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2017 - Cities Climate Hazards
| Row number | Account number | Organization | Country | Region | C40 | Access | Project Year | Climate Hazards | Magnitude of Impact | Impact Description | Assets or services that may be most impacted (1) | Assets or services that may be most impacted (2) | Assets or services that may be most impacted (3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 651 | 54070 | City of Eugene | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme hot days | Serious | Heat disproportionately impacts young, old, and those with impaired health. Few homes with A/C, low preparedness for heat because of low frequency of extreme heat could result in fatalities. | Other: Health and community | Energy | Other: Water | |
| 652 | 49333 | City of Louisville, KY | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Severe wind | ||||||
| 653 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Drought | Serious | Extreme drought, for the purposes of this project, is a summer with well below average precipitation, and high temperatures. (Specifically, an extreme drought event was defined as the occurrence of a summer with 1, 2, or 3 months with a Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index greater than -2.0, i.e., 2 standard deviations below the mean.)Extreme drought was assessed to have the most significant impacts on the following asset and service areas: environment, food and agriculture, and water supply.Droughts can have consequences on the urban forest, parks, and aquatic environment in Edmonton. Birch trees can be particularly impacted due to their shallow root systems which cannot tolerate drought. Drought can impact aquatic life, via reduced water levels and increased water temperature, which can lead to a deterioration in water quality.Compared to other parts of the province, Edmonton's food system is not very well equipped to deal with drought. Drought will affect commercial crops and home and community gardens, causing reduced productivity and even crop failure. Most crops in the Edmonton area are not drought resistant. Reduced agricultural output will have indirect economic impacts on supply/customer chains, though commercial losses will likely be insured. For the water supply system, drought can reduce available water supply and could lead to water use restrictions. Restrictions would stem not from available supply int he river, but capacity of the water treatment plant to meet a significant increase in demand.No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | Environment | Food and agriculture | Water Supply & Sanitation | |
| 654 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Interface Fire | Extremely serious | Interface fires are wildfires that penetrate or occur within the urban boundary. Edmonton typically experiences more than 300 grass fires per year.The asset or service areas most impacted by interface fires are: electricity, the built environment and emergency management.Grass fires can affect the electricity system, notably wooden power poles, and lead to isolated power outages. The risk is greatest during the interval (3 years) between fuel management around power line rights-of-way. Interface fires can also impact the built environment; the most vulnerable areas are urban parks which contain public infrastructure, and residential areas (which may contain small commercial premises) close to natural areas. Depending on their location and wind direction, interface fires have the potential to cause major, but isolated disruptions to road transport. Fires of the scale typically experienced in the city are unlikely to have a noticeable impact on air quality with associated health effects.A devastating wildfire in the City of Edmonton is very unlikely due to the lack of forest fuel load surrounding the city. The consequences of an interface fire could be significantly worse if combined with a sustained drought; this scenario could lead to widespread damage, notably in the river valley, with implications for emergency management services.No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | Energy | Other: Built Environment | Emergency Management | |
| 655 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Urban Flood | Serious | Urban flood was defined as a short duration, high intensity rainfall event (20 mm of rain in a 10-minute period) which would be likely to cause flooding in some areas of the city. The three asset or service areas assessed to be most impacted by urban flooding were: stormwater, waste water and road transportation.High intensity rainfalls can overwhelm stormwater management infrastructure and cause flooding of streets, homes, and commercial property. The consequences for the built environment can be significant; and include damage to buildings and contents, with potential economic impacts to affected businesses. If drainage infrastructure is damaged, or malfunctions, consequences for low-lying roads and underpasses can be severe, causing major transport disruptions. Injuries and even fatalities on affected routes are possible. Clean-up costs can be significant.In areas of the city with combined water and sewer and systems, intense rainfall can overwhelm the sewage treatment system and cause sewage backup into homes, as well as the release of untreated sewage into the North Saskatchewan River.No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | Water Supply & Sanitation | Transport | ||
| 656 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | River flood | Serious | A river flood was defined as a flood in which the North Saskatchewan River levels exceed the base water level by nine or more meters. This level equates to a flow rate of about 2,710 cubic meters per second and is approximately the flow rate reached in 2013.A river flood of this magnitude would have the most significant impacts on the following asset or service areas: road transportation, the economy, and emergency management. A flood of this magnitude is unlikely to significantly impact infrastructure in the city; however, the road network in the river valley could be affected by erosion, and debris in the river. Minor flooding could be experienced in some of the low lying parks, and residential areas of the city (i.e., Rossdale, Cloverdale, and Riverdale). However, most properties are outside the floodplain. [a more severe river flood event is considered below.]Edmonton's water (potable and waste) treatment facilities are located in the river valley, so flooding could have impacts on water supply and waste water treatment infrastructure, as well as operation conditions (and costs) due to high particulate loading in the river, though not necessarily at this magnitude of flood. Parks and trails along the river may experience increased erosion. Higher sediment loads in the river may also impact industrial withdrawals.Populations in the low-lying residential communities of Rossdale, Cloverdale, and Riverdale are vulnerable to flooding events of greater magnitude. | Transport | Other: Economy | Emergency Management | |
| 657 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Creek Flood | Less serious | A creek flood hazard was defined as a rising or overflowing of an urban creek, covering land that is normally dry. Creeks in the city that may be subject to flooding include Mill Creek, Fulton Creek, Whitemud Creek and Blackmud Creek.Creek floods will have the greatest impact on the following asset or service areas: environment, stormwater system, and economy.Creek floods, driven largely by intense rainfall events, can cause erosion and washouts which can impact roads, buildings and utilities. Damage is generally localized and short-term. Sedimentation into the North Saskatchewan River is also caused by creek floods, which can negatively impact aquatic life. Historically, creek floods have also led to increased black fly populations; a potential nuisance for people as a result of increased risk of bites.Economic impacts would be limited given the minimal amount of infrastructure located near creek flood areas; however, some recreation amenities (pedestrian bridges, paths, etc.) could be damaged or lost.No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | Environment | Water Supply & Sanitation | Other: Economy | |
| 658 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Landslide | Serious | Land slippage is the rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial fill on a slope. Edmonton is not subject to landslides, but rather land slippages that occur at a slower rate and tend to give warning signals before they happen.The asset or service areas most significantly impacted by land slippage are: the fuel supply system, waste management and the environment. Numerous high pressure fuel lines exist within the city, including along the river valley. Land slippage could cause a fuel line failure. As most pipelines contain flammable materials, a line failure or leak could have high consequences. If land slips and exposes the pipe, there is also an increased risk of the line being hit by accident. Edmonton has old landfills located in areas that could be subject to land slippage. The environmental and economic impacts of land slippage at these sites would be significant. Land slippages in other locations also have an impact for waste management with large amounts of debris being diverted to landfill.Regarding the environment, land slippage can cause erosion, resulting in increased sedimentation and siltation in waterways with adverse consequences for aquatic life. Slumping in the river valley could also impact the trail system and urban parks.No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | Energy | Waste Management | Environment | |
| 659 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Water-borne disease | Serious | Water-borne illnesses (or diseases) are caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, protozoa) and toxins (harmful algae and cyanobacteria) that most commonly are transmitted in contaminated fresh water. Human exposure to contaminated water occurs through several pathways: ingestion of contaminated water or fish, inhalation, or direct contact during recreational activities (swimming). The protozoa Cryptosporidium and Giardia, which cause water-borne illness, are influenced by climate factors. Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli (E. coli) also cuase water-borne illness and are influenced by climate; however, they are more commonly associated with food-borne illnesses. Between 2000 and 2015 annual cases of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in the Edmonton Health Zone averaged, respectively, 18 (2 per 100,000 population) and 121 (11 per 100,000). Typical symptoms of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, vomiting, headache, fever and chills. People with chronic diseases and weakened immune systems may develop more severe symptoms, which can result in premature death. The most directly affected sector in Edmonton is public health and safety (morbidity and potential for mortality). Depending on the source of exposure to pathogens, water and sanitation may also be directly affected. Community and culture (reduced quality of life) and economy (reduced labour productivity) are indirectly affected.Human incidence of water-borne illnesses as amplified by hot days, heat waves (and increased water temperature), rainstorms and flooding.Particular groups vulnerable to more severe symptoms of food-borne illness include: older adults; children; pregnant women; people with chronic diseases and weakened immune systems; and people of lower socio-economic status. | Public health | Community & Culture | Other: Economy | |
| 660 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Food-borne Illness | Less serious | Food-borne illness (or "food poisoning") is a common public health problem caused by ingestion of contaminated foods and beverages. These items can be contaminated by many different disease-causing viruses or bacterial pathogens. Three common bacterial pathogens influenced by climate factors are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli (E. coli); all exhibit a summertime peak in the incidence of illnesses. Between 2000 and 2015 annual cases in the Edmonton Health Zone averaged, respectively, 272 (24 per 100,000 population), 208 (19, per 100,000) and 39 (4 per 100,000).Symptoms of such food-borne illnesses include acute enterocolitis with sudden onset of headache, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, fever and chills. More severe complications include dehydration, bacteremia, reactive arthritis, meningitis, and in rare cases, premature death. Infections would generally be limited to individual homes or a commercial establishment(s), so there would be limited numbers and pockets of impacted people.The most directly affected sector in Edmonton is public health and safety (morbidity and potential for mortality). Perceptions of the food industry (food and agriculture and economy) may also be directly affected. Community and culture (reduced quality of life) and economy (reduced labor productivity) are indirectly affected.Human incidence of food-borne illness is amplified by hot days and heat waves.Particular groups vulnerable to more severe symptoms of food-borne illness include: older adults; infants and young children; transplant recipients; pregnant women; people with chronic diseases and weakened immune systems; and people of lower socio-economic status. | Public health | Community & Culture | Other: Economy | |
| 661 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Air-borne disease | Less serious | Aeroallergens are substances (e.g., tree, grass and weed pollen, mold spores, allergenic proteins associated with animals such as dust mites) present in the air that, once inhaled by sensitized individuals, cause an allergic response.Exposure to aeroallergens contributes to the prevalence of asthma episodes, allergic rhinitis (or hay fever) and atopic dermatitis (eczema), as well as sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and urticaria. The socio-economic impacts of these illnesses are considered both in terms of direct medical costs (such as for physician visits, emergency room visits, hospital admissions and the cost of pharmaceuticals), indirect costs (such as time loss from work, productivity loss and functional impairment) and intangible costs (such as welfare losses associated with psychological distress and a lower quality of life). Exposure to aeroallergens may result in premature death.Public health and safety is the most directly affected asset and service area (morbidity and potential for mortality health outcomes, health care resource utilization - primary and secondary care). Community and culture (reduced quality of life for affected individuals, absenteeism from school) and economy (absenteeism from work, reduced labor productivity) are indirectly affected.Adverse health outcomes from aeroallergens are exacerbated by hot days, heat waves, rainstorms, thunderstorms, and intense short duration rainfall events that cause urban flooding.Particular groups vulnerable to allergens in the air and related allergic illnesses include: older adults, young children, people with chronic diseases and compromised immune systems, and people of lower socio-economic status. | Public health | Community & Culture | Other: Economy | |
| 662 | 54070 | City of Eugene | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Landslide | Less serious | Landslides can impact homes and transportation infrastructure within steep areas | Residential | Transport | Other: Emergency services | |
| 663 | 54113 | City of Flagstaff | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Forest fire | Extremely serious | Could have serious implications on local watershed and threaten local buildings and infrastructure. Likely increases in demand on City resources able to respond to wildfire events. Likely increases in respiratory and other illnesses related to prevalence of smoke-filled air adversely affects community health. | Other: Water | Other: Health and community | Residential | |
| 664 | 49333 | City of Louisville, KY | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Lightning/thunderstorm | ||||||
| 665 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Vector-borne disease | Serious | Vector-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Vectors carry infective pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, which can be transferred from one host (e.g., deer, birds) to another (e.g., humans, pets). The major vector-borne diseases of public health importance in Alberta are West Nile Virus (WNV) and Lyme disease.Lyme disease is a tick-borne bacterial disease, which can only be transferred to humans by the bite of an infected blacklegged tick. Symptoms of Lyme disease include: rash, headaches, fever, and nervous system disorders. In exceptional cases, Lyme disease can lead to premature death.WNV is a mosquito-borne viral disease. The virus is transmitted to humans when a mosquito acquires the virus from biting an infected bird and then bits a human. Most people infected with WNV have no symptoms. About 1% of infected people can experience severe symptoms, which can include paralysis or death (though rare). The most directly affected asset and service area is public health and safety (morbidity and potential for mortality), community and culture (reduced quality of life) and economy (reduced labour productivity) are indirectly affected.Human incidence of vector-borne diseases is amplified by hot days, heat waves, and above average rainfall.Behavioral factors, especially the number of hours spent outdoors, can increase exposure to vector-borne disease. Lyme disease is more prevalent among children and older adults. Anyone 50 or older or with chronic illness is particularly at risk to developing the more severe symptoms of WNV, including premature death. | Public health | Community & Culture | Other: Economy | |
| 666 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Invasive Species and Pests | Serious | Invasive species and pests and non-native animal and plant species in the Edmonton area, with known negative environmental or economic impacts.The environment is the most directly impacted asset or service area. Adverse consequences on the environment include:-Invasive plants and weeds that displace native species, impacting the urban forest and aesthetics of the city, and increasing erosion due to the shallow rooting of some invasives; -Invasive aquatic mussels (e.g., Zebra and Quagga Mussel) which are not yet found in Alberta, but if introduced could devastate local aquatic ecosystems; and-Invasive aquatic fish species such as Asian carp, goldfish, and koi fish, which have all been found in Edmonton's stormwater ponds, and could have significant negative consequences.Invasive species are also a significant concern at the Edmonton International Airport. Invasive insects attract birds to the airport runway, increasing the risk of bird strikes, which can result in major damage to aircraft, and can lead to a crash with significant loss of life.Invasive species and pests can also negatively affect local food supply and agricultural productivity, increasing the cost of food due to increased cost of pesticides and control. No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | Environment | Food and agriculture | Transport | |
| 667 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Destructive Tornado | Serious | Tornados are violent and destructive, funnel-shaped rotating columns of air. A destructive tornado, defined as F4 on the Fujita scale, has estimated wind speeds of between 333 and 418 kilometers per hour. These tornadoes would typically cause devastating damage, leveling a well-constructed house and throwing cars and other objects like missiles. Depending on its path, an F4 tornado could have major direct (and indirect) effects on all asset or service areas in Edmonton.A destructive tornado has potential to cause significant loss of life, widespread infrastructure and property damage, including loss of electricity and communication services. If a large tornado hit the water (potable or waste) treatment plant there could be major consequence, including inability to treat (potable or waste) water, with potential for widespread health and environmental concerns.Anyone unable to take adequate shelter is at risk. Particular vulnerable groups include the homeless and low income individuals and families, who have limited ability to take shelter during a tornado, and tend to live in older, lower quality homes that are less able to withstand a tornado of this magnitude. The same groups may also have limited access to early warning alerts. These populations, along with the elderly and infirm may also have difficulty evacuating the path of the tornado, having limited access to transport services. | Public health | Other: Built Environment | Emergency Management | |
| 668 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Severe River Flood | Serious | A severe river flood was defined as a flood in which the flow of the North Saskatchewan River reaches a rate of 5,800 cubic meters per second. This is the largest volume ever recorded on the River; the flow rate reached during the 1915 flood.A flood of this magnitude would have significant direct impacts on infrastructure and property located in the floodplain of the North Saskatchewan River. Some bridges and the road network in the river valley could be severely damaged (from debris and erosion). Major flooding would likely be experienced in low lying parks and residential areas of the city (specifically, Rossdale, Cloverdale, and Riverdale).Edmonton's water treatment facilities are located in the river valley. Flooding of this magnitude would have major impacts on water supply and treatment infrastructure, and could severely damage pump houses. Industrial withdrawals from the River would be impaired due to high sediment loads, causing significant economic impacts (increased costs or lost output). With a flood of this magnitude, emergency management services would be heavily impacted, supporting flood mitigation efforts and the evacuation of residents from flooded areas (and areas at risk to flooding). Indirect social and economic impacts arising from the disruption or loss of goods or services from directly affected infrastructure could be considerable. | Other: Built Environment | Emergency Management | Transport | |
| 669 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Severe Low Flow in River | Serious | A severe low flow event in the North Saskatchewan River is defined as a flow rate of 25 cubic meters per second. This flow rate is an estimated level below which the water treatment plant intakes might not be able to reliably and sustainably draw water from the river.At this flow rate, the water treatment plant intakes might not be able to reliably and sustainably draw water from the river, leading to potentially major water supply interruptions across the city. Restrictions could be imposed on specific uses - regarding residential use, this will lead to a loss of welfare. Economic sectors would experience either increased costs (to secure alternative supplies) or reduced output and revenues. If long-lived and widespread, direct and indirect economic impacts could be significant.Impacts on aquatic species and ecosystems would also be severe.Emergency management services would be engaged to provide potable water and (potentially) portable toilet facilities to residents and businesses. | Water Supply & Sanitation | Other: Economy | Environment | |
| 670 | 54113 | City of Flagstaff | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme winter conditions | Serious | Severe winter storms have isolated our community from supplies in the past. This could result in economic losses for local businesses, tourism sector, and endanger lives as emergency services are also restricted. Flight cancellations as a result of extreme winter conditions would also adversely affect economic activity in the area. | Transport | Other: Health and community | Other: Emergency services | |
| 671 | 54113 | City of Flagstaff | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Drought | Serious | Drought in our region is a risk factor for forest fires, potentially restricts water usage for community, stresses vulnerable groundwater supplies, and threatens livelihoods of farmers and agricultural activities. | Other: Emergency services | Other: Water | Other: Commerical | |
| 672 | 54113 | City of Flagstaff | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme hot days | Serious | As temperatures rise on the Colorado Plateau, projecting out until 2100, Flagstaff will see longer-lasting heat waves, and greater shifts in summer temperatures. This will have a public health impact for populations sensitive and vulnerable to extreme heat. | Public health | Other: Emergency Services | ||
| 673 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Drought | Serious | Water Supply & Sanitation | Food and agriculture | Public health | ||
| 674 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme hot days | Serious | Public health | Water Supply & Sanitation | Energy | ||
| 675 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme winter conditions | Serious | Transport | Water Supply & Sanitation | Emergency Management | ||
| 676 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Heat wave | Serious | Public health | Waste Management | Emergency Management | ||
| 677 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Heavy snow | Serious | Energy | Transport | Public health | ||
| 678 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Insect infestation | Serious | Food and agriculture | Residential | Environment | ||
| 679 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Other: Other animal and plant invasive species or species of concern like blue-green algae | Serious | Public health | Water Supply & Sanitation | Food and agriculture | ||
| 680 | 54060 | City of Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Rain storm | Serious | Water Supply & Sanitation | Residential | Waste Management | ||
| 681 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Rain storm | Serious | damage to residential, commercial due to flooding, risk of transportation hazards on roads. | Other: Water | Residential | Transport | |
| 682 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Flash/surface flood | Serious | Examples of 100 year storm events happening in City and causing flooding conditions. | Transport | Other: Water | Food and agriculture | |
| 683 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Insect infestation | Serious | damage to urban trees and forested areas due to increasing temperature, less winter eg. Emerald Ash Borer Beetle | Other: Forestry | Food and agriculture | ||
| 684 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme winter conditions | Serious | Risk of longer duration of colder winter temperatures and quick intense snowfall outside of lake effect | Other: Emergency services | Energy | Residential | |
| 685 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme hot days | Serious | Risk of longer duration of extreme warmer temperature days of 40C in future | Other: Health and community | Other: Emergency services | ||
| 686 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Extreme cold days | Serious | Risk of longer duration of extreme cold temperatures or events e.g polar vortex moving south | Other: Health and community | Other: Emergency services | ||
| 687 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Severe wind | Serious | Damage to tree limbs and branches on trails, conservation lands and downtown areas with high winds, branches/ limbs falling or teetering on power lines | Other: Forestry | Other: Commerical | Energy | |
| 688 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Drought | Serious | Concern regarding ground water recharging due to lack of precipitation in extreme events | Other: Water | Food and agriculture | Other: Health and community | |
| 689 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Atmospheric CO2 concentrations | Serious | Global CO2 emissions rising in general driving to further impacts of extreme weather. | Other: Health and community | |||
| 690 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Heavy snow | Serious | Risk of quick intense snowfall outside of lake effect. | Transport | |||
| 691 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Vector-borne disease | Less serious | Risk of increasing temperatures leading to increase vector born disease movement across borders | Other: Health and community | |||
| 692 | 50555 | City of Hamilton | Canada | North America | Public | 2017 | Water-borne disease | Less serious | Risk of algal blooms leading to decrease in water quality in Great Lakes. Still determining actual risk. | Other: Water | Other: Health and community | ||
| 693 | 49333 | City of Louisville, KY | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Heat wave | ||||||
| 694 | 54078 | City of Hayward | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Land fire | Serious | The Hayward hills are at risk of wildland-urban interface fire. Dry grassland adjacent to residential properties and the seasonal Diablo winds can result in large, rapidly-spreading fires that cause widespread damage to hillside properties. Researchers at UC Merced have projected future fire risk for the entire Bay Area by comparing existing fire risk to the predicted impacts of climate change on temperatures, seasonal precipitation, and vegetation. The research projects some locations in Central Alameda County to exhibit decreased fire risk. Generally, across the Bay Area there is fairly limited change in fire risk in the year 2050, with the greatest change in occurring between 2050 and 2085, especially in the high emission scenario. While there is no data available specifically for the City of Hayward, the city is located adjacent to areas of unchanged or lowered risk. However, the decreased availability of water due to frequent drought caused by climate change could impair Hayward’s ability to fight fires. | Residential | Other: Health and community | Other: hillside properties | |
| 695 | 54078 | City of Hayward | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Drought | Extremely serious | Decrease in potable water supply and resulting water use restrictions. Impact on local businesses that rely on water supply. | Other: Commerical | Food and agriculture | Residential | |
| 696 | 54078 | City of Hayward | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Permanent inundation | Extremely serious | Hayward’s shoreline, while protected by extensive wetlands, is at risk of inundation from tsunamis, rare floods, and rising sea levels. Infrastructure along the shoreline will be more frequently, and eventually permanently, inundated as the sea level rises. In especially severe floods and at sea levels above 5 feet, residential and industrial parts of South Hayward adjacent to Don Edwards National Wildlife Preserve and Ward Creek are also at risk of flooding. | Other: Commerical | Residential | Other: wildlife habitat | |
| 697 | 54078 | City of Hayward | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Coastal flood | Extremely serious | The western edge of Hayward is at risk for flooding as sea levels rise. This includes miles of bay habitat, Hayward's wastewater treatment plant, its airport, a large portion of its industrial area, the approach to the major commuter bridge, and several residential neighborhoods. As sea levels rise, more energy will be needed to pump wastewater and storm water. | Other: wastewater treatment | Transport | Other: Commerical | |
| 698 | 54078 | City of Hayward | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Landslide | Less serious | Rain-induced and earthquake-induced landslides may occur on Hayward’s hillsides. Extreme wet-dry cycles expected as a result of climate change may exacerbate the risk of these landslides. | Transport | Other: Utilities | Residential | |
| 699 | 55418 | City of Huntington Beach | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Heat wave | Serious | As temperatures continue to rise it is imperative that we educate our residents about best practices for avoiding heat related illnesses. | Other: Health and community | Other: Water | Energy | |
| 700 | 55418 | City of Huntington Beach | USA | North America | Public | 2017 | Drought | Extremely serious | As the drought worsens over the next few years HB residents will be more at risk for heat related health issues (e.g. heat stroke, etc.) as many residents do not have air conditioning and the homeless population is growing (over 267 homeless people in HB as of 2016) | Other: Water | Other: Health and community | Other: Commerical |
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