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2016 - Cities Climate Hazards
| Row number | Organisation | Account No | Country | City Short Name | C40 | Reporting Year | Climate hazards | Magnitude of impact | Impact description | a) Asset or service | b) Asset or service | c) Asset or service | City Location | Country Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1701 | Ville de Montreal | 35894 | Canada | Montreal | 2016 | River flood | Less serious | Residential | Transport | Health and community | (45.5086699°, -73.5539925°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | ||
| 1702 | City of San Francisco | 31182 | USA | San Francisco | C40 | 2016 | Storm surge | Serious | Transport | Commerical | Residential | (37.7749295°, -122.4194155°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1703 | City of Copenhagen | 31009 | Denmark | Copenhagen | C40 | 2016 | Heat wave | Less serious | The expected temperature fluctuations in the future and the prospect of a greater number of and more intense heat waves may pose special challenges in cities, partly because of the urban heat island effect. The climate adaptation plan therefore recommends that the urban climate is borne in mind when the city is developed and modernised, and that the city’s green structures are used to prevent “heat islands” and the formation of high surface temperatures in the city. Please pay attention to the Climate Adaptation Plan page 41 ff for further information. | Health and community | Residential | Commerical | (55.6760968°, 12.5683371°) | (56.26392°, 9.501785°) |
| 1704 | City of Porto | 46514 | Portugal | Porto | 2016 | Flash/surface flood | Less serious | 1. Metro circulation conditioning flood stations; 2. Conditioning of road traffic in areas susceptible to flooding | Transport | Commerical | Residential | (41.1579438°, -8.6291053°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 1705 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2016 | Monsoon | Serious | Monsoons generated from the Gulf of California pose many threats to the Las Vegas Valley including flash flooding due to heavy rain events; Lighting strikes that can cause damage to areas, and/or property, powerlines, as well start wildfires. Wildfires can also cause the area to flood months or even years after the fire has been contained. Although not common, death can occur from lighting strike. | Emergency services | Transport | Energy | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1706 | City of San Francisco | 31182 | USA | San Francisco | C40 | 2016 | Heat wave | Less serious | Health and community | (37.7749295°, -122.4194155°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |||
| 1707 | Seoul Metropolitan Government | 31187 | South Korea | Seoul | C40 | 2016 | Air-borne disease | Serious | Health and community | Emergency services | (37.566535°, 126.9779692°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) | ||
| 1708 | Stadt Zürich | 35449 | Switzerland | Stadt Zürich | 2016 | Heat wave | Serious | Heat waves are referred to longer periods of time, when the air temperature is above 30°C and no rain fall is taking place. In the future heat waves will increase in frequenzy, intensity and lengh especially in summer time. At the end of this century, every summer will be at least as warm as the "extreme summer 2003". Even in winter time heat waves are prognosed. | Health and community | Energy | Food and agriculture | (47.3686498°, 8.5391825°) | (46.818188°, 8.227512°) | |
| 1709 | Comune di Venezia | 36254 | Italy | Venezia | C40 | 2016 | Storm surge | Less serious | [sentire Umgiesser] | Other | (45.4332515°, 12.3210704°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | ||
| 1710 | City of Copenhagen | 31009 | Denmark | Copenhagen | C40 | 2016 | Rain storm | Extremely serious | In the summer of 2011, in 2014 and again in 2015, there have been torrential downpours in Copenhagen. The same picture will increasingly occur in years to come. If the projections of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) prove correct, there is a risk of the costs of damage in Copenhagen over the next 100 years totalling DKK 16 billion. This is a conservative estimate. Before the downpour in the summer of 2014, the cost of damage from extreme rainfall events already totalled DKK 6 – 9 billion over the past 6 years. There is much to suggest that the costs of damage will be higher than DKK 16 billion based on an assessment of rainfall events in recent years. (Source: ”Climate Change and Adaptation and Investment Statement” adopted by the City Council, City of Copenhagen, November 26, 2015, Danish version of the statement) | Residential | Commerical | Health and community | (55.6760968°, 12.5683371°) | (56.26392°, 9.501785°) |
| 1711 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2016 | Flash/surface flood | Extremely serious | Average precipitation has increased by 10% in most of Maryland. Meanwhile, intense precipitation events have increased by 20% over the last century. Most of Baltimore’s recorded floods have been the result of either flash flooding during sudden, shortlived rainstorms, or localized flooding due to poor drainage and stormwater management. In the past year alone Baltimore has experienced two massive flood events that have shut down roads, impacted small businesses, and required a large number of resources | Transport | Emergency services | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 1712 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | 31111 | Japan | Tokyo | C40 | 2016 | Rain storm | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |||||
| 1713 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Torino | 2016 | Air-borne disease | Serious | Increased morbidity | Health and community | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |||
| 1714 | City of Paris | 31175 | France | Paris | C40 | 2016 | Subsidence | Less serious | subsidence in clay prone soil areas after drought spells | Residential | Transport | (48.856614°, 2.3522219°) | (46.227638°, 2.213749°) | |
| 1715 | Bornova Municipality | 44132 | Turkey | Bornova | 2016 | Extreme hot days | (35.2141598°, 33.2947541°) | (38.963745°, 35.243322°) | ||||||
| 1716 | City of Porto | 46514 | Portugal | Porto | 2016 | River flood | Less serious | 1. Cancellation of tours in particular the river; 2. Change in trade and restaurants of the waterfront; 3. Increased frequency of cleaning and unblocking roads and infrastructure | Transport | Commerical | Residential | (41.1579438°, -8.6291053°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 1717 | City of Helsinki | 8242 | Finland | Helsinki | 2016 | Drought | Less serious | Human Health | (60.1733244°, 24.9410248°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | ||||
| 1718 | City of Copenhagen | 31009 | Denmark | Copenhagen | C40 | 2016 | Coastal flood | Serious | The costs in future storm-surge events will be so great that is of interest to look at the options for and costs of protecting the city against such events. If no form of protection facility is established, the combined costs of damage over the next 100 years will total DKK 15-20 billion at current prices. Please pay attention to Climate Adaptation Plan page 29 ff for further information. | Residential | Transport | Commerical | (55.6760968°, 12.5683371°) | (56.26392°, 9.501785°) |
| 1719 | Prefeitura de Florianópolis | 50384 | Brazil | Florianópolis | 2016 | River flood | Less serious | Não há grandes rios no Município, não havendo sérios problemas de transbordamento de rios, os maiores problemas se dão principalmente devido a períodos de grande pluviosidade e maré alta. | Energy | Health and community | (-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | ||
| 1720 | City of Los Angeles | 10894 | USA | Los Angeles | C40 | 2016 | Forest fire | Extremely serious | Water | Residential | Health and community | (34.0522342°, -118.2436849°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1721 | City of Winnipeg | 50579 | Canada | City of Winnipeg | 2016 | Extreme hot days | Serious | Extreme heat can increase the risk of other types of disasters, such as drought. High temperatures at night can be particularly damaging to agriculture. | Health and community | Energy | Food and agriculture | (49.8997541°, -97.1374937°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 1722 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2016 | Extreme hot days | Serious | Extreme heat could put strains on the energy system, simultaneously decreasing system efficiency and performance of the energy network as system operators struggle to cool down facilities, and increasing electricity consumption due to a surge in peak demand for air conditioning. As a result demand can outstrip supply causing power outages. This risk may also increase water demand for cooling towers. An increase in extreme heat could lead to power supply disruptions from programmed load shedding and heat damage to network infrastructure, causing brownouts and blackouts. This in turn reduces the reputation of the City in having a reliable power supply for its community and visitors. | Energy | Water | Health and community | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 1723 | City of Vancouver | 20113 | Canada | Vancouver | C40 | 2016 | Salt water intrusion | Less serious | Health and community | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |||
| 1724 | City of Los Angeles | 10894 | USA | Los Angeles | C40 | 2016 | Severe wind | Serious | Emergency services | Energy | Health and community | (34.0522342°, -118.2436849°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1725 | Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro | 31176 | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | C40 | 2016 | Coastal flood | Serious | The Rio de Janeiro coast already presents a 3mm/year increase in mean sea level. The acceleration of the phenomenon should lead to: loss of sand on urban beaches, and changes by transposition and erosion on non-urbanized beaches. There are tendencies of risk in the port sector, sanitation systems, oil pipelines and emissaries. Concerning to the areas liable to flooding risks by rising sea level, we highlight the following results of modeling the phenomenon to the end of the century: areas affected by flooding: 30 (0,5m sea lever rise) to 125 km2 (1,5m sea level rise); Average population to be affected (sea level rise up to 1.50 m and up to 5.00 m): 80,320 to 969,526 inhabitants; city area rate to be affected (up to 1.50 m): 10.3%. The lagoon systems should be affected as follows: Baixada de Jacarepaguá lagoons should suffer an increase in water surface area, creating new areas flooded by sea water inlet and increased groundwater; Barra da Tijuca lagoons should undergo expansion in Recreio and Vargem Grande area. The salinisation of low lying areas should lead to an ecological decharacterization. In urban drainage infrastructure, is expected to increase the restriction to flow, with loss of efficiency of the drainage system. Spots of flooding are expected to reach places not previously flooded with increasing water depths and times of permanence. The elevation of the groundwater level should cause flooding in low lying areas with blockade of the flow of streams and rivers. It is possible to occur the disruption of Restinga de Marambaia, which protects the Sepetiba Bay from the high energy of sea waves. In water supply and sanitation systems, the saline intrusion could affect the quality of locally extracted groundwater and depressurized distribution system. Sewage treatment plant of Pavuna, which is in periodically flooded area, can be affected physically. The submarine emissaries of Ipanema and Barra da Tijuca can be affected with the change in the hydraulic flow. The damage to sanitation infrastructure should increase the environmental contamination risk. The increase in salinity in deposits of ground water should lead to the loss of quality for consumption, causing health problems. The salt intrusion in estuaries tends to have medium to high risk, and aquifers, low risk. | Residential | Health and community | Commercial | (-22.9054389°, -43.5614471°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) |
| 1726 | City of Benicia | 49787 | USA | Benicia | 2016 | Storm surge | Serious | Similar impacts to coastal flooding. | Transport | Health and community | Commerical | (38.049365°, -122.1585777°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1727 | Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas | 31159 | Venezuela | Alcaldía Metropolitana de Caracas | C40 | 2016 | Vector-borne disease | Serious | Increased incidence of dengue and chikunguya fever. | Health and community | (10.4696404°, -66.8037185°) | (6.42375°, -66.58973°) | ||
| 1728 | City of Detroit | 35862 | USA | Detroit | 2016 | Extreme cold days | Impact to vulnerable populations | Energy | Health and community | Residential | (42.331427°, -83.0457538°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 1729 | Gemeente Rotterdam | 31179 | Netherlands | Rotterdam | C40 | 2016 | Extreme hot days | Serious | impact on public health; increased mortality; malfunctioning of bridge opening due to heat expansion | Energy | Water | Health and community | (51.9163716°, 4.4509382°) | (52.132633°, 5.291266°) |
| 1730 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | C40 | 2016 | Drought | Serious | Whilst Durban is relatively protected from drought compared to the rest of KZN, drought still impacts upon assurance of supply and agriculture | Water | Food and agriculture | Residential | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 1731 | City of Toronto | 31117 | Canada | Toronto | C40 | 2016 | Insect infestation | Less serious | A new infestation of the Asian long-horned beetle (ALHB) was identified in Toronto for the second time in December 2013. The forest pest poses a great risk to Toronto's hardwood and shade trees. 42 percent of shade trees in Toronto are preferred by the ALHB, specifically maple trees. As a result, the potential impact on Toronto's forest canopy is high. Hardwoods and shade trees provide shade and beauty, shelter birds and animals, help filter air pollutants, produce oxygen, and increase property values which could all be at risk as a result of the ALHB infestation. Another risk to Toronto's tree canopy is the emerald ash borer. The City of Toronto's recent tree canopy study estimates that there are 860,000 ash trees in total on public and private lands. Inspections and systematic surveys in 2008-2011 have confirmed the EAB infestation throughout most parts of the City. | Food and agriculture | Residential | (43.653226°, -79.3831843°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 1732 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2016 | Extreme hot days | Serious | An increase in extreme heat could exacerbate areas that already experience urban heat island within the City CBD leading to precincts that are too hot to utilise. Extreme heat and associated air quality impact may increase demand for refuge areas for respite putting strain on available resources. Extreme heat may accelerate the degradation of concrete structures and softening of pavements leading to rectification requirements. | Energy | Commerical | Emergency services | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 1733 | City of San Francisco | 31182 | USA | San Francisco | C40 | 2016 | Flash/surface flood | Extremely serious | Transport | Commerical | Residential | (37.7749295°, -122.4194155°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1734 | City of Buenos Aires | 31155 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | C40 | 2016 | River flood | Extremely serious | Extreme precipitation events, such as rainfall over 100 mm in 24 hours and rainfall over 60 mm in 1 hour, are responsible for floods in the City. As a consequence, there are human and social impacts as well as material losses, especially in spontaneous settlements near the river; sometimes including housing losses, causing the need of settlements to relocate. Regarding the evolution of the annual accumulated precipitation for the reference stations for the period 1960-2014, significant trends show an increase in the annual precipitation accumulated of about 6 mm per year, which represents an increase in annual precipitation of 20% in the 54 years analyzed. Consequences: Health problems, damage to buildings infrastructure and commercial facilities, damage to public facilities. (Schools, hospitals, etc.) Cuts or interruptions of public services such as electricity, public transportation and waste collection. | Health and community | Emergency services | Transport | (-34.6037232°, -58.3815931°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) |
| 1735 | City of St Louis | 35393 | USA | St Louis | 2016 | Lightning/thunderstorm | Less serious | Climate change will cause more extreme weather and extreme changes in temperature, such as cold waves and heat waves. With the increase in extreme weather as well as the increase in the meeting of cold and hot fronts, lightning and thunderstorms are likely to increase. | Residential | Transport | (38.6270025°, -90.1994042°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 1736 | City of Houston | 31108 | USA | Houston | C40 | 2016 | Heat wave | Serious | Heat waves increase energy use in buildings, contribute to higher ozone levels, can be potential causes for brownouts which can lead to increased levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10, and can lead to heat-related illnesses/death. Increased energy usage also means increased water usage for the energy production at power plants. | Energy | Health and community | Water | (29.7601927°, -95.3693896°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 1737 | City of Dallas | 35860 | USA | Dallas | 2016 | Drought | Serious | Water | (32.7801399°, -96.8004511°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||||
| 1738 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2016 | River flood | Serious | Commerical | Residential | Transport | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1739 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2016 | Coastal flood | Serious | Sea level rise of 1 foot by 2035 and 2 feet by 2060. | Health and community | Transport | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1740 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2016 | Heat wave | Serious | There has been a general increase in the number of heat waves over the last 40 years. As many as 95% of summer days could reach extreme maximum temperatures by the end of the century | Health and community | Residential | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | ||
| 1741 | City of Benicia | 49787 | USA | Benicia | 2016 | Drought | Serious | Reduced water supply for people and businesses, increased wildfire hazard, | Health and community | Water | Emergency services | (38.049365°, -122.1585777°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1742 | City of Los Angeles | 10894 | USA | Los Angeles | C40 | 2016 | Drought | Extremely serious | Water | Water | Health and community | (34.0522342°, -118.2436849°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1743 | Ville de Montreal | 35894 | Canada | Montreal | 2016 | Extreme winter conditions | Less serious | Emergency services | Transport | Health and community | (45.5086699°, -73.5539925°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | ||
| 1744 | City of Stockholm | 3429 | Sweden | Stockholm | C40 | 2016 | Flash/surface flood | Serious | The Lake Mälaren is a regulated lake and the capacity of the lock is under Construction within the "Slussen" project and will be in operation in 2025. until then the risk of flooding in the region is high and could effect infrastructure and Buildings all around the lake | Transport | Residential | Energy | (59.3293235°, 18.0685808°) | (60.128161°, 18.643501°) |
| 1745 | Greater Manchester | 35898 | United Kingdom | Manchester | 2016 | Severe wind | Serious | Disruption and short term problems associated with damage to infrastructure or problems with movement (including mobilisation of emergency response). There could be risk to health due to dangers of high winds. This could be compounded by disruption to the wider energy and ICT networks. This, alongside combinations of high wind events with higher rainfall could see this hazard impact combine with more frequent and higher risk fluvial and pluvial flood risks identified above. | Energy | Emergency services | Commercial | (53.4575955°, -2.1578377°) | (55.378051°, -3.435973°) | |
| 1746 | Comune di Venezia | 36254 | Italy | Venezia | C40 | 2016 | Air-borne disease | Serious | Air quality in the City of Venice is not good and this is due in large part for reasons related to the geography of the Po Valley and emissions of this whole area . In recent years several categories of doctors (among these, pediatricians) have established that there is a connection between air quality and respiratory diseases in the Venice area and across the Po Valley. The lowest number of rainfall events in winter can aggravate this phenomenon. | Health and community | Transport | Emergency services | (45.4332515°, 12.3210704°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) |
| 1747 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2016 | Lightning/thunderstorm | Serious | Lighting and thunderstorms pose many threats to the Las Vegas Valley including flash flooding due to heavy rain events; Lighting strikes that can cause damage to areas, and/or property, powerlines, as well start wildfires. Wildfires can also cause the area to flood months or even years after the fire has been contained. Although not common, death can occur from lighting strike. | Emergency services | Transport | Energy | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 1748 | New York City | 3417 | USA | New York City | C40 | 2016 | Permanent inundation | Serious | Some portions of the City are at risk of inundation. | Residential | Health and community | Commerical | (40.7127837°, -74.0059413°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 1749 | Comune di Venezia | 36254 | Italy | Venezia | C40 | 2016 | Hail | Less serious | This phenomenon is slowly rising. In any case, there has been no experience significant impacts . | Transport | Food and agriculture | Emergency services | (45.4332515°, 12.3210704°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) |
| 1750 | City of Yokohama | 31113 | Japan | Yokohama | C40 | 2016 | Landslide | Serious | Collapsion of houses Disorder of transportation | Residential | Transport | Health and community | (35.4437078°, 139.6380256°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) |
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In 2016, cities reported over 2,000 climate hazards that are impacting their cities. Globally, cities are reporting that health and community will be most impacted by climate change.
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