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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales

Row numberCity NameAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting YearEffects of climate changeMagnitudeAnticipated timescale in yearsImpact descriptionCity LocationCountry Location
851Tokyo Metropolitan Government31111JapanTokyoC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallCurrent-Increase in frequency of flood due to increase in number of heavy rain days in summer season, and increase in frequency of turbid water. -Increase in chemical consumption in the water supply service.(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
852Comune di Piacenza36495ItalyPiacenza2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-term(45.0519969°, 9.6926451°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
853City of Helsinki8242FinlandHelsinki2015Storms/FloodsLess seriousMedium-termBuildings: Need for new building instructions and materials Water: Increased risk of stormwater floods Transport, energy, communications: increased risk of interruptions of operations Land use: Planning of new areas and infill building on existing urban areas on the coast or other high risk flood areas(60.1733244°, 24.9410248°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
854City of Toronto31117CanadaTorontoC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentImpacts on the following sectors: Human Health (5 fold increase of smog and heat waves in the next 30 years), Water, Transport (road damages, disruption to transit), Energy, Planning, Buildings (premature aging of building components), Housing, and Shelter, Parks, Forestry & Recreation, Police, and Emergency Services (possible power failure to telecom equipment)(43.653226°, -79.3831843°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
855City of Durban35863South AfricaDurbanC402015Sea Level RiseSeriousLong-termUncertainty of degree of sea level rise along the Durban coastline. Need for coastal retreat and other measures to protect coastline from storm surge e.g. dune development. Much of the city’s water supply and treatment works are situated beyond the likely reach, so not much effect upon water, but a major sewerage pumping station is likely to be affected, so plans are being made for retreat. Low lying coastal roads and bridges under threat example of recent damage: during 2007 major coastal infrastructure damage caused an estimated $ 34 million worth of damage. There are two desalination plants planned for the production of water in Durban in the near future, these could be affected. SLR is not expected to have much impact on human health, more like to impact upon infrastructure(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
856City of Toronto31117CanadaTorontoC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentSame as hotter summers, but impacts will be more acute. Key concern is power outages due to stress on aging equipment, especially transformers. Power outages are a major concern because it runs air conditioning. Toronto has a lot of high rise apartments and lower income apartments where more vulnerable people live and who do not have air conditioning, so they will feel affects of heat stress. Power outages will be a big problem with elevators and water supply (above 7th floor) and refrigerators not working.(43.653226°, -79.3831843°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
857Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas31159VenezuelaCaracasC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termIncrease in the rate of growth of energy demand by increased air conditioning use, higher likelihood of forest fires, increased heat stress in the elderly and people suffering from high blood pressure, increased incidence of dengue and chikunguya fever.(10.4696404°, -66.8037185°)(6.42375°, -66.58973°)
858Comune di Padova36494ItalyPadova2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentthis impact will be studied in the context of drafting the climate adaptation plan(45.411639°, 11.8783489°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
859City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentHotter summers could mean average temperatures rising above current summertime averages, which may cause increased stress on building air conditioning and electricity transmission systems. More days with above average temperatures, contributing to a hotter summer could also impact emergency services.(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
860City of Copenhagen31009DenmarkCopenhagenC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termBuildings, Water, wastewater and infrastructure(55.6760968°, 12.5683371°)(56.26392°, 9.501785°)
861Comune di Piacenza36495ItalyPiacenza2015DroughtSeriousCurrent(45.0519969°, 9.6926451°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
862City of Pittsburgh35877USAPittsburgh2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentInfrastructure degradation(40.4406248°, -79.9958864°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
863Comune di Venezia36254ItalyVeniceC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousCurrentMore intense rainfall are being experienced in the whole Venice Region, and it has become systematic to have hydraulic problems during the main rain season (normally november). During the year 2007 the mainland of Venice has undergone a big flooding precipitations so intense as to locally exceed 100mm per hour and 200mm in 3 hours. The intensity of precipitations has led to widespread flooding with reported damages for as much as almost 50 M€ and over 6.000 assistance request from single citizens. during a check of the weather data performed in 2014 we highlighted as a type of rainfall more intense and dangerous has become more familiar to our region, and this is in agreement with what is identified by some IPCC projections.(45.4332515°, 12.3210704°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
864Stadt Zürich35449SwitzerlandZurich2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousLong-termHeat waves are referred to longer periods of time, when the air temperature is above 30°C and no rain fall is taking place. In the future heat waves will increase in frequenzy, intensity and lengh especially in summer time. At the end of this century, every summer will be at least as warm as the "extreme summer 2003". Even in winter time heat waves are prognosed.(47.3686498°, 8.5391825°)(46.818188°, 8.227512°)
865City of Boston35268USABostonC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termAlthough total annual precipitation is probably going to increase slightly with climate change, this precipitation is likely going to come in larger, less frequent storms. As a result, inland flooding from intense precipitation due to limited capacity of urban streams and the storm water system are likely to increase. Conversely, summer is likely to see more and longer periods of little or no rainfall, with accompanying damage to urban green spaces.(42.3584308°, -71.0597732°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
866Suwon city44185South KoreaSuwon2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termRisk of submersion and infrastructure vulnerability Damae or overload on drainage system(37.2635727°, 127.0286009°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
867Fafe50671PortugalFafe2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-term(41.4508217°, -8.1728619°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
868City of Benicia49787USABenicia2015Sea Level RiseSeriousMedium-term-515 homes are projected to be in the 2100 sea level rise inundation zone (60” total water level). -Commercial centers (e.g., downtown 1st street, the port, portions of the Benicia Industrial Park) are projected to be inundated on a daily basis by the end of the century. They will be impacted by storm events within the mid-century time frame. City services (e.g., fire, police, and community center) are not projected to be exposed to sea level rise and storm surge. All transportation assets covered by this assessment are projected to be partially exposed to daily inundation by mid-century.(38.049365°, -122.1585777°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
869Comune di Torino35886ItalyTurin2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termIncrease ozone pollution and consequent increase of cardio-respiratory disease due to high concentration of ground level ozone. General air quality worsening.Lowering the quality of life and individuals well-being during summer in urban context.(45.1006374°, 7.6680046°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
870Comune di Torino35886ItalyTurin2015Frequent/Intense RainfallPossible increase of landslides and slope instability phenomena.Flash-flood frequency increase.(45.1006374°, 7.6680046°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
871City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termIncrease in road buckling from heat stress and stress on bridges from heat expansion (transport, roads) Increase in demand on electricity load and cooling demand (energy) Increase in stress to urban forest (ecosystems) Increase in spread of invasive species and disease vectors (ecosystems, human health) Increase in demand for cooling centers (Human health) Loss of plant and animal species to drought, increased spread of invasive species, large population shifts due to changing habitat, and possible threatened survival of some endangered and critical species that occur in Seattle and in watersheds affected by City water and energy facilities (ecosystems)(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
872City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentRisks: heat stress, community health, energy system strain, power disruptions, workforce productivity, behaviour change, transport disruption. The CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology's 2013 and 2014 State of the Climate Reports suggest that Australian temperatures are projected to continue to increase, with more extremely hot days and fewer extremely cool days. The 2014 Report shows that Australia's climate has warmed by 0.9 degrees C since 1910. Primary anticipated effects of climate change for the City are increases in temperature, increased rainfall and sea level rise. Our Climate Change Adaptation Plan will provide more information on the expected effects of these changes, and anticipated timescales.(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
873Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentFalling trees, with possible blocking streets and damage to human life; falls of suspended equipment, such as roofs, water tanks slabs, antennas etc; damage to the power grid by cable detachment, wiring etc.(-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
874Seoul Metropolitan Government31187South KoreaSeoulC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentSpike of electricity demand for cooling(37.566535°, 126.9779692°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
875City of Durban35863South AfricaDurbanC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallExtremely seriousMedium-termImplications for building damage, flooding of housing, so need to improve quality of building and location of housing (e.g. increase the height of the 100 year flood line, review modelling that informs spatial planning, potential increase in available water for storage in dams, but increased erosion likely to increase sedimentation of dams, possible impacts from overload of wastewater treatments may impact upon water quality. Low lying bridges at risk, general increase of risk to transport industry during intense storm events, power supply stations at risk, but possible benefits if increased storm energy can be harnessed, communications at risk e.g. from lighting strikes, obvious impacts on human health from flooding e.g. outbreaks of cholera and other water-borne diseases, especially when wastewater treatment works fail. Large impacts upon insurance industry, increased need for risk planning and reaction.(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
876Wellington City Council43937New ZealandWellington2015OtherLess seriousMedium-term- changes to habitat distributions of marine life(-41.2864603°, 174.776236°)(-40.900557°, 174.885971°)
877Comune di Bologna36274ItalyBologna2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousCurrentGiven the geographical and topographical conditions of the urban area of Bologna, the change expected will increase the hilly territory’s vulnerability and that of the urban water systems, as well as aggravating the risk of floods and landslides, an already present danger in the area. One negative factor which determines the fragility of the urban system is the inadequate water response of more than 50% of the territory, particularly in areas where urbanised surfaces prevail or where there are many waterproof surfaces, which prevent rain from penetrating the soil. On the other hand, the historical structure of the city drainage network offers good protection against the risk of floods in large parts of the urbanised area.(44.4856087°, 11.3547975°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
878City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentRisks: Community health impacts, disruption and reduced productivity, regional impacts. Extreme fire weather has increased and the bushfire season has become longer. This has been exacerbated by a decrease in rainfall across south eastern Australia. This has a number of potential impacts for the City of Sydney including; air pollution and related health impacts, service disruption and workforce productivity(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
879City of Lisbon36159PortugalLisbon2015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentIt's expected an increase of frequency of extreme events with rainfall and strong winds.(38.7222524°, -9.1393366°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
880City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousShort-termLas Vegas is located within the arid Mojave Desert where temperatures regularly exceed 100 degrees in the summer, where annual rainfall of approximately 4 inches per year, and average temperatures are projected to rise 5° to 8° F by the year 2100. Temperatures in the Las Vegas Valley have reached a record of 118 during summer months and average in the 100's. With higher extreme temperatures comes the risk of dehydration, heat stroke and similar illnesses, especially during the hotter months of the year. Prolonged periods of summer high temperatures will also affect the amount of energy used to cool buildings in the summer.(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
881City of Cleveland35859USACleveland2015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentFrom the 1961-1990 period to the 1981-2010 period, the amount of precipitation falling during the heaviest 1% of precipitation events increased by 22.2%. This pattern is expected to lead to more frequent flooding, increasing infrastructure damage, and impacts on human health. Such heavy downpours can overload water treatment facilities, leading to more combined sewer overflow events that increase the risk of water-borne diseases, which thrive in warmer temperatures, and more water advisory days.(41.49932°, -81.6943605°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
882Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402015Sea Level RiseSeriousLong-termInland urban area from 2100(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
883City of Vancouver20113CanadaVancouverC402015DroughtLess seriousMedium-termReduced winter snowpack and earlier snowmelt could lead to low water levels in the region’s drinking water reservoirs and water supply shortages in late summer.(49.261226°, -123.1139268°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
884City of Gibraltar50650GibraltarGibraltar2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousMedium-termGreater use of air conditioning, leading to greater demand for electricity production with associated effects, e.g. more emissions.(36.1407734°, -5.3535994°)(36.140751°, -5.353585°)
885City of St Louis35393USASt. Louis2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrent(38.6270025°, -90.1994042°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
886Comune di Torino35886ItalyTurin2015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousShort-termGeneral unpreparedness and discomfort for transportation, business and social activities.(45.1006374°, 7.6680046°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
887Bornova Municipality44132TurkeyBornova2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrent(35.2141598°, 33.2947541°)(38.963745°, 35.243322°)
888Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region31169Hong KongHong KongC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesLess seriousCurrent► Biodiversity and Nature Conservation: Change in species distribution patterns due to increase in surface temperatures ► Energy supply: Increased demand from air conditioning and refrigeration due to increase in surface temperatures ► Food resources: Rise in temperature and increased incidence of pests and diseases elsewhere affecting poultry and livestock species and resulting in more expensive and lower availability of imports. ► Human health: Chronic health conditions such as cardio-vascular and respiratory diseases could be aggravated by rise in temperature which increases the thermal stress and raises the levels of ozone and other pollutants in the air. Changes in transmission patterns of some vector-borne infectious disease are a likely consequence of climate change. ► Water resources: Increased consumer demand for water and higher evaporation and evapotranspiration rates due to increase in surface temperatures.(22.2880809°, 114.1398015°)(22.396428°, 114.109497°)
889Comune di Bologna36274ItalyBologna2015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentUniversity of Bologna agrometeorological station has hsown the following the mean annual temperature to exhibit a significant increase during the period, up to 1.2◦C/56 years. The number of hot days (Tmax > T95, Tmax > T99) increased dramatically in the last 7 years of the data series based. Because of its location the city is suffering more and more for heat waves Exposure: HIGH Sensitivity: HIGH (population, tourism, air quality). Vulnerabilties: The city has an high percentage of old people. The central part of the city and the first belt are mostly composed of historical buildings and have a vey high population density(44.4856087°, 11.3547975°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
890City of Toronto31117CanadaTorontoC402015Storms/FloodsSeriousCurrentDamage to tree canopy. Trees fall on power lines, which results in power disruptions.(43.653226°, -79.3831843°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
891Ville de Montreal35894CanadaMontreal2015OtherLess seriousMedium-termRisk to local aquatic ecosystems.(45.5086699°, -73.5539925°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
892City of Paris31175FranceParisC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesExtremely seriousShort-termHigher risks of heatwaves, see previous lines. More use of air conditionning.(48.856614°, 2.3522219°)(46.227638°, 2.213749°)
893Prefeitura de São Paulo31184BrazilSão PauloC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentIncrease of days with temperatures above 30°C(-23.5505199°, -46.6333094°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
894City of Houston31108USAHoustonC402015Temperature Increase/HeatwavesSeriousCurrentMore frequent heatwaves increase energy use in buildings, contribute to higher ozone levels, and can lead to heat-related illnesses/death.(29.7601927°, -95.3693896°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
895Seoul Metropolitan Government31187South KoreaSeoulC402015OtherLess seriousCurrentMore contagious diseases due to higher population density(37.566535°, 126.9779692°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
896City of Goiânia42123BrazilGoiânia2015DroughtSeriousShort-termAverage reduction in annual rainfall by 2020, in Goiânia, 8.7% may cause decreased availability of water for power generation and public supply(-16.6868912°, -49.2647943°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
897Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas31159VenezuelaCaracasC402015DroughtSeriousMedium-termDecrease of potable water availability during prolonged drought. Reduction of water volume in reservoirs supplying the city. Water rationing.(10.4696404°, -66.8037185°)(6.42375°, -66.58973°)
898City of Berlin31153GermanyBerlinC402015Temperature Increase/Heatwaves(52.5200066°, 13.404954°)(51.165691°, 10.451526°)
899Prefeitura de Sorocaba50383BrazilSorocaba2015DroughtExtremely seriousCurrentimpact on agriculture, health, services and infrastructure, availability of raw materials, biodiversity(-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
900City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402015Frequent/Intense RainfallSeriousMedium-termImpacted Sectors: Water Utility, Wastewater Utility, SF Recreation and Parks.(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)

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created Jun 7 2016

updated Oct 4 2018

Description

Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness

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