, -122.1585777°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
810City of Pittsburgh35877USAPittsburgh2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousLong-termReduction of water in underground aquifers, risk of drought, increase in pest (mosquitoes, stink bugs etc.), increased illness due to heat and insect bites, and higher labor and maintenance cost to the local government to keep cooling stations open.(40.4406248°, -79.9958864°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
811City of Porto46514PortugalPorto2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousCurrentPlease see question 2.1(41.1579438°, -8.6291053°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
812City of Boston35268USABostonC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termSee More frequent droughts, below.(42.3584308°, -71.0597732°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
813City of Columbus43910USAColumbus2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termAccording to the Union of Concerned Scientists July 2009 report*, Ohio is projected to have a 5-7 degree F rise in winter and a 7-9 degree F rise in summer temperatures by the end of the century. Extreme heat will be more common. *http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/global_warming/climate-change-ohio.pdf(39.9611755°, -82.9987942°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
814City of Atlanta1093USAAtlanta2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termInfectious diseases: Increasing temperatures and humidity can increase risks for mosquito borne diseases that are associated with tropical climates such as yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile Virus.(33.7489954°, -84.3879824°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
815City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402015Sea Level RiseSeriousShort-termLoss of wetlands and nearshore habitat (ecosystems) stormwater drainage infrastructure, Decreased efficacy of gravity fed storm and waste water systems in low-lying areas (waste) Increase in inundation of low-lying property and waterfront infrastructure, including the Port of Seattle (buildings, transport, roads, Port, rail) increase in combined-sewer overflow problems (waste) Salinization of groundwater Loss of shoreline habitat and decline in shellfish industry (ecosystem, aquaculture)(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
816City of Houston31108USAHoustonC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentHotter summers increase energy use in buildings, contribute to higher ozone levels, can be potential causes for brownouts which can lead to increased levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10, and can lead to heat-related illnesses/death.(29.7601927°, -95.3693896°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
817City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousCurrentHotter and longer summers, are taking place. Average temperatures as well as maximum average temperatures have increased in the last decades, as a consequence, heat waves and an increase in the number of plagues are expected, having a negative effect on human health, as well as an increase on energy consumption and demand.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
818City of Baltimore35853USABaltimore2015Storms/FloodsSeriousMedium-termIn Baltimore, tidal flooding usually occurs as a result of storm events, such as nor’easters or hurricanes. With sea levels increasing in addition to land subsidence, Baltimore is going to be more vulnerable to storm surges.(39.2903848°, -76.6121893°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
819Comune di Ferrara36286ItalyFerrara2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrent(44.8357395°, 11.6189949°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
820Comune di Ferrara36286ItalyFerrara2015DroughtSeriousCurrent(44.8357395°, 11.6189949°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
821City of Oslo14088NorwayOsloC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrent(59.9138688°, 10.7522454°)(60.472024°, 8.468946°)
822City of Los Angeles10894USALos AngelesC402015DroughtExtremely seriousCurrentAs the intensity of rainstorms increase and their duration shortens, snow will not be able to form, thus continuing the decrease in snow pack used for water in Los Angeles.(34.0522342°, -118.2436849°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
823City of Dallas35860USADallas2015DroughtSeriousCurrentAccording to N.O.A.A., the statewide average (water equivalent) precipitation for the period of January 1 to February 28 was only 1.06 inches, more than 2 inches below normal. This was the 5th driest start to the year on record (based on data since 1895).(32.7801399°, -96.8004511°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
824City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentThe EPA predicts that hotter days will increase ground level ozone, which can produce smog and and increase in respiratory infections. They also predict an increase in fine particulate matter, which could exacerbate a host of respiratory diseases.(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
825City of Los Angeles10894USALos AngelesC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termThe rainfall would be more intense and for shorter periods. This intensity would overload stormdrains and lead to flooding.(34.0522342°, -118.2436849°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
826City of Stockholm3429SwedenStockholmC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousLong-termBuildings and biotopes close to lake shores(59.3293235°, 18.0685808°)(60.128161°, 18.643501°)
827City of Denver32550USADenver2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termIn addition to the utility and health risks listed above, urban heat island effect also has the potential to impact city infrastructure including roadways and bridges.(39.737567°, -104.9847179°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
828City of Boston35268USABostonC402015Sea Level RiseExtremely seriousMedium-termDue to changes in ocean current and other dynamic factors, sea-level rise in Boston (and in the Northeast U.S. generally) is likely to be higher than the global average. A two-foot rise in sea level will turn the current 100-year flood into a 3-year flood. A six-foot rise in sea level, not out of the question by the end of the century, will cause regular inundation of several areas of Boston.(42.3584308°, -71.0597732°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
829Tokyo Metropolitan Government31111JapanTokyoC402015DroughtCurrent-Decrease in water storage of vokume and water flow rate of river, due to decrease in snowfall and earlier start of snow melting. -Frequent drought(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
830City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentExtreme precipitation events, such as rainfall over 100 mm in 24 hours and rainfall over 60 mm in 1 hour, are responsible for floods in the City. As a consequence, there are human and social impacts as well as material losses, especially in spontaneous settlements near the river; sometimes including housing losses, causing the need of settlements to relocate.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
831Prefeitura de Sorocaba50383BrazilSorocaba2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousCurrentimpact on agriculture, health, services and infrastructure, availability of raw materials, biodiversity(-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
832City of Porto46514PortugalPorto2015OtherSeriousCurrentPlease see question 2.1(41.1579438°, -8.6291053°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
833City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousShort-termAn increase in frequency and intensity of large storms is expected to cause a negative impact on human health as well as socio-economic impacts, especially on low income settlements.(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
834City of Benicia49787USABenicia2015Storms/FloodsSeriousShort-termThe historic records of flooding within the downtown area indicate that sea level rise is only a part of the flood risk story. Benicia’s gravity-fed stormwater system has low-lying outfalls that are submerged during extreme high tides and storm events. When stormwater outfalls are submerged, inland rainfall is not able to drain into the Carquinez Strait. Stormwater backs up onto community streets and public spaces, where the water remains until the tides subside and the water can drain. Many of the transportation assets currently flood during extreme high tide events (in part due to local drainage issues).(38.049365°, -122.1585777°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
835City of Paris31175FranceParisC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousShort-termIt is projected that heatwaves will become more frequent and more intense during the 21st century: from about 1day per year at the end of the 20th century to 10 to 30 days per year by the end of the 21st century. The 2003 heatwave has seriously touched Paris, particularly in terms a decrease in thermal confort for the Parisians and of surmortality (+1,070 casualties directly due to the heat spell). Other impacts of heatwaves can concern electricity blackouts, telecommunications, biodiversity, transport system and business continuity.(48.856614°, 2.3522219°)(46.227638°, 2.213749°)
836City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentRisks: heat stress, community health, energy system strain, power disruptions, workforce productivity, behaviour change, transport disruption. Through the City's Climate Change Adaptation Plan, a review of all existing climate modelling will assist in determining the exposure for the region. Key sets of data reviewed include those held by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), NSW Office of Environment and Heritage and the Australian Government Department of Environment.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
837City of Edmonton43912CanadaEdmonton2015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentIf a global average temperature rise of 2 degrees centigrade materializes the frequency and intensity of storms (snow, wind, and rain) in Alberta are expected to increase.(53.544389°, -113.4909267°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
838City of Chicago3203USAChicagoC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-term• Temperature: Winter could be warmer, and summer could be much warmer as compared to the 1961-1990 average. Winters in 2040, (considering high & low emission scenarios), could be 2-3° Celsius (C) warmer, and in 2070, 3-5° C warmer. Summers in 2040 could be 3-5° C warmer and in 2070, 3.5-7.5° C warmer. By 2085, there could be 450-1,200 heat-related Chicago metro-area deaths per year • Plant Hardiness Zones: The Midwest's Plant Hardiness Zones have shifted significantly and are projected to shift one-half to one full zone every 30 years. Chicago's tree species are shifting from maple, ash, and birch to oak and hickory. From 1990 to 2006, Northern Illinois shifted from Plant Hardiness Zone 5 to Zone 6, representing a 10° F range change in the lowest temperature of the year, (see http://www.globalchange.gov/images/cir/pdf/midwest.pdf). For additional details on the impacts analysis that was conducted for the Chicago Climate Action Plan, see the Chicago Climate Action Plan website at http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/pages/research___reports/48.php, and review, “Climate Change and Chicago, Projections and Potential Impacts.”(41.8781136°, -87.6297982°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
839City of Boston35268USABostonC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousMedium-termSee More frequent heat waves, above.(42.3584308°, -71.0597732°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
840Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentGreater energy expenditure. More greenhouse gases.(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
841Seixal50667PortugalSeixal2015Storms/FloodsSeriousMedium-termDune erosion in Ponta dos Corvos(-23.4266216°, -46.5828767°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
842Ayuntamiento de Madrid31171SpainMadridC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termIt´s expected an increase of 2,5-3 º C by the year 2050. Vulnerability assesment procces is currently been carried out(40.1076253°, -3.3875673°)(40.463667°, -3.74922°)
843City of Houston31108USAHoustonC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentMore intense rainfall can increase disrupt mobility infrastructure and damage buildings and assets in the community and increase risk of a storm surge.(29.7601927°, -95.3693896°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
844City of Edmonton43912CanadaEdmonton2015DroughtLess seriousCurrentMunicipal Population needs to conserve water(53.544389°, -113.4909267°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
845Comune di Padova36494ItalyPadova2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentthis impact will be studied in the context of drafting the climate adaptation plan(45.411639°, 11.8783489°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
846Ville de Montreal35894CanadaMontreal2015DroughtLess seriousCurrentSignificant changes in city operations may be necessary, with some changes having potential benefits. Winter athletics and related industries are likely to be affected.(45.5086699°, -73.5539925°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
847City of Baltimore35853USABaltimore2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousCurrentThere has been a general increase in the number of heat waves over the last 40 years. As many as 95% of summer days could reach extreme maximum temperatures by the end of the century(39.2903848°, -76.6121893°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
848City of Baltimore35853USABaltimore2015Storms/FloodsSeriousShort-termExtreme storms have increased in intensity and frequency; in the case of hurricanes, storms are less frequent, yet there has been more intensity and damage associated with each storm. Historic storms like Huuircanes Agnes and Isabel have caused great amounts of flooding and damage.(39.2903848°, -76.6121893°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
849Stadt Zürich35449SwitzerlandZurich2015DroughtSeriousLong-termFor the future, climate models indicate the increasing risk of droughts in summer: - drought causes low water, which leads to an increased concentration of pollutants in water (effect on the quality of the drinking water). - drought leads to reduced plant growth, early leaf litter, twig blight and a shortened life of plants. - drought leads to soil drying (decrease of water absorption and water storage capacity of the soil). - Maintenance and irrigation needs of the green areas will rise leading to higher costs.(47.3686498°, 8.5391825°)(46.818188°, 8.227512°)
850City of Gibraltar50650GibraltarGibraltar2015OtherLess seriousLong-termChanges in sea temperatures could negatively impact upon marine life, including that of our marine nature reserve.(36.1407734°, -5.3535994°)(36.140751°, -5.353585°)

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created Jun 7 2016

updated Oct 4 2018

Description

Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness

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