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2015 - Cities Risks And Timescales
| Row number | City Name | Account No | Country | City Short Name | C40 | Reporting Year | Effects of climate change | Magnitude | Anticipated timescale in years | Impact description | City Location | Country Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 851 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | 31111 | Japan | Tokyo | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Current | -Increase in frequency of flood due to increase in number of heavy rain days in summer season, and increase in frequency of turbid water. -Increase in chemical consumption in the water supply service. | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 852 | Comune di Piacenza | 36495 | Italy | Piacenza | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | (45.0519969°, 9.6926451°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | ||
| 853 | City of Helsinki | 8242 | Finland | Helsinki | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Less serious | Medium-term | Buildings: Need for new building instructions and materials Water: Increased risk of stormwater floods Transport, energy, communications: increased risk of interruptions of operations Land use: Planning of new areas and infill building on existing urban areas on the coast or other high risk flood areas | (60.1733244°, 24.9410248°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 854 | City of Toronto | 31117 | Canada | Toronto | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Impacts on the following sectors: Human Health (5 fold increase of smog and heat waves in the next 30 years), Water, Transport (road damages, disruption to transit), Energy, Planning, Buildings (premature aging of building components), Housing, and Shelter, Parks, Forestry & Recreation, Police, and Emergency Services (possible power failure to telecom equipment) | (43.653226°, -79.3831843°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 855 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Serious | Long-term | Uncertainty of degree of sea level rise along the Durban coastline. Need for coastal retreat and other measures to protect coastline from storm surge e.g. dune development. Much of the city’s water supply and treatment works are situated beyond the likely reach, so not much effect upon water, but a major sewerage pumping station is likely to be affected, so plans are being made for retreat. Low lying coastal roads and bridges under threat example of recent damage: during 2007 major coastal infrastructure damage caused an estimated $ 34 million worth of damage. There are two desalination plants planned for the production of water in Durban in the near future, these could be affected. SLR is not expected to have much impact on human health, more like to impact upon infrastructure | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 856 | City of Toronto | 31117 | Canada | Toronto | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Same as hotter summers, but impacts will be more acute. Key concern is power outages due to stress on aging equipment, especially transformers. Power outages are a major concern because it runs air conditioning. Toronto has a lot of high rise apartments and lower income apartments where more vulnerable people live and who do not have air conditioning, so they will feel affects of heat stress. Power outages will be a big problem with elevators and water supply (above 7th floor) and refrigerators not working. | (43.653226°, -79.3831843°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 857 | Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas | 31159 | Venezuela | Caracas | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | Increase in the rate of growth of energy demand by increased air conditioning use, higher likelihood of forest fires, increased heat stress in the elderly and people suffering from high blood pressure, increased incidence of dengue and chikunguya fever. | (10.4696404°, -66.8037185°) | (6.42375°, -66.58973°) |
| 858 | Comune di Padova | 36494 | Italy | Padova | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Current | this impact will be studied in the context of drafting the climate adaptation plan | (45.411639°, 11.8783489°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 859 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Hotter summers could mean average temperatures rising above current summertime averages, which may cause increased stress on building air conditioning and electricity transmission systems. More days with above average temperatures, contributing to a hotter summer could also impact emergency services. | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 860 | City of Copenhagen | 31009 | Denmark | Copenhagen | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Buildings, Water, wastewater and infrastructure | (55.6760968°, 12.5683371°) | (56.26392°, 9.501785°) |
| 861 | Comune di Piacenza | 36495 | Italy | Piacenza | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Current | (45.0519969°, 9.6926451°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | ||
| 862 | City of Pittsburgh | 35877 | USA | Pittsburgh | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Current | Infrastructure degradation | (40.4406248°, -79.9958864°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 863 | Comune di Venezia | 36254 | Italy | Venice | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Extremely serious | Current | More intense rainfall are being experienced in the whole Venice Region, and it has become systematic to have hydraulic problems during the main rain season (normally november). During the year 2007 the mainland of Venice has undergone a big flooding precipitations so intense as to locally exceed 100mm per hour and 200mm in 3 hours. The intensity of precipitations has led to widespread flooding with reported damages for as much as almost 50 M€ and over 6.000 assistance request from single citizens. during a check of the weather data performed in 2014 we highlighted as a type of rainfall more intense and dangerous has become more familiar to our region, and this is in agreement with what is identified by some IPCC projections. | (45.4332515°, 12.3210704°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) |
| 864 | Stadt Zürich | 35449 | Switzerland | Zurich | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Long-term | Heat waves are referred to longer periods of time, when the air temperature is above 30°C and no rain fall is taking place. In the future heat waves will increase in frequenzy, intensity and lengh especially in summer time. At the end of this century, every summer will be at least as warm as the "extreme summer 2003". Even in winter time heat waves are prognosed. | (47.3686498°, 8.5391825°) | (46.818188°, 8.227512°) | |
| 865 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | Although total annual precipitation is probably going to increase slightly with climate change, this precipitation is likely going to come in larger, less frequent storms. As a result, inland flooding from intense precipitation due to limited capacity of urban streams and the storm water system are likely to increase. Conversely, summer is likely to see more and longer periods of little or no rainfall, with accompanying damage to urban green spaces. | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 866 | Suwon city | 44185 | South Korea | Suwon | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | Risk of submersion and infrastructure vulnerability Damae or overload on drainage system | (37.2635727°, 127.0286009°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | |
| 867 | Fafe | 50671 | Portugal | Fafe | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | (41.4508217°, -8.1728619°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | ||
| 868 | City of Benicia | 49787 | USA | Benicia | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Serious | Medium-term | -515 homes are projected to be in the 2100 sea level rise inundation zone (60” total water level). -Commercial centers (e.g., downtown 1st street, the port, portions of the Benicia Industrial Park) are projected to be inundated on a daily basis by the end of the century. They will be impacted by storm events within the mid-century time frame. City services (e.g., fire, police, and community center) are not projected to be exposed to sea level rise and storm surge. All transportation assets covered by this assessment are projected to be partially exposed to daily inundation by mid-century. | (38.049365°, -122.1585777°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 869 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Turin | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | Increase ozone pollution and consequent increase of cardio-respiratory disease due to high concentration of ground level ozone. General air quality worsening.Lowering the quality of life and individuals well-being during summer in urban context. | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 870 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Turin | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Possible increase of landslides and slope instability phenomena.Flash-flood frequency increase. | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |||
| 871 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | Increase in road buckling from heat stress and stress on bridges from heat expansion (transport, roads) Increase in demand on electricity load and cooling demand (energy) Increase in stress to urban forest (ecosystems) Increase in spread of invasive species and disease vectors (ecosystems, human health) Increase in demand for cooling centers (Human health) Loss of plant and animal species to drought, increased spread of invasive species, large population shifts due to changing habitat, and possible threatened survival of some endangered and critical species that occur in Seattle and in watersheds affected by City water and energy facilities (ecosystems) | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 872 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Risks: heat stress, community health, energy system strain, power disruptions, workforce productivity, behaviour change, transport disruption. The CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology's 2013 and 2014 State of the Climate Reports suggest that Australian temperatures are projected to continue to increase, with more extremely hot days and fewer extremely cool days. The 2014 Report shows that Australia's climate has warmed by 0.9 degrees C since 1910. Primary anticipated effects of climate change for the City are increases in temperature, increased rainfall and sea level rise. Our Climate Change Adaptation Plan will provide more information on the expected effects of these changes, and anticipated timescales. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 873 | Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro | 31176 | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | C40 | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Current | Falling trees, with possible blocking streets and damage to human life; falls of suspended equipment, such as roofs, water tanks slabs, antennas etc; damage to the power grid by cable detachment, wiring etc. | (-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) |
| 874 | Seoul Metropolitan Government | 31187 | South Korea | Seoul | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Spike of electricity demand for cooling | (37.566535°, 126.9779692°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) |
| 875 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Extremely serious | Medium-term | Implications for building damage, flooding of housing, so need to improve quality of building and location of housing (e.g. increase the height of the 100 year flood line, review modelling that informs spatial planning, potential increase in available water for storage in dams, but increased erosion likely to increase sedimentation of dams, possible impacts from overload of wastewater treatments may impact upon water quality. Low lying bridges at risk, general increase of risk to transport industry during intense storm events, power supply stations at risk, but possible benefits if increased storm energy can be harnessed, communications at risk e.g. from lighting strikes, obvious impacts on human health from flooding e.g. outbreaks of cholera and other water-borne diseases, especially when wastewater treatment works fail. Large impacts upon insurance industry, increased need for risk planning and reaction. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 876 | Wellington City Council | 43937 | New Zealand | Wellington | 2015 | Other | Less serious | Medium-term | - changes to habitat distributions of marine life | (-41.2864603°, 174.776236°) | (-40.900557°, 174.885971°) | |
| 877 | Comune di Bologna | 36274 | Italy | Bologna | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Current | Given the geographical and topographical conditions of the urban area of Bologna, the change expected will increase the hilly territory’s vulnerability and that of the urban water systems, as well as aggravating the risk of floods and landslides, an already present danger in the area. One negative factor which determines the fragility of the urban system is the inadequate water response of more than 50% of the territory, particularly in areas where urbanised surfaces prevail or where there are many waterproof surfaces, which prevent rain from penetrating the soil. On the other hand, the historical structure of the city drainage network offers good protection against the risk of floods in large parts of the urbanised area. | (44.4856087°, 11.3547975°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 878 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Risks: Community health impacts, disruption and reduced productivity, regional impacts. Extreme fire weather has increased and the bushfire season has become longer. This has been exacerbated by a decrease in rainfall across south eastern Australia. This has a number of potential impacts for the City of Sydney including; air pollution and related health impacts, service disruption and workforce productivity | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 879 | City of Lisbon | 36159 | Portugal | Lisbon | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Current | It's expected an increase of frequency of extreme events with rainfall and strong winds. | (38.7222524°, -9.1393366°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 880 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Short-term | Las Vegas is located within the arid Mojave Desert where temperatures regularly exceed 100 degrees in the summer, where annual rainfall of approximately 4 inches per year, and average temperatures are projected to rise 5° to 8° F by the year 2100. Temperatures in the Las Vegas Valley have reached a record of 118 during summer months and average in the 100's. With higher extreme temperatures comes the risk of dehydration, heat stroke and similar illnesses, especially during the hotter months of the year. Prolonged periods of summer high temperatures will also affect the amount of energy used to cool buildings in the summer. | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 881 | City of Cleveland | 35859 | USA | Cleveland | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Current | From the 1961-1990 period to the 1981-2010 period, the amount of precipitation falling during the heaviest 1% of precipitation events increased by 22.2%. This pattern is expected to lead to more frequent flooding, increasing infrastructure damage, and impacts on human health. Such heavy downpours can overload water treatment facilities, leading to more combined sewer overflow events that increase the risk of water-borne diseases, which thrive in warmer temperatures, and more water advisory days. | (41.49932°, -81.6943605°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 882 | Gemeente Rotterdam | 31179 | Netherlands | Rotterdam | C40 | 2015 | Sea Level Rise | Serious | Long-term | Inland urban area from 2100 | (51.9163716°, 4.4509382°) | (52.132633°, 5.291266°) |
| 883 | City of Vancouver | 20113 | Canada | Vancouver | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Less serious | Medium-term | Reduced winter snowpack and earlier snowmelt could lead to low water levels in the region’s drinking water reservoirs and water supply shortages in late summer. | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 884 | City of Gibraltar | 50650 | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Medium-term | Greater use of air conditioning, leading to greater demand for electricity production with associated effects, e.g. more emissions. | (36.1407734°, -5.3535994°) | (36.140751°, -5.353585°) | |
| 885 | City of St Louis | 35393 | USA | St. Louis | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | (38.6270025°, -90.1994042°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 886 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Turin | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Short-term | General unpreparedness and discomfort for transportation, business and social activities. | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 887 | Bornova Municipality | 44132 | Turkey | Bornova | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | (35.2141598°, 33.2947541°) | (38.963745°, 35.243322°) | ||
| 888 | Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | 31169 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Less serious | Current | ► Biodiversity and Nature Conservation: Change in species distribution patterns due to increase in surface temperatures ► Energy supply: Increased demand from air conditioning and refrigeration due to increase in surface temperatures ► Food resources: Rise in temperature and increased incidence of pests and diseases elsewhere affecting poultry and livestock species and resulting in more expensive and lower availability of imports. ► Human health: Chronic health conditions such as cardio-vascular and respiratory diseases could be aggravated by rise in temperature which increases the thermal stress and raises the levels of ozone and other pollutants in the air. Changes in transmission patterns of some vector-borne infectious disease are a likely consequence of climate change. ► Water resources: Increased consumer demand for water and higher evaporation and evapotranspiration rates due to increase in surface temperatures. | (22.2880809°, 114.1398015°) | (22.396428°, 114.109497°) |
| 889 | Comune di Bologna | 36274 | Italy | Bologna | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | University of Bologna agrometeorological station has hsown the following the mean annual temperature to exhibit a significant increase during the period, up to 1.2◦C/56 years. The number of hot days (Tmax > T95, Tmax > T99) increased dramatically in the last 7 years of the data series based. Because of its location the city is suffering more and more for heat waves Exposure: HIGH Sensitivity: HIGH (population, tourism, air quality). Vulnerabilties: The city has an high percentage of old people. The central part of the city and the first belt are mostly composed of historical buildings and have a vey high population density | (44.4856087°, 11.3547975°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 890 | City of Toronto | 31117 | Canada | Toronto | C40 | 2015 | Storms/Floods | Serious | Current | Damage to tree canopy. Trees fall on power lines, which results in power disruptions. | (43.653226°, -79.3831843°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 891 | Ville de Montreal | 35894 | Canada | Montreal | 2015 | Other | Less serious | Medium-term | Risk to local aquatic ecosystems. | (45.5086699°, -73.5539925°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 892 | City of Paris | 31175 | France | Paris | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Extremely serious | Short-term | Higher risks of heatwaves, see previous lines. More use of air conditionning. | (48.856614°, 2.3522219°) | (46.227638°, 2.213749°) |
| 893 | Prefeitura de São Paulo | 31184 | Brazil | São Paulo | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | Increase of days with temperatures above 30°C | (-23.5505199°, -46.6333094°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) |
| 894 | City of Houston | 31108 | USA | Houston | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | Serious | Current | More frequent heatwaves increase energy use in buildings, contribute to higher ozone levels, and can lead to heat-related illnesses/death. | (29.7601927°, -95.3693896°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 895 | Seoul Metropolitan Government | 31187 | South Korea | Seoul | C40 | 2015 | Other | Less serious | Current | More contagious diseases due to higher population density | (37.566535°, 126.9779692°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) |
| 896 | City of Goiânia | 42123 | Brazil | Goiânia | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Short-term | Average reduction in annual rainfall by 2020, in Goiânia, 8.7% may cause decreased availability of water for power generation and public supply | (-16.6868912°, -49.2647943°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 897 | Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas | 31159 | Venezuela | Caracas | C40 | 2015 | Drought | Serious | Medium-term | Decrease of potable water availability during prolonged drought. Reduction of water volume in reservoirs supplying the city. Water rationing. | (10.4696404°, -66.8037185°) | (6.42375°, -66.58973°) |
| 898 | City of Berlin | 31153 | Germany | Berlin | C40 | 2015 | Temperature Increase/Heatwaves | (52.5200066°, 13.404954°) | (51.165691°, 10.451526°) | |||
| 899 | Prefeitura de Sorocaba | 50383 | Brazil | Sorocaba | 2015 | Drought | Extremely serious | Current | impact on agriculture, health, services and infrastructure, availability of raw materials, biodiversity | (-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 900 | City of San Francisco | 31182 | USA | San Francisco | C40 | 2015 | Frequent/Intense Rainfall | Serious | Medium-term | Impacted Sectors: Water Utility, Wastewater Utility, SF Recreation and Parks. | (37.7749295°, -122.4194155°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
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Description
Risks from climate change identified and reported by city governments. Includes a list of the anticipated effects of climate change, timescale, and seriousness
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