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2016 - Cities Climate Hazards

Row numberOrganisationAccount NoCountryCity Short NameC40Reporting Year Climate hazards​Magnitude of impactImpact description​a) Asset or serviceb) Asset or servicec) Asset or serviceCity LocationCountry Location
1701Ville de Montreal35894CanadaMontreal2016River floodLess seriousResidentialTransportHealth and community(45.5086699°, -73.5539925°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
1702City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402016Storm surgeSeriousTransportCommericalResidential(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1703City of Copenhagen31009DenmarkCopenhagenC402016Heat waveLess seriousThe expected temperature fluctuations in the future and the prospect of a greater number of and more intense heat waves may pose special challenges in cities, partly because of the urban heat island effect. The climate adaptation plan therefore recommends that the urban climate is borne in mind when the city is developed and modernised, and that the city’s green structures are used to prevent “heat islands” and the formation of high surface temperatures in the city. Please pay attention to the Climate Adaptation Plan page 41 ff for further information.Health and communityResidentialCommerical(55.6760968°, 12.5683371°)(56.26392°, 9.501785°)
1704City of Porto46514PortugalPorto2016Flash/surface floodLess serious1. Metro circulation conditioning flood stations; 2. Conditioning of road traffic in areas susceptible to floodingTransportCommericalResidential(41.1579438°, -8.6291053°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
1705City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2016MonsoonSeriousMonsoons generated from the Gulf of California pose many threats to the Las Vegas Valley including flash flooding due to heavy rain events; Lighting strikes that can cause damage to areas, and/or property, powerlines, as well start wildfires. Wildfires can also cause the area to flood months or even years after the fire has been contained. Although not common, death can occur from lighting strike.Emergency servicesTransportEnergy(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1706City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402016Heat waveLess seriousHealth and community(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1707Seoul Metropolitan Government31187South KoreaSeoul C402016Air-borne diseaseSeriousHealth and communityEmergency services(37.566535°, 126.9779692°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
1708Stadt Zürich35449SwitzerlandStadt Zürich2016Heat waveSeriousHeat waves are referred to longer periods of time, when the air temperature is above 30°C and no rain fall is taking place. In the future heat waves will increase in frequenzy, intensity and lengh especially in summer time. At the end of this century, every summer will be at least as warm as the "extreme summer 2003". Even in winter time heat waves are prognosed.Health and communityEnergyFood and agriculture(47.3686498°, 8.5391825°)(46.818188°, 8.227512°)
1709Comune di Venezia36254ItalyVeneziaC402016Storm surgeLess serious[sentire Umgiesser]Other(45.4332515°, 12.3210704°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
1710City of Copenhagen31009DenmarkCopenhagenC402016Rain stormExtremely seriousIn the summer of 2011, in 2014 and again in 2015, there have been torrential downpours in Copenhagen. The same picture will increasingly occur in years to come. If the projections of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) prove correct, there is a risk of the costs of damage in Copenhagen over the next 100 years totalling DKK 16 billion. This is a conservative estimate. Before the downpour in the summer of 2014, the cost of damage from extreme rainfall events already totalled DKK 6 – 9 billion over the past 6 years. There is much to suggest that the costs of damage will be higher than DKK 16 billion based on an assessment of rainfall events in recent years. (Source: ”Climate Change and Adaptation and Investment Statement” adopted by the City Council, City of Copenhagen, November 26, 2015, Danish version of the statement)ResidentialCommericalHealth and community(55.6760968°, 12.5683371°)(56.26392°, 9.501785°)
1711City of Baltimore35853USABaltimore2016Flash/surface floodExtremely seriousAverage precipitation has increased by 10% in most of Maryland. Meanwhile, intense precipitation events have increased by 20% over the last century. Most of Baltimore’s recorded floods have been the result of either flash flooding during sudden, shortlived rainstorms, or localized flooding due to poor drainage and stormwater management. In the past year alone Baltimore has experienced two massive flood events that have shut down roads, impacted small businesses, and required a large number of resourcesTransportEmergency services(39.2903848°, -76.6121893°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1712Tokyo Metropolitan Government31111JapanTokyoC402016Rain storm(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
1713Comune di Torino35886ItalyTorino2016Air-borne diseaseSeriousIncreased morbidityHealth and community(45.1006374°, 7.6680046°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
1714City of Paris31175FranceParisC402016SubsidenceLess serioussubsidence in clay prone soil areas after drought spellsResidentialTransport(48.856614°, 2.3522219°)(46.227638°, 2.213749°)
1715Bornova Municipality44132TurkeyBornova 2016Extreme hot days(35.2141598°, 33.2947541°)(38.963745°, 35.243322°)
1716City of Porto46514PortugalPorto2016River floodLess serious1. Cancellation of tours in particular the river; 2. Change in trade and restaurants of the waterfront; 3. Increased frequency of cleaning and unblocking roads and infrastructureTransportCommericalResidential(41.1579438°, -8.6291053°)(39.399872°, -8.224454°)
1717City of Helsinki8242FinlandHelsinki2016DroughtLess seriousHuman Health(60.1733244°, 24.9410248°)(61.92411°, 25.748151°)
1718City of Copenhagen31009DenmarkCopenhagenC402016Coastal floodSeriousThe costs in future storm-surge events will be so great that is of interest to look at the options for and costs of protecting the city against such events. If no form of protection facility is established, the combined costs of damage over the next 100 years will total DKK 15-20 billion at current prices. Please pay attention to Climate Adaptation Plan page 29 ff for further information.ResidentialTransportCommerical(55.6760968°, 12.5683371°)(56.26392°, 9.501785°)
1719Prefeitura de Florianópolis50384BrazilFlorianópolis2016River floodLess seriousNão há grandes rios no Município, não havendo sérios problemas de transbordamento de rios, os maiores problemas se dão principalmente devido a períodos de grande pluviosidade e maré alta.EnergyHealth and community(-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
1720City of Los Angeles10894USALos AngelesC402016Forest fireExtremely seriousWaterResidentialHealth and community(34.0522342°, -118.2436849°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1721City of Winnipeg50579CanadaCity of Winnipeg2016Extreme hot daysSeriousExtreme heat can increase the risk of other types of disasters, such as drought. High temperatures at night can be particularly damaging to agriculture.Health and communityEnergyFood and agriculture(49.8997541°, -97.1374937°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
1722City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402016Extreme hot daysSeriousExtreme heat could put strains on the energy system, simultaneously decreasing system efficiency and performance of the energy network as system operators struggle to cool down facilities, and increasing electricity consumption due to a surge in peak demand for air conditioning. As a result demand can outstrip supply causing power outages. This risk may also increase water demand for cooling towers. An increase in extreme heat could lead to power supply disruptions from programmed load shedding and heat damage to network infrastructure, causing brownouts and blackouts. This in turn reduces the reputation of the City in having a reliable power supply for its community and visitors.EnergyWaterHealth and community(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
1723City of Vancouver20113CanadaVancouverC402016Salt water intrusionLess seriousHealth and community(49.261226°, -123.1139268°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
1724City of Los Angeles10894USALos AngelesC402016Severe windSeriousEmergency servicesEnergyHealth and community(34.0522342°, -118.2436849°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1725Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro31176BrazilRio de JaneiroC402016Coastal floodSeriousThe Rio de Janeiro coast already presents a 3mm/year increase in mean sea level. The acceleration of the phenomenon should lead to: loss of sand on urban beaches, and changes by transposition and erosion on non-urbanized beaches. There are tendencies of risk in the port sector, sanitation systems, oil pipelines and emissaries. Concerning to the areas liable to flooding risks by rising sea level, we highlight the following results of modeling the phenomenon to the end of the century: areas affected by flooding: 30 (0,5m sea lever rise) to 125 km2 (1,5m sea level rise); Average population to be affected (sea level rise up to 1.50 m and up to 5.00 m): 80,320 to 969,526 inhabitants; city area rate to be affected (up to 1.50 m): 10.3%. The lagoon systems should be affected as follows: Baixada de Jacarepaguá lagoons should suffer an increase in water surface area, creating new areas flooded by sea water inlet and increased groundwater; Barra da Tijuca lagoons should undergo expansion in Recreio and Vargem Grande area. The salinisation of low lying areas should lead to an ecological decharacterization. In urban drainage infrastructure, is expected to increase the restriction to flow, with loss of efficiency of the drainage system. Spots of flooding are expected to reach places not previously flooded with increasing water depths and times of permanence. The elevation of the groundwater level should cause flooding in low lying areas with blockade of the flow of streams and rivers. It is possible to occur the disruption of Restinga de Marambaia, which protects the Sepetiba Bay from the high energy of sea waves. In water supply and sanitation systems, the saline intrusion could affect the quality of locally extracted groundwater and depressurized distribution system. Sewage treatment plant of Pavuna, which is in periodically flooded area, can be affected physically. The submarine emissaries of Ipanema and Barra da Tijuca can be affected with the change in the hydraulic flow. The damage to sanitation infrastructure should increase the environmental contamination risk. The increase in salinity in deposits of ground water should lead to the loss of quality for consumption, causing health problems. The salt intrusion in estuaries tends to have medium to high risk, and aquifers, low risk.ResidentialHealth and communityCommercial(-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°)(-14.235004°, -51.92528°)
1726City of Benicia49787USABenicia2016Storm surgeSeriousSimilar impacts to coastal flooding.TransportHealth and communityCommerical(38.049365°, -122.1585777°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1727Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas31159VenezuelaAlcaldía Metropolitana de CaracasC402016Vector-borne diseaseSeriousIncreased incidence of dengue and chikunguya fever.Health and community(10.4696404°, -66.8037185°)(6.42375°, -66.58973°)
1728City of Detroit35862USADetroit2016Extreme cold daysImpact to vulnerable populationsEnergyHealth and communityResidential(42.331427°, -83.0457538°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1729Gemeente Rotterdam31179NetherlandsRotterdamC402016Extreme hot daysSeriousimpact on public health; increased mortality; malfunctioning of bridge opening due to heat expansionEnergyWaterHealth and community(51.9163716°, 4.4509382°)(52.132633°, 5.291266°)
1730City of Durban35863South AfricaDurbanC402016DroughtSeriousWhilst Durban is relatively protected from drought compared to the rest of KZN, drought still impacts upon assurance of supply and agricultureWaterFood and agricultureResidential(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
1731City of Toronto31117CanadaTorontoC402016Insect infestationLess seriousA new infestation of the Asian long-horned beetle (ALHB) was identified in Toronto for the second time in December 2013. The forest pest poses a great risk to Toronto's hardwood and shade trees. 42 percent of shade trees in Toronto are preferred by the ALHB, specifically maple trees. As a result, the potential impact on Toronto's forest canopy is high. Hardwoods and shade trees provide shade and beauty, shelter birds and animals, help filter air pollutants, produce oxygen, and increase property values which could all be at risk as a result of the ALHB infestation. Another risk to Toronto's tree canopy is the emerald ash borer. The City of Toronto's recent tree canopy study estimates that there are 860,000 ash trees in total on public and private lands. Inspections and systematic surveys in 2008-2011 have confirmed the EAB infestation throughout most parts of the City.Food and agricultureResidential(43.653226°, -79.3831843°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
1732City of Sydney31114AustraliaSydneyC402016Extreme hot daysSeriousAn increase in extreme heat could exacerbate areas that already experience urban heat island within the City CBD leading to precincts that are too hot to utilise. Extreme heat and associated air quality impact may increase demand for refuge areas for respite putting strain on available resources. Extreme heat may accelerate the degradation of concrete structures and softening of pavements leading to rectification requirements.EnergyCommericalEmergency services(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
1733City of San Francisco31182USASan FranciscoC402016Flash/surface floodExtremely seriousTransportCommericalResidential(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1734City of Buenos Aires31155ArgentinaBuenos AiresC402016River floodExtremely seriousExtreme precipitation events, such as rainfall over 100 mm in 24 hours and rainfall over 60 mm in 1 hour, are responsible for floods in the City. As a consequence, there are human and social impacts as well as material losses, especially in spontaneous settlements near the river; sometimes including housing losses, causing the need of settlements to relocate. Regarding the evolution of the annual accumulated precipitation for the reference stations for the period 1960-2014, significant trends show an increase in the annual precipitation accumulated of about 6 mm per year, which represents an increase in annual precipitation of 20% in the 54 years analyzed. Consequences: Health problems, damage to buildings infrastructure and commercial facilities, damage to public facilities. (Schools, hospitals, etc.) Cuts or interruptions of public services such as electricity, public transportation and waste collection.Health and communityEmergency servicesTransport(-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°)(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
1735City of St Louis35393USASt Louis2016Lightning/thunderstormLess seriousClimate change will cause more extreme weather and extreme changes in temperature, such as cold waves and heat waves. With the increase in extreme weather as well as the increase in the meeting of cold and hot fronts, lightning and thunderstorms are likely to increase.ResidentialTransport(38.6270025°, -90.1994042°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1736City of Houston31108USAHoustonC402016Heat waveSeriousHeat waves increase energy use in buildings, contribute to higher ozone levels, can be potential causes for brownouts which can lead to increased levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10, and can lead to heat-related illnesses/death. Increased energy usage also means increased water usage for the energy production at power plants.EnergyHealth and communityWater(29.7601927°, -95.3693896°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1737City of Dallas35860USADallas2016DroughtSeriousWater(32.7801399°, -96.8004511°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1738City of Boston35268USABostonC402016River floodSeriousCommericalResidentialTransport(42.3584308°, -71.0597732°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1739City of Seattle16581USASeattleC402016Coastal floodSeriousSea level rise of 1 foot by 2035 and 2 feet by 2060.Health and communityTransport(47.6062095°, -122.3320708°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1740City of Baltimore35853USABaltimore2016Heat waveSeriousThere has been a general increase in the number of heat waves over the last 40 years. As many as 95% of summer days could reach extreme maximum temperatures by the end of the centuryHealth and communityResidential(39.2903848°, -76.6121893°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1741City of Benicia49787USABenicia2016DroughtSeriousReduced water supply for people and businesses, increased wildfire hazard,Health and communityWaterEmergency services(38.049365°, -122.1585777°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1742City of Los Angeles10894USALos AngelesC402016DroughtExtremely seriousWaterWaterHealth and community(34.0522342°, -118.2436849°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1743Ville de Montreal35894CanadaMontreal2016Extreme winter conditionsLess seriousEmergency servicesTransportHealth and community(45.5086699°, -73.5539925°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
1744City of Stockholm3429SwedenStockholmC402016Flash/surface floodSeriousThe Lake Mälaren is a regulated lake and the capacity of the lock is under Construction within the "Slussen" project and will be in operation in 2025. until then the risk of flooding in the region is high and could effect infrastructure and Buildings all around the lakeTransportResidentialEnergy(59.3293235°, 18.0685808°)(60.128161°, 18.643501°)
1745Greater Manchester35898United KingdomManchester2016Severe windSeriousDisruption and short term problems associated with damage to infrastructure or problems with movement (including mobilisation of emergency response). There could be risk to health due to dangers of high winds. This could be compounded by disruption to the wider energy and ICT networks. This, alongside combinations of high wind events with higher rainfall could see this hazard impact combine with more frequent and higher risk fluvial and pluvial flood risks identified above.EnergyEmergency servicesCommercial(53.4575955°, -2.1578377°)(55.378051°, -3.435973°)
1746Comune di Venezia36254ItalyVeneziaC402016Air-borne diseaseSeriousAir quality in the City of Venice is not good and this is due in large part for reasons related to the geography of the Po Valley and emissions of this whole area . In recent years several categories of doctors (among these, pediatricians) have established that there is a connection between air quality and respiratory diseases in the Venice area and across the Po Valley. The lowest number of rainfall events in winter can aggravate this phenomenon.Health and communityTransportEmergency services(45.4332515°, 12.3210704°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
1747City of Las Vegas10495USALas Vegas2016Lightning/thunderstormSeriousLighting and thunderstorms pose many threats to the Las Vegas Valley including flash flooding due to heavy rain events; Lighting strikes that can cause damage to areas, and/or property, powerlines, as well start wildfires. Wildfires can also cause the area to flood months or even years after the fire has been contained. Although not common, death can occur from lighting strike.Emergency servicesTransportEnergy(36.1699412°, -115.1398296°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1748New York City3417USANew York CityC402016Permanent inundationSeriousSome portions of the City are at risk of inundation.ResidentialHealth and communityCommerical(40.7127837°, -74.0059413°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
1749Comune di Venezia36254ItalyVeneziaC402016HailLess seriousThis phenomenon is slowly rising. In any case, there has been no experience significant impacts .TransportFood and agricultureEmergency services(45.4332515°, 12.3210704°)(41.87194°, 12.56738°)
1750City of Yokohama31113JapanYokohamaC402016LandslideSeriousCollapsion of houses Disorder of transportationResidentialTransportHealth and community(35.4437078°, 139.6380256°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)

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created Sep 26 2016

updated Oct 4 2018

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In 2016, cities reported over 2,000 climate hazards that are impacting their cities. Globally, cities are reporting that health and community will be most impacted by climate change.

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