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2019 Cities Climate Hazards

Row numberQuestionnaire NameAccount NumberAccount NameCountryCDP RegionParentSectionSectionRowNumberClimate HazardsDid this hazard significantly impact your city before 2019?Current probability of hazardCurrent consequence of hazardSocial impact of hazard overallFuture change in frequencyFuture change in intensityWhen do you first expect to experience those changes?Most relevant assets / services affected overallPlease identify which vulnerable populations are affectedMagnitude of expected future impactPlease describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future
801Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Extreme Precipitation > HailYesMediumMediumIncreased risk to already vulnerable populationsDo not knowDo not knowEnvironment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential; Society / community & cultureLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housingLowThe hail have done damage in precarious homes and losses of vegetable and fruit crops.
802Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Storm and wind > Severe windYesMedium HighMedium HighPopulation displacement; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingDo not knowShort-term (by 2025)Food & agriculture; Society / community & cultureLow-income households; Elderly; Persons with disabilities; Persons living in sub-standard housingLowThe hail have done damage in precarious homes and losses of urban woodland.The city is continuously taking care of the health of the woodland to prevent accidents, but the strong winds cause detachment of branches and occasionally fall of the whole tree
803Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Storm and wind > TornadoNoMedium HighMedium HighPopulation displacementDo not knowDo not knowEducation; Transport; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Society / community & culture; Energy; ResidentialLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Elderly; Marginalized groupsMontevideo don't have previous tornado events, but the city is near a tornado corridor. Based in historical wind storms we can estimate that a tornado could make huge damage urban infrastructure.
804Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Storm and wind > Storm surgeYesMediumMediumIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Transport; Energy; Residential; Tourism; Society / community & cultureOther: The coast residentialsAffect all the houses, buildings, and infrastructure by the sea
805Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards7Extreme cold temperature > Cold waveYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illnessDo not knowDo not knowElderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housingDo not knowespecially impact homeless people.
806Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards8Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illnessIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Public healthPersons with disabilities; Persons with chronic diseases; Elderly; Low-income householdsDo not knowSe han detectado enfermedades asociadas a deshidratación, en particular en ancianos de población de bajos recurso. Pero esto no está cuantificado y se trata dentro de los protocolos normales de salud pública a nivel nacional.
807Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards9Water Scarcity > DroughtYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Fluctuating socio-economic conditionsIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Food & agricultureLow-income householdsMediumMontevideo is surrounded by a belt of orchards that provide most of the vegetables and fruits consumed in the city. To this we must add the subsistence agriculture that is fundamental in the families of the rural area of the Department of Montevideo
808Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards10Flood and sea level rise > River floodYesMedium HighMedium LowIncreased risk to already vulnerable populationsDo not knowDo not knowSociety / community & culture; Land use planningMarginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Low-income householdsDo not know
809Cities 201942388Intendencia de MontevideoUruguayLatin AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards11Biological hazards > Vector-borne diseaseYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare servicesIncreasingIncreasingImmediatelyOther: All the citizens of MontevideoMediumMontevideo was for near 100 years a Dengue free zone. Since 2010 the City is being developed a very strong campaign to avoid the epidemic, because Uruguay was the only country in South America without the disese. In 2017 the first local case of dengue was found in Montevideo.
810Cities 201943905City of San Antonio, TXUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Water Scarcity > DroughtYesHighHighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased demand for public servicesIncreasingIncreasingEmergency services; Residential; EnergyChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income householdsDo not knowEach of these areas are impacted based on the vulnerability and hazard mitigation plan and the outline and extensive research provided by the plan. Each component listed here is impacted by the above mentioned areas of concern.
811Cities 201943905City of San Antonio, TXUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesHighHighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingIncreasingEmergency services; Transport; ResidentialModerate to major impact to health and safetyModerate to major impact to propertyImpacting properties that where once not considered in the floodplain and highway systems
812Cities 201943905City of San Antonio, TXUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Storm and wind > Tropical stormMediumMedium HighIncreasingIncreasingEnergy; Transport; Emergency servicesModerate impact to health and safetyModerate impact to property
813Cities 201943905City of San Antonio, TXUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Biological hazards > Vector-borne diseaseHighHighIncreasingIncreasingOther; Water supply & sanitation; Public healthIncreasingly becoming a problem with insect migration
814Cities 201943905City of San Antonio, TXUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysYesHighHighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Energy; Commercial; Water supply & sanitation; Food & agriculture; Residential; Public health; TourismChildren & youth; Persons with disabilities; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Low-income householdsHighStudies show that San Antonio could see 97 days a year with a heat index over 100 degrees and 59 days above 105 degrees by mid-century if no global action is taken to combat climate change. Historically, San Antonio averages 29 days a year with a heat index above 100 degrees and five days above 105 degrees, based on 1971-2000 records.https://www.expressnews.com/news/environment/article/Climate-change-study-San-Antonio-could-see-more-14097926.php
815Cities 201943907City of Indianapolis, INUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormYesHighMediumIncreased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Fluctuating socio-economic conditionsIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Water supply & sanitation; Public health; Food & agriculture; Waste management; Residential; TransportElderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Marginalized groups; Persons with disabilities; Low-income householdsDo not knowFlooding is one of the biggest hazards and is expected to see an increase in severity over the coming decades. The city’s infrastructure is aging, and in the event of a 100 year flood event as much as $3.6 Billion in damage is estimated. The ongoing Deep Rock Tunnel project is aimed to mitigate the potential impact of such events but is unlikely to eliminate it altogether. City is also implementing a 20-year, $320 million storm water capital improvement program to eliminate identified neighborhood flooding and drainage issues. In 2016, severe flooding occurred causing 15,000 residents to lose power. Between 2013 and 2018, there were 15 floods and 22 flash floods causing a total of $377.8 thousand dollars in damages. Spring and Summer of 2019 have been some of the wetter months on record according to Weather.gov. Average rainfalls from February through April were well above the 2.3 to 3.8 inch averages. May’s precipitation was below the 5.05 inch record at just 4.16 inches, but June’s precipitation may surpass the month’s average of 4.25 inches.Source: https://www.weather.gov/ind/Precip_scorecard_IND
816Cities 201943907City of Indianapolis, INUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveYesMediumMediumIncreased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased resource demand; Increased conflict and/or crimeIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Food & agriculture; Residential; Energy; Public healthMarginalized groups; Persons with disabilities; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Low-income households; ElderlyHighHotter summers will make it increasingly difficult for the community to meet ozone standards, requiring stricter environmental controls and discouraging business expansion. Hotter summers will also result in increased education costs. Currently, Indianapolis Public Schools sends children with asthma to air conditioned schools. Schools without air conditioning will need to find ways to provide a comfortable learning environment. Increased heat waves in intensity and duration typically produce air quality stagnation which increases PM2.5 and ozone levels. Public health faces greater jeopardy not only from the heat but also the deterioration of air quality associated with it. Children, older adults, and anyone working outdoors are at the greater risk. In addition, increases in pollution levels reduce crop yields and also decrease the visibility, both of which have economic and quality of life impacts. The last heat wave recorded by NOAA was in 2000, which resulted in one death. In 2017, there was a heat wave in Marion County that included multiple days with heat indices of approximately 100 degrees.
817Cities 201943907City of Indianapolis, INUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysYesHighMedium LowIncreased resource demand; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Energy; Public health; Water supply & sanitation; Food & agriculturePersons with chronic diseases; Children & youth; Other; ElderlyDo not knowExtreme heat is one of the biggest hazards and is expected to see an increase in severity over the coming decades. The city has vulnerable populations that will experience an increased risk of hospitalization or death with more intense heat. Increased heat waves in intensity and duration typically produce air quality stagnation which increases PM2.5 and ozone levels. Public health faces greater jeopardy not only from the heat but also the deterioration of air quality associated with it. Children, older adults and anyone working outdoors are at the greater risk. In addition, increases in pollution levels reduce crop yields and also decrease the visibility, both of which have economic and quality of life impacts.
818Cities 201943907City of Indianapolis, INUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormYesHighMedium HighLoss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to citiesIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Water supply & sanitation; Transport; Food & agricultureLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; OtherDo not knowThe city’s infrastructure is aging, and in the event of a severe rain storm lead to as much as $3.6 Billion in estimated damage through flooding. The ongoing Deep Rock Tunnel project is aimed to mitigate the potential impact of such events but is unlikely to eliminate it altogether. City is also implementing a 20-year, $320 million storm water capital improvement program to eliminate identified neighborhood flooding and drainage issues. In May 2017, a heavy storm brought 8.5 inches of rain in less than 24 hours. Many roads were closed as a result and farm fields and homes were affected.Spring and Summer 2019 have been some of the wetter months on record according to Weather.gov. Average rainfalls from February through April were well above the 2.3 to 3.8 inch averages. May’s precipitation was below the 5.05 inch record at just 4.16 inches, but June’s precipitation may surpass the month’s average of 4.25 inches.Source: https://www.weather.gov/ind/Precip_scorecard_IND
819Cities 201943907City of Indianapolis, INUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Storm and wind > TornadoDo not knowLowDo not knowIncreased risk to already vulnerable populationsDo not knowDo not knowLong-term (after 2050)Public health; Residential; Information & communications technologyPersons with disabilities; Other; Persons living in sub-standard housingDo not knowTornadoes are one of the most damaging events that can occur in the Midwest, but there is no clear evidence as to how or if climate change will impact their frequency or intensity. Tornadoes in 2016 and 2014 damaged 100 homes and over 200 vehicles.
820Cities 201943907City of Indianapolis, INUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Water Scarcity > DroughtYesMedium LowMedium LowLoss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased demand for healthcare servicesIncreasingIncreasingLong-term (after 2050)Food & agriculture; Water supply & sanitation; Commercial; Public healthLow-income households; Other; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseasesDo not knowThough Central Indiana has reliable sources of water, current water use patterns paired with increasing temperatures and reduced precipitation could lead to severe drought conditions within the next 5 to 10 years. In 2012, Indianapolis had a drought that lasted 45 days which caused significant losses to agricultural producers.
821Cities 201943909City of Orlando, FLUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysHighHighIncreasingIncreasingCommercial; Public health; ResidentialWith the already-dangerous heat conditions in Florida, these significant increases in temperatures, in terms of individual days, averages, and seasonal changes, present serious implications for the health of local residents. The risk for heat-related health impacts is highest amongst infants, young children, the elderly over 65, those already ill, athletes, those spending time outside, including outdoor workers, those engaging in physical activity, and those who don’t have access to air conditioning (Climate Central, “U.S. faces dramatic rise in extreme heat, humidity”, 2016), as well as those in more urban areas within the city, due an increase in the Urban Heat Island effect (Environmental Protection Agency & Center for Disease Control, 2016). Since 9.4% of Orlando’s residents are over the age of 65, 7.1% are under five years old, and one-in-five of all residents (20.2%) live at or below the poverty line, which is above average among the lower 48 states (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017), we have a large representation of groups are considered to be especially vulnerable to extreme heat. Furthermore, during dangerously hot days, the risk for these heat-related effects sharply increases and can reach even healthy young adults to middle-aged individuals. According to current predictions, annual heat-related deaths will increase to tens-of-thousands by the end of the century (Climate Central, “U.S. faces dramatic rise in extreme heat, humidity”, 2016), and, with the projections for our region, many of these deaths will occur in Central Florida. For individuals and families with pets that spend some or all of their time outside or do not have air conditioning, this also presents a serious risk (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013). These heat impacts may also provide a strain on the healthcare system when faced with increased hospitalizations and doctors’ visits, need for home care, and insurance claims. (Climate Central, “U.S. faces dramatic rise in extreme heat, humidity”, 2016).The impacts from high heat also interact with other climate hazards that can result in amplified risks. This elevated heat can contribute to stagnant air, which has been increasing in Central Florida, and allows dangerous levels of both air pollutants and ground-level ozone to build up in the local area (Climate Central, “Stagnant air on the rise, upping ozone risk”, 2016).
822Cities 201943909City of Orlando, FLUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Storm and wind > Lightning / thunderstormHighMediumIncreasingIncreasingSociety / community & culture; Other; Public healthIncreased cloud-to-ground lightning strikes can result in more deaths and injuries, putting at risk local residents spending time outside, whether in careers that require outdoor workon-the-job, for leisure, or simply engaging in day-to-day activities, such as mowing the lawn (Jensenius, 2017). Additionally, this risk may be even higher for the large number of visitors to Orlando who may be less familiar with the frequency and danger of lightning and the need to take shelter, even when storms are not directly overhead.These strikes can also result in damages to the local electric infrastructure, which may already be strained due to other storm elements, such as heavy winds, as well as commercial and residential property damage, and add to the risk of wildfires (as discussed in the corresponding section of this document).
823Cities 201943909City of Orlando, FLUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Storm and wind > TornadoMedium HighMediumIncreasingIncreasingCommercial; Emergency services; Public healthAn increase in tornadoes could lead to loss of human and animal life and significant injuries, stemming from both direct impact from a tornado combined with minimal shelter or protection that can withstand the intense winds present and projectile debris (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013).Additionally, there is a high potential for structural damage ranging from minor roof damage to the complete demolition of the structure, depending on the location of the tornado, building type, year built, etc. Orange County has $104,657,193,000,000 in structures and $4,470,000 and $564,300,000 in annualized structural losses and County facilities that are considered at risk from tornadoes, with $240,000 in annualized facilities losses from damage (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013). While there are likely to be economic losses due to tornado damage, there is often increased economic activity in the wake of homes and businesses being rebuilt and repaired.
824Cities 201943909City of Orlando, FLUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Storm and wind > Cyclone (Hurricane / Typhoon)HighHighIncreasingIncreasingCommercial; Emergency services; ResidentialAn increase in severe hurricane activity will result in increased injuries and fatalities caused by flooding and storm debris and power outages, during, before and after the storm. Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur during or after the storm has passed if gas-powered generators are placed in an area without proper ventilation, as occurred during the series of Florida hurricanes in 2005. Additionally, populations sensitive to heat, such as the elderly, may be left without power for air conditioning for extended periods of time resulting in injury and fatalities, as tragically occurred in South Florida after Hurricane Irma (Fritz, 2017; Ochoa, 2017). Finally, foodborne illness can result due to lack of power for refrigeration, and water-borne illness from drinking or preparing food with water that has been contaminated from the strains on water reclamation facilities and other sources of water pollution (Florida Department of Health, 2015).
825Cities 201943909City of Orlando, FLUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodHighMedium HighIncreasingIncreasingEmergency services; Public health; Environment, biodiversity, forestrySome of the highest risk areas for increased flooding include the outer edges of the Orlando with poorer draining soil, those in the neighborhoods to the south of downtown Orlando, and those near the Econlockhatchee River and Lake Hart, which present riverine and flash flooding threats, respectively, as well as potential dam failure at both locations.Based on past events in Florida, injuries and death could result from these flooding events, particularly involving automobile accidents during dangerous conditions. Illness may also result due to water contamination. Responders would also be at risk when responding to calls for assistance or rescue.
826Cities 201943909City of Orlando, FLUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Water Scarcity > DroughtMedium LowMedium LowIncreasingIncreasingPublic health; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; OtherOften drought conditions in Florida first impact the agricultural sector. However, since this industry is very limited in Orlando, the impacts are more likely to be first seen across surface water in the City’s lakes and streams, as well as subsurface ground water upon which we depend for our potable water for drinking, plumbing, and irrigation. Impacts on local flora and smaller community gardens and urban agriculture may also be experienced.The effect of droughts in the region would also be dangerous for its impacts on other hazards. By lowering water tables and compromising the integrity of soil for holding large amounts of water, droughts present an elevated risk for sinkholes. The dry conditions also raise the risk for wildfires.The local impacts of water regulations could impact the hospitality and tourism sectors, including the water-based attractions at local theme parks, attractions, and hotels, as well as local ecotourism, such as tubing, paddleboarding, and kayaking in local lakes, streams, and springs. Since these industries represent a large portion of the local economy, these impacts could have a significant negatively influence. Additionally, with damages to the statewide agricultural industry, prices on a number of crops, including oranges, grapefruit, sweet corn, watermelons, cucumbers, squash, snap peas and sugar cane, as well as beef, could rise due to reduced supply.
827Cities 201943909City of Orlando, FLUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards7Wild fire > Forest fireHighMedium HighIncreasingIncreasingCommercial; Public health; OtherA higher risk for wildfires puts our vulnerable county in danger of extensive property damage. The total value of structures at risk for wildfire damage (broken down by occupancy type in the table above) in Orange County is $17,197,000,000, with an estimated annualized loss of $1,405,000 and the total value of County facilities (shown with values in table below) is $1,454,500,000 with an estimated annualized loss of $32,610 (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013). The greatest loss potential lies in the single-family residential homes, many of which lie within the WUI in Orlando.Any wildfire activity will result in damage to forested lands and protected natural lands that provide habitats and nesting areas for local wildlife and valuable biodiversity within the region (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013), which could negative economic impacts not only for the previously occupied structures, but also future development potential in the area.There is also a possibility for death and injuries, although less common, during the early stages of wildfires and throughout the process of evacuation. A higher risk of harm exists for responders involved in the fire suppression, particularly if the fire grows or suddenly changes directions.Other dangers include possible transportation disruption across the interstate system, as was the case during Florida wildfires in 2012, which can affect local residents as well as the many visitors to the region.
828Cities 201943910City of Columbus, OHUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesHighHighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased demand for public servicesIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Energy; Transport; Water supply & sanitationLow-income households; Elderly; Children & youth; Unemployed persons; Persons with disabilities; Persons living in sub-standard housingHighOhio has seen large increases in heavy storms that can lead to flooding. In 2018, the city set a new annual precipitation record of 55.18 inches, when the average annual value is 39.31 inches. Heavy rain has led to flooding of basements and road closures. Models project those trends will continue, creating major vulnerabilities to energy and water infrastructure, health, and transportation. https://byrd.osu.edu/sites/byrd.osu.edu/files/CCAP%20-%20Flooding.pdf
829Cities 201943910City of Columbus, OHUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Flood and sea level rise > River floodYesHighHighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illnessIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Energy; Water supply & sanitation; TransportPersons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Elderly; Marginalized groups; Low-income householdsHighOhio has seen large increases in heavy storms that can lead to flooding of major rivers. From the 1951-1980 period to the 1981-2010 period, the amount of precipitation falling during the heaviest 1% of precipitation events increased by 36.2%. Models project those trends will continue, increasing flood damage risks to infrastructure. The Department of Public Utilities is creating a tool that involves collaboration between DPU, the Department of Public Safety, Columbus Police, and Columbus Fire on the creation of roadway routing for emergency and residential vehicles. While this tool would only be used during major river flooding, it would be a first step to identifying and communicating transportation routes. anhttps://byrd.osu.edu/sites/byrd.osu.edu/files/CCAP%20-%20Flooding.pdfd public health.
830Cities 201943910City of Columbus, OHUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormYesHighHighIncreased demand for public services; Fluctuating socio-economic conditionsIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Energy; Water supply & sanitation; TransportPersons with chronic diseases; Other: Those employed by the agricultural sector; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housingHighTotal precipitation in Columbus has increased 19.8%, from 1951 through 2012. Fall precipitation increased dramatically, by 43.5% (3.2 inches). As temperatures warm and precipitation increases, the form and timing of precipitation will likely change. The number of days dry enough to plant crops in the spring may be reduced and the potential for rain on semi-frozen ground may increase. The agricultural sector will likely see an increased need for irrigation and controlled drainage and may need to treat livestock for infection and disease. The city will likely see increased infrastructure and property damage due to extreme weather and flooding.
831Cities 201943910City of Columbus, OHUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysNoMedium HighMedium HighIncreased demand for public services; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Public health; Emergency services; Water supply & sanitationLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Children & youth; ElderlyHighIn Columbus, Ohio the annual average temperatures warmed by 2.3°F from 1951-2012, faster than national and global rates. Rising temperatures increase the potential for extremely hot days. By mid-century, Columbus could see an additional 3 to 7 weeks per year of high temperatures exceeding 90°F, and an additional 1 to 2 weeks exceeding 95°F.
832Cities 201943910City of Columbus, OHUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveNoMediumHighIncreased resource demand; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Food & agriculture; Water supply & sanitation; Public healthLow-income households; Elderly; Children & youth; Persons living in sub-standard housingHighIn early July, 2018, temperatures reached 94 degrees F and stayed over 90 degrees for four days. To reduce residents' vulnerability to sun exposure and intense heat, some city recreation centers extended their hours . Mayor Ginther released the following statement: “I encourage residents to take care during extreme heat,” said Mayor Ginther. “Our community centers are a safe place to cool off.” Temperatures are expected to continue rising and the frequency of extreme heat days are predicted to increase. In the future, Columbus may need to keep recreation centers open more often to ensure resident safety and will need to create a more robust public-private network of resilience hubs for residents to use during extreme weather events.
833Cities 201943910City of Columbus, OHUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Biological hazards > Water-borne diseaseNoMediumHighIncreased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased demand for public servicesIncreasingIncreasingMedium-term (2026-2050)Public health; Water supply & sanitation; ResidentialChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseasesHighWith stronger storms comes flashier flows, more runoff and greater chances of sewer overflows that can contaminate water supplies. During heavy rain events water flows through storm sewers under the force of gravity to lower elevations including the city’s major rivers. During elevated river levels, flow in storm sewers may reverse direction and flow from the river into protected areas. Floodgates and backflow preventers are designed to restrict water flow from inundating these protected areas, but this could be an area of impact in the future. There could be an increased need for water treatment due to deteriorated water quality.
834Cities 201943911City of Ottawa, ONCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards0
835Cities 201943911City of Ottawa, ONCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditionsHighHighIncreasingIncreasing
836Cities 201943911City of Ottawa, ONCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormHighHighIncreasingIncreasing
837Cities 201943911City of Ottawa, ONCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Storm and wind > Severe windHighMedium HighIncreasingIncreasing
838Cities 201943911City of Ottawa, ONCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveHighMedium HighIncreasingIncreasing
839Cities 201943912City of Edmonton, ABCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme Precipitation > Heavy snowYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased resource demand; Increased demand for public services; Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsDo not knowIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Emergency services; Energy; TransportElderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilitiesMediumA snowfall which is heavy enough to cause significant inconvenience and hazardous conditions, including impacts to trees, overhead electrical or communications systems, and overloading of building roofs. For the purposes of Edmonton VRA, this was defined as an event with accumulated snowfall of at least 50 cm. A heavy snowfall causes transportation disruptions and can also increase the likelihood of car accidents with associated injuries and fatalities. It can also increase the incidence of heart attacks from snow shoveling. Both these impacts put additional stress on emergency management services and personnel. Newer homes and buildings in the city are designed to withstand a larger snowfalls; however, some older structures may be challenged by new snow loads. The consequences for Edmonton's electricity grid could be widespread, but impacts would be short-lived and less serious. The extent of the impacts depends on the duration and timing of the event. A heavy snow event in May or September, when there are leaves on the trees, could cause significant tree damage and increase the likelihood of power outages. Vulnerable populations include low income individuals living in older, less structurally sound homes that are less able to withstand heavy snow loads. A power outage in the middle of winter can have a significant impact on the homeless and low income individuals and families. Individuals predisposed to heart failure and disease are also particularly vulnerable.
840Cities 201943912City of Edmonton, ABCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Storm and wind > Severe windYesHighMedium HighIncreased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingDo not knowShort-term (by 2025)Residential; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Emergency servicesPersons living in sub-standard housing; Low-income householdsHighSevere winds are any straight-line winds of sufficient strength to cause damage to exposed vegetation, buildings and infrastructure. For the purposes of Edmonton VRA, these are defined as wind gusts reaching or exceeding a speed of 90 km per hour.Regarding the built environment, severe winds can affect buildings and construction sites, potentially blowing siding, shingles, and solar panels off houses, blowing over cranes, or blowing debris off construction sites. Damage to buildings and property is exacerbated when winds are widespread and longer lasting. If widespread, a severe wind event impacting a major construction site could result in injuries and fatalities, with major implications for emergency management services. Severe wind can impact the environment, notably the urban canopy, damaging trees, which will increase maintenance costs and disrupt access to parks. Depending on the number of downed trees, this could have a major impact on waste management services, which is not equipped to collect tree debris. Other environmental impacts from severe wind could include soil erosion with potential consequences for vegetation germination, and mixing layers in the water column, which could lead to the development of cyanobacteria. Telecommunications and electricity transmissions infrastructure is built to withstand this level of wind event. However, electricity distribution lines could be impacted, with some isolated power outages. Vulnerable populations include the homeless and low income individuals and families. These populations have limited ability to take shelter during a severe wind event, and tend to live in older, lower quality homes that are less able to withstand winds without experiencing damage. These vulnerable populations also have difficulty evacuating and often don't have access to private automobiles.
841Cities 201943912City of Edmonton, ABCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditionsYesHighMediumIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demandIncreasingDo not knowShort-term (by 2025)Information & communications technology; Energy; TransportLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housingHighThis hazard information is specific to Freezing Rain, a specific condition that arises during extreme winter conditions. This hazard was specifically identified as an important hazard for consideration and prioritization for Edmonton's adaptation strategy. This impact is defined as rain that freezes on impact to form a coating of clear ice on the ground and on exposed objects. For Edmonton's VRA, this hazards was defined as years with one or more freezing rain events meeting the minimum Environment and Climate Change Canada's warning criteria.Freezing rain is rain that freezes on impact to form a coating of clear ice on the ground and on exposed objects. Freezing rain has the most severe impacts on the following asset and service areas: road transportation, electricity system, and information and communications infrastructure.Regarding the road network, freezing rain causes increased maintenance costs and can also lead to vehicle accidents with associated injuries and fatalities. Freezing rain on surfaces also increases the risk of slips and falls, leading to injuries.Freezing rain will affect electricity distribution infrastructure, leading to increased incidence of power outages, as well as delays in restoring power following an outage (due to concurrent disruption to the road network). High voltage lines will experience some sagging, but if they failed the impacts could be more widespread and significant. A major power outage affecting the downtown core would have major impacts.Information and communications infrastructure, primarily microwave towers, could also be impacted by freezing rain causing service losses. Indirect impacts associated with power outages and telecommunication disruption could be widespread, and affecting multiple service areas: water supply, buildings, rail transport, public health and safety and the economy. No specific vulnerable populations were identified.
842Cities 201943912City of Edmonton, ABCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveNoHighMedium HighIncreased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased demand for healthcare servicesIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Public health; Emergency services; TransportElderly; Persons with chronic diseases; Children & youth; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housingHighHeat waves are defined as a period of extreme hot weather creating hazardous thermal conditions. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, heat wave conditions are defined as five consecutive days with maximum temperature greater or equal to 29 degrees Celsius.Regarding the rail network, heat waves can lead to "sun kinks" on the rail line, damaging rail infrastructure and causing transport disruption, with indirect economic impacts due to supply/customer chain disruption. Heat waves can also impact road transportation, including bus transit services, causing overheating. Vulnerable populations, such as the homeless who have limited ability to take shelter during a heat wave, and low income individuals and families who have limited ability to pay space cooling costs (or have access to air conditioning), are particularly at risk to adverse health outcomes. Another vulnerable group are people who work outdoors. Individuals among these groups with existing pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions are most at risk. There are proven associations between heat stress and a range of adverse health effects. Health risks are compounded if extreme heat is accompanied by weather conditions conducive to the formation of smog or a general deterioration in air quality. An intense, long duration heat wave has potential to cause power outages associated with high air conditioning use and reduced efficiency on lines; accompanied by adverse health impacts associated with heat stress, this could lead to an emergency situation. Historically heat waves in Edmonton have not been as common as cold spells, and the city is not as prepared to deal with severe heat waves.
843Cities 201943912City of Edmonton, ABCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysNoMedium HighMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased resource demand; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illnessIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Public health; Commercial; ResidentialLow-income households; Marginalized groups; Children & youth; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; ElderlyHighHeat waves are defined as a period of extreme hot weather creating hazardous thermal conditions. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, extreme hot days are defined as a day with maximum temperature greater or equal to 29 degrees Celsius.A single hot day could give rise to adverse health outcomes among particularly vulnerable groups; individuals with existing pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions, living along, and unable to mitigate exposure or sensitivity to the heat due to socio-economic circumstances. There is a small risk of rail snaking. Users of public transport may also experience some discomfort due to overheating on buses.
844Cities 201943912City of Edmonton, ABCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Water Scarcity > DroughtYesMedium HighHighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Loss of traditional jobs; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased resource demand; Migration from rural areas to citiesIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Food & agriculture; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Water supply & sanitationMarginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Low-income householdsHighDrought is defined as one year of anomalously low moisture during the frost-free season, expressed by a drought severity index. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, drought was specifically defined by a Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) value of -2 or below.Droughts can have consequences on the urban forest, parks, and aquatic environment in Edmonton. Birch trees can be particularly impacted due to their shallow root systems which cannot tolerate drought. Drought can impact aquatic life, via reduced water levels and increased water temperature, which can lead to a deterioration in water quality. Compared to other parts of the province, Edmonton's food system is not very well equipped to deal with drought. Drought will affect commercial crops and home and community gardens, causing reduced productivity and in extreme cases crop failure. Most crops in the Edmonton area are not drought resistant. Reduced agricultural output will have indirect economic impacts on supply/customer chains, though commercial losses will likely be insured. For the water supply system, drought can reduce available water supply and could lead to water use restrictions.
845Cities 201943912City of Edmonton, ABCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards7Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Population displacement; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingIncreasingShort-term (by 2025)Transport; Residential; Water supply & sanitationPersons with chronic diseases; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Low-income households; Persons with disabilitiesHighThis impact is specific to urban flooding due to inadequate drainage capacity - and is defined as precipitation that creates a hazardous and intense short-duration rainfall in the urban environment, resulting in overland or more localized flash flooding conditions. For Edmonton's VRA, this was specifically defined as 80 mm of rainfall during an event, with the majority (>40 mm) occurring in a short period (<2 hrs).High intensity rainfalls can overwhelm stormwater management infrastructure and cause flooding of streets, homes, and commercial property. The consequences for the built environment can be significant; and include damage to buildings and contents, with potential economic impacts to affected businesses. If drainage infrastructure is damaged, or malfunctions, consequences for low-lying roads and underpasses can be severe, causing major transport disruptions. Injuries and even fatalities on affected routes are possible. Clean-up costs can be significant. In areas of the city with combined water and sewer and systems, intense rainfall can overwhelm the sewage treatment system and cause sewage backup into homes, as well as the release of untreated sewage into the North Saskatchewan River. No specific vulnerable populations were identified.
846Cities 201943914City of Charlotte, NCUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysMedium HighHighIncreasingIncreasingEmergency services; Residential; Water supply & sanitationWith rising global temperatures the city expects to see a continuing increase in extreme heat days. This will continue from the present day through to the long-term. This is expected to cause water stress, impact emergency services and disproportionately affect lower-income groups.
847Cities 201943914City of Charlotte, NCUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodMediumMedium HighIncreasingIncreasingEnergy; Emergency services; TransportAs global warming continues the city anticipates increased incidences of high-impact events. This will include intense rainfall events that are likely to lead to localised flooding. This combined with Charlotte’s rapid development has the potential to impact energy systems with cascading effects impacting emergency services and transportation. There is clear additional impacts on the storm-water and wastewater infrastructures.
848Cities 201943914City of Charlotte, NCUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Chemical change > Atmospheric CO2 concentrationsMedium HighHighIncreasingIncreasingEnergy; Food & agriculture; Public healthAn increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions are the basis of the aforementioned impacts directly on Charlotte. There is, however, the potential for significant additional impacts that will affect our supply chains notably regard to food. In the medium to long-term we also expect to see displacement of individuals with Charlotte being a natural destination where people would want to live. This additional warming is likely to lead to increased incidences of certain diseases becoming more prevalent in Charlotte. With this increased warming and its associated climatic impacts there is a real potential for energy supplies to be negatively impacted – as these, similar to food, will extend long way beyond Charlotte’s borders. Each of these impacts can be interlinked and show how Charlotte will be impacted in a systems context.
849Cities 201943917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveDo not knowMediumMedium HighIncreased resource demand; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIncreasingIncreasingLong-term (after 2050)Water supply & sanitation; Emergency services; Education; Public health; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Energy; Transport; Waste management; Tourism; ResidentialPersons living in sub-standard housing; Children & youth; Elderly; Women & girls; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilitiesMediumSofia is experiencing different climate change impacts. They are mainly connected with higher temperatures and changes in the precipitations, In regard to the temperatures, the statistical significance and the sustainability of the results for all periods and scenarios provide a strong basis for the following conclusions: - A significant rise in average temperatures is expected by mid-century in both climate scenarios, with RCP4 .5, are achieved by the middle of the century at RCP8.5. As a consequence, an equivalent change follows for the vegetation period.- Expectations of a significant rise in extremely high temperatures are still in the middle of the century and in both scenarios, with the conclusion being true both for the day and for the night. Also, an equivalent increase is expected for the duration of the hot periods. RCP4.5 results for the end of the century are achieved in RCP8.5 by the middle of the century. - Considerable warming is expected during the cold periods in both scenarios by the middle of the century, with RCP4.5's end-of-century results attained by mid-century at RCP8.5. The number of days of freezing as well as frosting falls significantly. A significant decrease in the length of the cold waves, as for RCP8.5 long periods of cold weather practically do not expect until the end of the century.Rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century.
850Cities 201943917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards & VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodDo not knowMediumMedium HighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Increased resource demand; Increased demand for healthcare servicesIncreasingIncreasingLong-term (after 2050)Society / community & culture; Commercial; Emergency services; Education; Water supply & sanitation; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Food & agriculture; Residential; Waste management; Industrial; Tourism; Transport; EnergyElderly; Children & youth; Persons with disabilities; Women & girlsMedium

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Profile Picture Amy Bills

created Nov 16 2021

updated Nov 16 2021

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This dataset contains responses to question 2.1 on climate hazards as reported by local authorities through the 2019 CDP Cities questionnaire.

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