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2017 - Cities Climate Hazards

Row numberAccount numberOrganizationCountryRegionC40AccessProject YearClimate HazardsMagnitude of ImpactImpact DescriptionAssets or services that may be most impacted (1)Assets or services that may be most impacted (2)Assets or services that may be most impacted (3)
90150578City of WindsorCanadaNorth AmericaPublic2017Vector-borne diseaseLess serious- Possibility of increased vector-borne and food-borne disease, but severity difficult to gaugePublic healthEnvironment
90250578City of WindsorCanadaNorth AmericaPublic2017Water-borne diseaseLess serious- Cyanobacteria growth in Lakes Erie and St. ClairWater Supply & SanitationPublic healthOther: Recreation
90350578City of WindsorCanadaNorth AmericaPublic2017River floodSerious- Increased potential for ice jams causing river floodingResidentialOther: WaterTransport
90450579City of WinnipegCanadaNorth AmericaPublic2017Extreme hot daysSeriousExtreme heat can increase the risk of other types of disasters, such as drought. High temperatures at night can be particularly damaging to agriculture.Other: Health and communityEnergyFood and agriculture
90552894City of Winston-SalemUSANorth AmericaPublic2017DroughtSeriousAs Droughts become more serious the impact on local and regional farmers will affect our food supply and growth abilities. Water availability could be drastically curtailed. Finally our energy production would be impacted as water is utilized in many public and provider energy suppliers.Food and agricultureOther: WaterEnergy
90658424GdanskPolandEuropePublic2017Extreme hot daysSeriousPublic healthWater Supply & Sanitation
90752894City of Winston-SalemUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Flash/surface floodSeriousIncreased flooding will push our ability to off-load large floods which will cause large amount of water to move to areas not affected previously.Other: WaterTransportResidential
90852894City of Winston-SalemUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Lightning/thunderstormSeriousChanging weather patterns could cause the upper atmosphere to increase electrical storms which may lead to increased power outrages which could affect emergency services throughout the community.Other: Emergency servicesResidentialEnergy
90958867City of Wisconsin RapidsUSANorth AmericaPublic2017River floodSeriousOther: Health and communityOther: Emergency servicesOther:
91055616Los Altos HillsUSANorth AmericaPublic2017DroughtSeriousWells dry up; residential water restrictions.Other: WaterResidentialFood and agriculture
91155616Los Altos HillsUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Land fireExtremely seriousResidential homes damagedResidentialOther: Emergency services
91231177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017DroughtExtremely seriousWater Supply & SanitationPublic healthEnvironment
91331177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Extreme cold daysSeriousEnergyPublic healthFood and agriculture
91431177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Extreme hot daysLess seriousEnergyWater Supply & SanitationPublic health
91531177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Extreme winter conditionsSeriousEnergyPublic healthTransport
91631177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Severe windLess seriousEnergyWater Supply & SanitationEmergency Management
91731177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Flash/surface floodSeriousWater Supply & SanitationTransportEnergy
91831177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Lightning/thunderstormLess seriousEnergyPublic healthTransport
91931177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Forest fireSeriousEmergency ManagementPublic healthWater Supply & Sanitation
92031177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Storm surgeSeriousWater Supply & SanitationEnvironmentPublic health
92131177Salt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Water-borne diseaseSeriousFood and agriculturePublic healthWater Supply & Sanitation
92235894Ville de MontrealCanadaNorth AmericaC40Public2017Rain stormSeriousDuring a heavy rainfall episode, once the network is saturated, runoff water can no longer enter and instead accumulates in lower points, which can cause flooding. Basements are particularly at risk of being flooded. Factors such as inadequate ground levelling and the presence of a garage entrance with a slope toward the house can result in the flooding of homes. Also, unprotected buildings can suffer from sewer backups. Building floods cause considerable economic losses. First, they result in costs related to property destruction and damages. Second, the increase in flood damages to buildings results in increased insurance premiums and can even sometimes reduce insurers’ coverage of this risk. Significant emotional or material losses can bring about psychological distress among victims. Also, flooded buildings are at a greater risk of developing mould, which can cause serious health problems, such as asthma and allergic reactions. Heavy rainwater runoff and floods in urban environments may also damage the road network, sewer systems (particularly retention basins, rainwater and combined sewers and pumping stations) and underground facilities, which can result in service outages depending on the service (electricity, telephone, Internet, and so forth). In addition to reducing people’s mobility in the area, floods have caused accidents and discomforts.Other: Service des infrastructures, de la voirie et des transports (infrastructure, roads and transport service)Other: Service de la mise en valeur du territoire (land development service)Other: Ville de Montréal – 19 boroughs and 15 related cities
92335894Ville de MontrealCanadaNorth AmericaC40Public2017Heat waveSeriousPeriods of extreme heat cause people thermal stress, meaning cramps, fainting and heatstroke, which results in many hospitalizations. Extreme heat may even aggravate individuals’ frail condition and cause premature deaths. In the past 30 years, heat waves have been responsible for over 400 deaths in the Montréal agglomeration. Heat waves can also exacerbate the impacts of atmospheric pollution, aggravate health problems and restrict the practice of outdoor activities and sports. Vegetation is also vulnerable to heat waves, because extreme heat induces shocks, such as water stress, that can lead to illnesses; in turn, these problems increase the need for preventive maintenance and treatment. Heat waves, even brief ones, can diminish the populations of many insects. This may be positive in the case of harmful species, but unwanted in the case of species such as pollinators. The aquatic environment may also suffer during heat waves since heat waves give rise to cyanobacteria blooms. Extreme temperatures can affect or weaken the agglomeration’s infrastructures by impacting roads and arteries. Roadways that are heavily travelled and used by heavy vehicles may soften, deform and produce ruts under the weight of these vehicles. Extreme temperatures can also cause premature damages to structures’ expansion joints. Finally, heat waves often give rise to an increased demand for certain services, such as the use of swimming pools, wading pools and splash pads, and the extension of the business hours of airconditioned public buildings such as libraries and community centres.Other: Service de la mise en valeur du territoire (land development service)Other: Service des grands parcs, du verdissement et du mont Royal (large parks, greening and Mont Royal service)Other: Ville de Montréal – 19 boroughs and 15 related cities
9241184City of AustinUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Extreme hot daysSeriousStress on health, increased usage of electricity, impact on ecosystems and water resourcesEnergyWater Supply & SanitationResidential
9251184City of AustinUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Forest fireExtremely seriousDestruction of property and loss of lifeWater Supply & SanitationResidentialEmergency Management
92635894Ville de MontrealCanadaNorth AmericaC40Public2017DroughtSeriousThe impacts of droughts are mainly related to the settling of foundations, sidewalks, road surfaces and sewer lines that may occur when clay soils dry up. Droughts in urban settings mainly affect water quality due to a rise in temperature, a decline in dissolved oxygen concentrations, cyanobacteria blooms, eutrophication and an increased concentration of some pollutants. Droughts are also a source of water stress for plants, and may even kill them should the drought be a long one. This stress can also increase trees’ vulnerability to pests and pathogens. Drought periods are often accompanied by extreme heat that affects the level of air pollutants, such as dust and particles, as well as pollen, which is more easily airborne. The increase in airborne pollutants is believed to exacerbate the symptoms of respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses and contribute to degrading the health of people who are already frail. The operational impacts of drought particularly affect drinking water production and distribution networks. The increased demand for water can result in too much pressure on water treatment and purification equipment. Equipment’s adduction ability can also be impaired if water levels are very low, thus restricting the capacity of water production plants. Lastly, when there is limited rainfall, more street cleaning operations are required for streets to remain clean.Other: WaterOther: Service de la mise en valeur du territoire (land development service)Other: Ville de Montréal – 19 boroughs and 15 related cities
92735894Ville de MontrealCanadaNorth AmericaC40Public2017River floodLess seriousWhenever the flow rate or level of a river exceeds a critical threshold, the river overflows, causing a flood. In an urban setting, floods result in damages to the built environment and especially to buildings located in floodplains. They also impact sewer systems. In a flood, the sewer systems may saturate more quickly, resulting in backedup sewers in buildings. Heavy floods may weaken overtaxed infrastructures and damage them. Spring floods may also cause damage to underground utilities (electricity, telephone, Internet, and so forth), which can lead to service outages. Also, floods cause premature erosion and destabilization of riverbanks. Eroded riverbanks drag sediment into the water, which may affect water quality. Spring floods also impact the health of the populations affected. Not only can they bring about gastrointestinal illnesses when people are in direct contact with flood waters, they can cause psychological trauma to people who incur major material losses. Moreover, flooded basements are subject to the proliferation of mould, which can result in serious health issues such as asthma and allergic reactions. Floods in an urban environment can make it more difficult to move around, close sections of roadways and slow down traffic. Tunnels and viaducts may be submerged, causing traffic problems and even endangering the lives of people trapped in their vehicles. Lastly, river floods require a major mobilization of the teams responsible for implementing emergency response measures.Other: Ville de Montréal – five boroughs (Ahuntsic-Cartierville, Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève, Montréal-Nord, Pierrefonds-Roxboro, Verdun) and one related municipality (Senneville)
92835894Ville de MontrealCanadaNorth AmericaC40Public2017Other: destrutive stormSeriousStrong winds, freezing rain, hail and heavy snowfalls can all result in damages and wear on infrastructures and vegetation, which mainly consist of falling trees and branches, and damages to roofs or other components of the building envelope. Strong wind bursts can tear up or lift off certain elements of a house, for example its roof. Flying debris may hit and damage windows, window displays and façades, in addition to being a hazard for pedestrians. Heavy snowfalls and freezing rain can overload a roof structure and inflict damages. Storm disaster victims may suffer from psychological trauma. Destructive storms may also cause power outages. When outages occur in winter, citizens may have to leave their homes in search of warmth; in the home, they may suffer from carbon monoxide poisoning if they use heating or cooking devices indoors that are designed for outdoor use. Other direct consequences of power outages include the stoppage of home medical equipment and an increase in food poisoning when refrigerators and freezers stop working. The damages inflicted on lights or traffic signs, as well as the snow, ice or debris on the ground, can disrupt road traffic and pedestrian movement. The environmental impacts of destructive storms in an urban milieu mainly affect the vegetation, particularly in terms of uprooting trees or breaking their trunks and branches, which renders them more vulnerable to insects and diseases. Destructive storms increase pressure on service teams providing road maintenance (snow removal and road salting), tree maintenance and first response.Other: WaterOther: Ville de Montréal – 19 boroughs and 15 related cities
92935894Ville de MontrealCanadaNorth AmericaC40Public2017Other: higher average temperaturesLess seriousThe effects of higher average temperatures on the built environment are mainly observed in the wintertime. The increased number of freezethaw cycles entails an accelerated deterioration of the roadway system (potholes). It also accelerates wear on bridges, tunnels and overpasses. Higher average temperatures also impact the growth rate and geographical distribution of some harmful insect species , which may result in more frequent infestations frequencies and intensified damages to plants. An increase of a few degrees can generate drastic changes in plant biology, which may alter species’ distribution areas and could stimulate the growth of undesirable plant species. Plant pathogens are also more likely to survive milder winters, which favour the expansion of their distribution area. Pathogenic species that cannot survive in current conditions could eventually attack plants in our region. Higher average summer temperatures could extend allergenic plants’ pollen production season, which can result in greater health problems for people who have allergies. The increase in average temperatures is also causing a northward migration of vectorborne pathogen animal populations; in recent years, we have observed an increase in the occurrence of Lyme disease and West Nile virus (WNV).Other: Service des grands parcs, du verdissement et du mont Royal (large parks, greening and Mont Royal service)Other: Service des infrastructures, de la voirie et des transports (infrastructure, roads and transport service)Other: Ville de Montréal – 19 boroughs and 15 related cities
9301184City of AustinUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017DroughtSeriousImpact on trees and plants, industry, power generation and residentsResidentialFood and agricultureCommercial
9311184City of AustinUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Flash/surface floodExtremely seriousDestruction of property and loss of lifePublic healthResidentialEmergency Management
93235268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Other: Sea level riseExtremely seriousDue to changes in ocean current and other dynamic factors, sea-level rise in Boston (and in the Northeast U.S. generally) is likely to be higher than the global average. A two-foot rise in sea level will turn the current 100-year flood into a 3-year flood. A six-foot rise in sea level will cause regular inundation of several areas of Boston.Other: CommericalResidentialTransport
93335268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Storm surgeExtremely seriousIncreased sea level rise will further exacerbate the impacts of storm surge on Boston's coastline, where significant commercial, residential, and transportation assets are located.TransportOther: CommericalResidential
93435268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Rain stormSeriousSee river flood.TransportOther: WaterResidential
93535268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Other: Increased urban heat island effectExtremely seriousSee more frequent heatwavesOther: Emergency servicesOther: Health and communityResidential
93635268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Heat waveExtremely seriousThe Union of Concerned Scientists estimate that the number of days over 90 degrees F will rise from the 1961-1990 average of 10 per year to 25-39 days per year by the 2040-2060 time period. The number of days over 100 degrees will also start to rise from the 1961-1990 average of 1. Coupled with higher humidity and amplified by the urban heat island effect, this will produce more frequent and more intense heat waves and threaten the health of vulnerable populations and strain energy and transportation infrastructure.Other: Health and communityOther: Emergency servicesResidential
93735268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Heavy snowSeriousTransportResidentialOther: Health and community
93835268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Extreme winter conditionsSeriousTransportEnergyOther: Health and community
93935268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017River floodSeriousOther: CommericalResidentialTransport
94035268City of BostonUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Coastal floodExtremely seriousSee storm surge and sea level rise.TransportOther: CommericalResidential
94113067City of New OrleansUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Other: Coastal erosionExtremely seriousCoastal erosion is the wearing away of land or the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, or drainage. The physical processes that cause barrier island erosion and wetland loss throughout the Louisiana delta plain are complex and varied. Coastal erosion along the Louisiana Gulf Coast is an ongoing process that continues to threaten the wetlands and barrier islands. The erosion process has been accelerated by strong storms and hurricanes, which can erode large sections of coastline with a single event. The creation of canals by the shipping and oil industries have also contributed to this erosion.Other: Health and communityResidentialOther: Commerical
94213067City of New OrleansUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Cyclone (Hurricane/Typhoon)Extremely seriousHurricanes, tropical storms, and typhoons, collectively known as tropical cyclones, are among the most devastating naturally occurring hazards in the United States. Orleans Parish is threatened by hurricanes that develop in the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, and the entire Parish is susceptible to hurricanes and tropical storms. Hurricanes generate several hazards that can cause extensive damage. High winds, heavy rainfall, tornadoes, and storm surge are all associated hazards. This subsection focuses on the effects from high winds associated with hurricanes. Storm surge is often the greatest hurricane-related threat to property and human life. In Orleans Parish, the area’s low elevations and network of levees make it especially vulnerable to the surge of a hurricane. The effects of a strong hurricane can be catastrophic to any location; however, New Orleans is especially vulnerable because of the threat to a system of levees that channel and hold the waters of canals, Lake Pontchartrain, and the Mississippi River. Past hurricanes and tropical storms have had a major, and in some cases devastating, impact on life and property in Orleans Parish.Other: Health and communityOther: Emergency servicesOther: Commerical
94313067City of New OrleansUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Extreme hot daysExtremely seriousThe direct and indirect effects of extreme heat are difficult to quantify. There is no way to place a value on the loss of human life. Potential losses such as power outages could affect businesses, homes, and critical facilities. High demand and intense use of air conditioning can overload the electrical systems and cause damages to infrastructure. If an extreme heat event occurred within the planning area, the event could potentially cause a loss of electricity for ten percent of the population at a cost of $126 per person per day. At 2015 population levels, this would result in $4,498,351 of assumed damage per day.EnergyOther: Health and communityFood and agriculture
94413067City of New OrleansUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Storm surgeExtremely seriousStorm surge in Orleans Parish is primarily the result of hurricanes that approach land from the Gulf of Mexico. The effects of storm surge can be felt in the Parish from hurricanes that make landfall as far away as Texas, Mississippi, or Alabama. The extent of the storm surge hazard covers the entire planning area, and is made worse in some areas based on such factors as elevation and proximity to flood sources (which are in turn related to potential levee failures). Based on historical events and future projections, storm surge up to 15 feet can be expected in some areas of the City. The storm surge threat in Orleans Parish has increased over the past 150 years due to a variety of factors such as coastal erosion, loss of wetlands, and sea level rise.TransportResidentialOther: Commerical
94559552City of Davis, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Vector-borne diseaseSeriousOther: Health and communityOther: Emergency servicesFood and agriculture
94613067City of New OrleansUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Flash/surface floodExtremely seriousFloods have been and continue to be the most frequent, destructive, and costly natural hazard facing Orleans Parish. As of July 2015, Orleans Parish was ranked number one in the State with $7,215,720,337 in total flood insurance payments since 1978. Louisiana has the largest number of repetitive loss properties of any State, and, since the inception of the NFIP in 1968, has the largest numbers of claims and total amounts of claims nationally.ResidentialOther: CommericalTransport
94731181City of PhiladelphiaUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Extreme hot daysSeriousCurrent science projects number of days over 95 to increase from fewer than 5 annually to as many as 50 by 2100.Other: Health and communityResidentialOther: Emergency services
94831181City of PhiladelphiaUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Extreme winter conditionsSeriousProjections indicate that winter precipitation is likely to increase throughout the 21st century.Other: Emergency servicesTransportResidential
94931181City of PhiladelphiaUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Coastal floodSeriousSea level rise will increase flooding risk along Philadelphia's tidal rivers, threatening communities, waterfront industry, and the Philadelphia International Airport.Other: Health and communityOther: CommericalTransport
95031181City of PhiladelphiaUSANorth AmericaC40Public2017Storm surgeSeriousThe Department of Energy modeled the impact of storm surge and sea level rise for Philadelphia, demonstrating the risk for flooding in parts of the city that have not experienced it in the past.Other: Health and communityOther: CommericalEnergy

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created Dec 20 2017

updated Oct 4 2018

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