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2020 Cities Climate Hazards
| Row number | Questionnaire Name | Account Number | Account Name | Country | CDP Region | Parent Section | Section | Row Number | Row Name | Climate Hazards | Did this hazard significantly impact your city before 2020? | Current probability of hazard | Current magnitude of hazard | Social impact of hazard overall | Most relevant assets / services affected overall | Please identify which vulnerable populations are affected | Future change in frequency | Future change in intensity | Future expected magnitude of hazard | When do you first expect to experience those changes in frequency and intensity? | Please describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future |
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| 801 | Cities 2020 | 37261 | City of Pietermaritzburg | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 8 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Food & agriculture; Public health | Increasing | Increasing | Immediately | currently, temperatures have been extremely high in Pietermaritzburg over prolonged periods of time | |||
| 802 | Cities 2020 | 37261 | City of Pietermaritzburg | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 9 | Biological hazards > Insect infestation | Yes | Medium Low | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture | Indigenous population; Other, please specify: the extent of the pest infection is currently unknown, however, due to the temperature variations experienced recently, there have been a number of incidents reported of pest / insect activity | Do not know | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | An outbreak of fall armyworms that has attacked maize plants might spread to sugarcane in KwaZulu-Natal, where a warm climate would help the pest survive through the year Food security experts believe small-scale farmers will be the most effected by the infestation and spread of the fall armyworm in KZN. Experts say many sugarcane farmers – who form the core of the local farming industry – are unable to afford the pesticides required to contain the worm once it’s been detected, which could increase its chances of spreading further.The armyworms, which arrived in west Africa from the Americas early in 2016, spread south through Zambia and Zimbabwe before arriving in Africa’s biggest producer of maize. The alien pest, confirmed in SA in February, has already spread to all nine provinces, including eastern KwaZulu-Natal, where the bulk of cane is grown. | |
| 803 | Cities 2020 | 37261 | City of Pietermaritzburg | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 10 | Storm and wind > Storm surge | Yes | Medium High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | increasing in intensity by decreasing in frequency | |
| 804 | Cities 2020 | 42120 | City of Salvador | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Mass movement > Landslide | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Emergency services; Energy; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Unemployed persons | Decreasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | The landslides have occurred since the foundation of Salvador, becoming more and more recurrent as a result of several factors such as: increased migration in the 50s, due to the economic growth of Salvador, and consequent valorization of the urban soil; unstable soils such as massapé; the geological-geotechnical constraints; inadequate land use and occupation. In addition to these factors, it is important to point out the issue of deforestation, which causes erosion, and the garbage dumped in the hills, which causes overweight in the soil structures. Every year there are intense rains in the winter season. In 2015, there was a tragedy in which 15 people died due to landsliding in a poor neighborhood in Salvador. Since then, the city government has intensified efforts to reduce the impact of weather events and involve the local community. However, there are still many challenges due to lack of human resources and material, lack of support from some local leaderships due to political orientations that are contrary to the current government, and difficulty of access to some areas due to their precariousness. In the near future, heavy rains will continue to impact informal urban dwellers, due to the rapid urban expansion and the peculiar topography of Salvador.From the mapping carried out, it is possible to observe that the highest level of landslide threat is concentrated in the southern portion of the city of Salvador, decreasing as it approaches areas further north. The temporal analysis indicates a tendency to reduce the threat level over the analyzed periods, and in 2030 more areas are expected to be under high and very high threat compared to 2100. | |
| 805 | Cities 2020 | 42120 | City of Salvador | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Emergency services; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Although the 1976-2099 period presents trends of reduction (p <0.05) in total annual rainfall and consecutive days with rains above 25 mm, about 81 and 40% of years in the same period show total annual rainfall ≥ 1000 mm and more than 10 consecutive days with rains above 25 mm, respectively. In addition, estimates show that approximately 67% of the years between 1976-2099 show maximum annual precipitation on a day greater than 50 mm. The flood risk map for the city shows that a good part of the territory, and consequently the population, may suffer from the increased risk of flooding, pointing to the years 2030, 2050 and 2100. The critical risk map, in the which points out the most critical areas in relation to the risk of heat wave points out that almost all administrative-areas have areas of critical risk | |
| 806 | Cities 2020 | 42120 | City of Salvador | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Water Scarcity > Drought | No | Low | Low | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | The water sources that supply the city are outside the municipal boundaries, and with the rain scarcity and lack of water in reservoirs, there is both a logistical issue of bringing water from further regions as an environmental/social issue of having less water available for the population. Meteorological drought is one of the threats that can directly and indirectly affect Salvador's population and supply system. Analyzes indicate that over the years, problems related to water deficit tend to accentuate, with the Pedra do Cavalo Dam region being more exposed to high and / or very high levels of drought threat in 2030, 2050 and 2100. Such factor can be related to the trend of reduced rainfall over the years. Thus, the lack of precipitation tends to increase the area of meteorological drought, mainly affecting the surroundings of Salvador.The factors that intensify the risk become the population's exposure and vulnerability. In this case, the housing deficit condition, together with population concentrations are the greatest forces in defining the areas with the highest risk. Income is an especially important factor for adaptation capacity related to drought, since the supply rate helps in the population's adaptive capacity, and consequently, in reducing their vulnerability.The meteorological drought risk map indicates that the part of the territory of Salvador located in the southwest, west, and northwest will be the regions that have the highest risk. | |
| 807 | Cities 2020 | 42120 | City of Salvador | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Emergency services; Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | The municipality of Salvador has a tropical rainforest climate in the Atlantic Forest, with high relative humidity, low thermal amplitude throughout the year due to both its proximity to the sea and its location in the Tropics and low temporal variability of precipitation over all year. Salvador is already suffering from extreme daily rain events. In April 2020, for example, the city recorded, in one day, 1/3 of rain expected for the month, which means approximately 100mm. The analysis shows a tendency to reduce rainfall in the city of Salvador in the analyzed time series and points to an increase in interannual variability, that is, years of excess rain are projected much above the current normal and years of rain deficit much below normal . According to projections, the periods of consecutive days without rain will be longer, as well as the consecutive periods with rain will be shorter. The models indicate that the extreme daily rain events will occur with increasing accumulations. It is noteworthy that the projections of accumulated 5 days of rain show an increase over the 21st century, making the areas of the upper level of the municipality of Salvador more vulnerable to landslides, since there are declining slopes. | |
| 808 | Cities 2020 | 42120 | City of Salvador | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | Medium | Medium Low | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | When analyzing the map of the heat wave threat, the result of the climate model used for heat wave threat for the historical period and for the years 2030, 2050 and 2100, it is noted that the results indicate an increase in the level the threat of heat waves in all scenarios, intensifying progressively throughout Salvador.The factors that intensify the risk are exposure and vulnerability to the population. In this case, the condition of housing deficit, together with the concentrations of sensitive population (children and the elderly), especially in areas with less afforestation, are the greatest forces in defining the areas with the highest risk. Income is an especially important factor in the ability to adapt relatively to hot flashes, as it allows the adoption of technologies that can reduce risk. In addition, access to health systems was considered an adaptive capacity, since the greater the access to these services, the better prepared the region is to reduce the impacts on population health due to temperature spikes, as well as green areas, since the proximity of these areas can be understood as a factor that reduces the local temperature.The heat wave risk index map indicates that a good part of the territory, and consequently the population, may suffer from the increased risk of heat waves, this being pointed out for the years 2030, 2050 and 2100. The map of the critical risk, which points out the most critical areas in relation to the risk of heat wave points out that almost all city-halls have high risk. | |
| 809 | Cities 2020 | 42120 | City of Salvador | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Biological hazards > Vector-borne disease | Yes | Medium High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Education; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Waste management | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | The entire population of the city of Salvador is subject to some degree to the threat of contracting diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti, given the dispersion capacity and the rate of outbreak of disease transmission vectors. It is noteworthy that in the analysis carried out, the climate was treated as a conditioning factor for the occurrence of the vector, and combating the foci of water accumulation, that is, favorable places for the creation of the disease-transmitting mosquito, the best way to avoid the proliferation of the disease.From the results it is possible to observe an increased threat of the proliferation of Aedes aegypti throughout the territory of Salvador in all periods analyzed. It is noted that the threat in the historical period is concentrated in the east of Salvador, on the coast close to the Atlantic Ocean, and for the projections of 2030, 2050 and 2100, the threat is increasing, penetrating almost the entire territory.The factors that intensify the risk are exposure and vulnerability to the population. In this case, in terms of sensitivity, the housing deficit condition, together with the concentrations of sensitive population (children and the elderly), the lack of access to supply, the reduced rate of garbage collection and the proximity to empty land are the factors to strengthen the definition of the areas with the highest risk. In terms of adaptive capacity, income, rates of literate women over 15 years of age, and access to the health system are factors that help to reduce the population's vulnerability. | |
| 810 | Cities 2020 | 42120 | City of Salvador | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | No | Does not currently impact the city | Low | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Loss of traditional jobs; Population displacement | Commercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Land use planning; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Long-term (after 2050) | The areas most strongly impacted by the sea level rise in Salvador are:1) Ilha dos Frades is reached in unoccupied lowlands. Ilha de Maré, in turn, is identified as totally exposed to sea level rise, which should directly affect its occupied / urbanized areas, all located on the shore along the island. Although it is an area of small population, the size of the affected territory is quite expressive, which makes this region one of the most impacted by the dynamics, which is already underway, albeit slowly in the face of other urgencies.2) The Paripe region is reached in an area of consolidated urbanization and predominantly horizontal occupation. Despite the low density of the region, it is a considerable area of developed and occupied urban area, with an increased level of vulnerability due to the low income of the population, which can be more severely affected in situations of risk.3) Itapagipe Bay has a good part of its coastline affected by the increase in sea level - which are largely composed of occupations via landfills. This is one of the areas with the most significant impact in the entire municipality, due to the consolidated pattern of occupation, the size of the population and the amount of non-residential activities reached, and the symbolic-cultural significance of the area for the city. It is also a region highly sensitive to the risk of expulsion of the low-income population due to the impact of infrastructure adaptation interventions, which may constitute a process of social disruption that generates impacts throughout the city.4) The next region to the south follows the shore and goes from Feira de São Joaquim to Mercado Modelo. The impact on this area is also very high due to its constructive density and the existence of large infrastructure equipment, of extreme importance for the city, in the areas directly affected. There is also a significant opportunity for the constructive solution to be thought in terms converging with the urbanistic thinking currently in force on the part of the municipal public power, of valuing the region through the installation of the municipal secretariats in the neighborhood.5) The last major region comprises the coastline mostly appropriated by the population due to its beaches, impacting on tourism and employement | |
| 811 | Cities 2020 | 42123 | City of Goiânia | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Storm and wind > Tropical storm | No | Low | Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Energy; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Do not know | Do not know | Do not know | Short-term (by 2025) | Goiânia had its development accelerated and disorderly, as well as a meager investment in policies for sustainable development. These factors cause the rainy season to bring diverse problems, such as: floods, tree and power outages, impaired water supplies, congestion, pollution of water sources. Following this, there is a proliferation of endemic diseases (Dengue and others) and increased demand for medical services. | |
| 812 | Cities 2020 | 42123 | City of Goiânia | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium High | Medium | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | The dry climate of Goiania coupled with high temperatures worsens the concentration of GHGs. This conjunction of factors greatly contributes to the worsening of the quality of life of its inhabitants. The poor quality of the air generates, especially at that time, numerous respiratory diseases in the population, substantially increasing the demand for medical services. The drought still compromises water supply and sanitation services, as well as causing the fires. | |
| 813 | Cities 2020 | 42123 | City of Goiânia | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Chemical change > Atmospheric CO2 concentrations | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health | Children & youth; Elderly; Marginalized groups | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | The accelerated growth of Goiânia, together with the increase in the number of vehicles, as well as the scarce investment in policies aimed at sustainable development, increases the emission of GHGs and in many cases contributes to the worsening of air quality indexes. In this city of more than 1 million inhabitants this scenario promotes the formation of heat islands, generating even more pollution, leading to the proliferation of diseases and consequent increase in the demand for health services. | |
| 814 | Cities 2020 | 42178 | Distrito Metropolitano de Quito | Ecuador | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Los episodios de lluvias intensa constituyen una de las amenazas o desencadenantes climáticos más recurrentes en el DMQ y tienen asociados dos efectos físicos o potenciales impactos: los movimientos en masa y las inundaciones. Los principales desencadenantes de las lluvias extremas son los movimientos en masa (zona rural y urbana) e inundaciones (zona urbana). | |
| 815 | Cities 2020 | 42178 | Distrito Metropolitano de Quito | Ecuador | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Wild fire > Forest fire | Yes | High | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Other, please specify: Biodiversidad | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Burnt vegetation, impact on species, risk of fire in close populations, impact on housing, agricultural land and infrastructure | |
| 816 | Cities 2020 | 42178 | Distrito Metropolitano de Quito | Ecuador | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Mass movement > Landslide | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | None | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Si se comparan los distintos escenarios y horizontes temporales, se observa una ligera variabilidad entre ellos, de forma que se puede concluir que las proyecciones climáticas apuntan a un incremento de la peligrosidad respecto a lo ya registrado durante el periodo histórico. Este hecho se debe a que las lluvias intensas (desencadenante climático del fenómeno de movimientos en masa) incrementan progresivamente a medida que aumenta el horizonte temporal y el escenario climático. Dentro de cada escenario y horizonte temporal, los niveles de riesgo más altos se encuentran asociados a las diferentes quebradas, laderas del Pichincha y elevaciones volcánicas puesto que presentan una mayor susceptibilidad a los movimientos en masa, en comparación con la zona urbanizada de Quito, cuyas zonas periféricas son las que registran el mayor riesgo al ser las más susceptibles.Así, en los receptores de hábitat urbano y población los niveles de riesgo más altos se concentran en las zonas periféricas de las parroquias urbanas. Estas zonas no solo son las áreas más susceptibles a movimientos en masa, sino que son las más vulnerables; esto es, son las zonas que poseen un nivel socio-económico más bajo, viviendas de calidad constructiva más baja y una mayor densidad de población. | |
| 817 | Cities 2020 | 42178 | Distrito Metropolitano de Quito | Ecuador | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium | Medium | Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential; Transport | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | En el DMQ, las anegaciones de las avenidas y calles se producen de manera rápida, asociadas con lluvias intensas y repentinas en las partes altas de las cuencas de fuertes pendientes. Por otra parte, los ríos que discurren en valles inundables de bajas pendientes pueden fluir por ellas dejando cauces abandonados e inundando nuevos terrenos.Las inundaciones, además, son provocadas por causas antrópicas, como taponamiento y rotura de sistemas de recolección de aguas lluvias y alcantarillado o colectores, relleno de los drenajes naturales (quebradas), impermeabilización de suelos que aumenta la cantidad y la velocidad del agua a evacuarse, tala de bosques, inadecuado uso de suelo, construcciones y asentamientos humanos cerca de las vertientes de agua y en las franjas de protección de cuencas hidrográficas, entre otras.Los niveles de riesgo más altos tienen lugar fundamentalmente en las parroquias urbanas del DMQ, donde los eventos de precipitaciones intensas presentan mayor problemática debido a las bajas pendientes y a la falta de capacidad hidráulica del sistema de alcantarillado en algunos puntos. Así, en el caso del receptor hábitat urbano, los niveles de riesgo relativamente más elevados se registran en general en la zona urbana del DMQ, resultado en su mayoría del cruce de las edificaciones con vulnerabilidad a inundaciones moderada y un nivel de peligrosidad alto o muy alto. La vulnerabilidad está asociada a la calidad constructiva de las edificaciones en combinación con el nivel socioeconómico de cada manzana.Respecto al receptor población, la situación de la población en zonas de riesgo alto y muy alto representa un 9% y un 22%, para los escenarios RCP 4.5 (2016-2040) y RCP 8.5 (2041-2070), respectivamente. | |
| 818 | Cities 2020 | 42178 | Distrito Metropolitano de Quito | Ecuador | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | Medium Low | Medium Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Land use planning; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | En general, el nivel de riesgo por olas de calor es “Muy alto” en todos los receptores del DMQ. Es debido a que el nivel de amenaza es asimismo muy alto en todo el territorio y, por consiguiente, su exposición. Las variaciones que existen en el nivel de riesgo se deben a la componente de vulnerabilidad. Considerando el receptor “hábitat urbano”, por ejemplo, predomina un nivel de riesgo “Alto” y “Muy alto” con un total del 97% de la superficie del DMQ. Este nivel se debe no solo a la alta peligrosidad, sino también a la alta y/o moderada vulnerabilidad, que viene caracterizada por el bajo nivel socioeconómico de la población y la baja accesibilidad de las zonas verdes.A destacar la espacialización del riesgo en relación a los espacios naturales, vinculado a la sensibilidad frente a incendios forestales. Como es de esperar, el mayor riesgo se concentra en las laderas con altas pendientes y orientación sur y sureste.Las consecuencias de la isla de calor urbana son muy variadas, desde la reducción del gasto energético por uso de calefacción en invierno hasta el aumento de la demanda por refrigeración en verano, con especial agravio en eventos de calor extremo como las olas de calor y sus consiguientes riesgos para la salud, así como la propia alteración de la flora y fauna urbanas. | |
| 819 | Cities 2020 | 42384 | Göteborgs Stad | Sweden | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | No | Medium Low | Medium Low | Increased resource demand | Commercial; Industrial; Land use planning; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Until today the risk has been medium low and we have only expierenced smaller floods from rivers in the closest area to the water. We are planning to develop the area closest to the rivers in many areas and we have to take into consideration the flood risk. We believe that the risk and the consequences will increase in the future and we need to plan for that.We have simulated the flood risk with different climate scenarios and different recurrence of river flood to map the consequences of different scenarios. We have a stretegic document that says how we shall plan the city to minimize the risk of flooding for new developments. | ||
| 820 | Cities 2020 | 42384 | Göteborgs Stad | Sweden | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | No | Medium Low | Medium Low | Increased resource demand | Commercial; Industrial; Land use planning; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Until now we have had smaller events of coastal flooding in smaller areas of the city. We have simulated the flood risk with different climate scenarios and different levels of sea level rise to map the consequences of different sea level rise. We have a stretegic document that says how we shall plan the city to minimize the risk of flooding for new developments. | ||
| 821 | Cities 2020 | 42384 | Göteborgs Stad | Sweden | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | No | Medium Low | Medium Low | Increased resource demand | Commercial; Industrial; Land use planning; Residential; Society / community & culture | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | We have until now not experienced very severe heavy rain in larger areas but we see a risk in the future for more common and more severe heavy rain fall. | ||
| 822 | Cities 2020 | 42388 | Intendencia de Montevideo | Uruguay | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium High | Medium Low | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Energy | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | It has been observed in floods in urban areas which make the mobility hard. The city is working hard to minimize the occurrence of urban floods by implementing solutions in the areas where they were observed in the past, for this reason it is expected that the future impact will diminish | |
| 823 | Cities 2020 | 42388 | Intendencia de Montevideo | Uruguay | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Food & agriculture; Society / community & culture | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Do not know | Low | Short-term (by 2025) | The hail have done damage in precarious homes and losses of urban woodland.The city is continuously taking care of the health of the woodland to prevent accidents, but the strong winds cause detachment of branches and occasionally fall of the whole tree | |
| 824 | Cities 2020 | 42388 | Intendencia de Montevideo | Uruguay | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Public health | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Do not know | Short-term (by 2025) | Se han detectado enfermedades asociadas a deshidratación, en particular en ancianos de población de bajos recurso. Pero esto no está cuantificado y se trata dentro de los protocolos normales de salud pública a nivel nacional. | |
| 825 | Cities 2020 | 42388 | Intendencia de Montevideo | Uruguay | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture | Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Montevideo is surrounded by a belt of orchards that provide most of the vegetables and fruits consumed in the city. To this we must add the subsistence agriculture that is fundamental in the families of the rural area of the Department of Montevideo | |
| 826 | Cities 2020 | 42388 | Intendencia de Montevideo | Uruguay | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Biological hazards > Vector-borne disease | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services | Other, please specify: All the citizens of Montevideo | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Montevideo was for near 100 years a Dengue free zone. Since 2010 the City is being developed a very strong campaign to avoid the epidemic, because Uruguay was the only country in South America without the disese. In 2017 the first local case of dengue was found in Montevideo. | ||
| 827 | Cities 2020 | 43905 | City of San Antonio | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Energy; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Do not know | Each of these areas are impacted based on the vulnerability and hazard mitigation plan and the outline and extensive research provided by the plan. Each component listed here is impacted by the above mentioned areas of concern. | ||
| 828 | Cities 2020 | 43905 | City of San Antonio | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | High | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Residential; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Moderate to major impact to health and safetyModerate to major impact to propertyImpacting properties that where once not considered in the floodplain and highway systems | |||
| 829 | Cities 2020 | 43905 | City of San Antonio | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Storm and wind > Tropical storm | Medium | Medium High | Emergency services; Energy; Transport | Increasing | Increasing | Moderate impact to health and safetyModerate impact to property | ||||||
| 830 | Cities 2020 | 43905 | City of San Antonio | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Biological hazards > Vector-borne disease | High | High | Other, please specify; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Increasingly becoming a problem with insect migration | |||||
| 831 | Cities 2020 | 43905 | City of San Antonio | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Energy; Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Studies show that San Antonio could see 97 days a year with a heat index over 100 degrees and 59 days above 105 degrees by mid-century if no global action is taken to combat climate change. Historically, San Antonio averages 29 days a year with a heat index above 100 degrees and five days above 105 degrees, based on 1971-2000 records.https://www.expressnews.com/news/environment/article/Climate-change-study-San-Antonio-could-see-more-14097926.php | |
| 832 | Cities 2020 | 43907 | City of Indianapolis | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | Medium | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Do not know | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Flooding is one of the biggest hazards and is expected to see an increase in severity over the coming decades. The city’s infrastructure is aging, and in the event of a 100 year flood event as much as $3.6 Billion in damage is estimated. The ongoing Deep Rock Tunnel project is aimed to mitigate the potential impact of such events but is unlikely to eliminate it altogether. City is also implementing a 20-year, $320 million storm water capital improvement program to eliminate identified neighborhood flooding and drainage issues. In 2016, severe flooding occurred causing 15,000 residents to lose power. Between 2013 and 2018, there were 15 floods and 22 flash floods causing a total of $377.8 thousand dollars in damages. Spring and Summer of 2019 have been some of the wetter months on record according to Weather.gov. Average rainfalls from February through April were well above the 2.3 to 3.8 inch averages. May’s precipitation was below the 5.05 inch record at just 4.16 inches, but June’s precipitation was close to double the average at 7.51 inches. July and August both hovered near the average. Source: https://www.weather.gov/ind/Precip_scorecard_IND | |
| 833 | Cities 2020 | 43907 | City of Indianapolis | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | Medium | Medium | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Hotter summers will make it increasingly difficult for the community to meet ozone standards, requiring stricter environmental controls and discouraging business expansion. Hotter summers will also result in increased education costs. Currently, Indianapolis Public Schools sends children with asthma to air conditioned schools. Schools without air conditioning will need to find ways to provide a comfortable learning environment. Increased heat waves in intensity and duration typically produce air quality stagnation which increases PM2.5 and ozone levels. Public health faces greater jeopardy not only from the heat but also the deterioration of air quality associated with it. Children, older adults, those with underlying health issues, and anyone working outdoors are at a greater risk. In addition, increases in pollution levels reduce crop yields and also decrease the visibility, both of which have economic and quality of life impacts. The last heat wave recorded by NOAA was in 2000, which resulted in one death. In 2017, there was a heat wave in Marion County that included multiple days with heat indices of approximately 100 degrees. | |
| 834 | Cities 2020 | 43907 | City of Indianapolis | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | High | Medium Low | Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Extreme heat is one of the biggest hazards and is expected to see an increase in severity over the coming decades. The city has vulnerable populations that will experience an increased risk of hospitalization or death with more intense heat. Increased heat waves in intensity and duration typically produce air quality stagnation which increases PM2.5 and ozone levels. Public health faces greater jeopardy not only from the heat but also the deterioration of air quality associated with it. Children, older adults and anyone working outdoors are at greater risk. In addition, increases in pollution levels reduce crop yields and also decrease the visibility, both of which have economic and quality of life impacts, especially in a farming region like Indianapolis. | |
| 835 | Cities 2020 | 43907 | City of Indianapolis | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | Medium High | Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities | Food & agriculture; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Other, please specify; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Do not know | Medium-term (2026-2050) | The city’s infrastructure is aging, and a severe rain storm could lead to as much as $3.6 billion in estimated damage through flooding. The ongoing Deep Rock Tunnel project is aimed to mitigate the potential impact of such events but is unlikely to eliminate it altogether. City is also implementing a 20-year, $320 million storm water capital improvement program to eliminate identified neighborhood flooding and drainage issues. In May 2017, a heavy storm brought 8.5 inches of rain in less than 24 hours. Many roads were closed as a result and farm fields and homes were affected.Spring and Summer 2019 were some of the wetter months on record according to Weather.gov. Average rainfalls from February through April were well above the 2.3 to 3.8 inch averages. May’s precipitation was below the 5.05 inch record at just 4.16 inches, but June’s precipitation was well above the month’s average of 4.25 inches at 7.51 inches. July and August hovered near average.Source: https://www.weather.gov/ind/Precip_scorecard_IND | |
| 836 | Cities 2020 | 43907 | City of Indianapolis | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Storm and wind > Tornado | No | Low | Do not know | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Information & communications technology; Public health; Residential | Other, please specify; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Do not know | Do not know | Do not know | Long-term (after 2050) | Tornadoes are one of the most damaging events that can occur in the Midwest, but there is no clear evidence as to how or if climate change will impact their frequency or intensity. A study from 2018 found that though the number of tornadoes in the United States hasn't increased significantly, but the locations of the tornados are shifting more from the Great Plains area to the Midwest, including Indiana. Tornadoes in 2016 and 2014 damaged 100 homes and over 200 vehicles. In 2019, Marion County saw an EF0 and an EF1 tornado, which were the first confirmed touchdowns since 2016. Minor damage resulted. https://www.weather.gov/ind/marion_torn | |
| 837 | Cities 2020 | 43907 | City of Indianapolis | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium Low | Medium Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities | Commercial; Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Other, please specify; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Do not know | Long-term (after 2050) | Though Central Indiana has reliable sources of water, current water use patterns paired with increasing temperatures and reduced precipitation could lead to severe drought conditions within the next 5 to 10 years. In 2012, Indianapolis had a drought that lasted 45 days which caused significant losses to agricultural producers. | |
| 838 | Cities 2020 | 43908 | City of Milwaukee | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for public services | Land use planning; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Immediately | In the past decade, the City has experienced extreme storms that have caused widespread flooding | ||
| 839 | Cities 2020 | 43908 | City of Milwaukee | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditions | Yes | Medium High | Medium | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Public health; Transport | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Do not know | Medium | Immediately | Extreme winter events such as the polar vortex have resulted in extreme low temperatures which put a strain on public services and pose a hazard to at risk populations such as the homeless or those who are already experiencing energy poverty. | |
| 840 | Cities 2020 | 43909 | City of Orlando | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | With the already-dangerous heat conditions in Florida, these significant increases in temperatures, in terms of individual days, averages, and seasonal changes, present serious implications for the health of local residents. The risk for heat-related health impacts is highest amongst infants, young children, the elderly over 65, those already ill, athletes, those spending time outside, including outdoor workers, those engaging in physical activity, and those who don’t have access to air conditioning (Climate Central, “U.S. faces dramatic rise in extreme heat, humidity”, 2016), as well as those in more urban areas within the city, due an increase in the Urban Heat Island effect (Environmental Protection Agency & Center for Disease Control, 2016). Since 9.4% of Orlando’s residents are over the age of 65, 7.1% are under five years old, and one-in-five of all residents (20.2%) live at or below the poverty line, which is above average among the lower 48 states (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017), we have a large representation of groups are considered to be especially vulnerable to extreme heat. Furthermore, during dangerously hot days, the risk for these heat-related effects sharply increases and can reach even healthy young adults to middle-aged individuals. According to current predictions, annual heat-related deaths will increase to tens-of-thousands by the end of the century (Climate Central, “U.S. faces dramatic rise in extreme heat, humidity”, 2016), and, with the projections for our region, many of these deaths will occur in Central Florida. For individuals and families with pets that spend some or all of their time outside or do not have air conditioning, this also presents a serious risk (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013). These heat impacts may also provide a strain on the healthcare system when faced with increased hospitalizations and doctors’ visits, need for home care, and insurance claims. (Climate Central, “U.S. faces dramatic rise in extreme heat, humidity”, 2016).The impacts from high heat also interact with other climate hazards that can result in amplified risks. This elevated heat can contribute to stagnant air, which has been increasing in Central Florida, and allows dangerous levels of both air pollutants and ground-level ozone to build up in the local area (Climate Central, “Stagnant air on the rise, upping ozone risk”, 2016). | |
| 841 | Cities 2020 | 43909 | City of Orlando | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Storm and wind > Lightning / thunderstorm | Yes | High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services | Emergency services; Energy; Other, please specify; Public health; Society / community & culture; Tourism | Low-income households; Other, please specify: Those who work outdoors.; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Increased cloud-to-ground lightning strikes can result in more deaths and injuries, putting at risk local residents spending time outside, whether in careers that require outdoor workon-the-job, for leisure, or simply engaging in day-to-day activities, such as mowing the lawn (Jensenius, 2017). Additionally, this risk may be even higher for the large number of visitors to Orlando who may be less familiar with the frequency and danger of lightning and the need to take shelter, even when storms are not directly overhead.These strikes can also result in damages to the local electric infrastructure, which may already be strained due to other storm elements, such as heavy winds, as well as commercial and residential property damage, and add to the risk of wildfires (as discussed in the corresponding section of this document). | |
| 842 | Cities 2020 | 43909 | City of Orlando | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Storm and wind > Tornado | Yes | Medium High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Loss of tax base to support public services; Other, please specify: Housing concerns for damaged properties.; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Information & communications technology; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Immediately | An increase in tornadoes could lead to loss of human and animal life and significant injuries, stemming from both direct impact from a tornado combined with minimal shelter or protection that can withstand the intense winds present and projectile debris (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013).Additionally, there is a high potential for structural damage ranging from minor roof damage to the complete demolition of the structure, depending on the location of the tornado, building type, year built, etc. Orange County has $104,657,193,000,000 in structures and $4,470,000 and $564,300,000 in annualized structural losses and County facilities that are considered at risk from tornadoes, with $240,000 in annualized facilities losses from damage (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013). While there are likely to be economic losses due to tornado damage, there is often increased economic activity in the wake of homes and businesses being rebuilt and repaired. | |
| 843 | Cities 2020 | 43909 | City of Orlando | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Storm and wind > Cyclone (Hurricane / Typhoon) | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities; Other, please specify: Short- and long-term climate migration from Caribbean region and coastal Florida areas.; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | An increase in severe hurricane activity will result in increased injuries and fatalities caused by flooding and storm debris and power outages, during, before and after the storm. Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur during or after the storm has passed if gas-powered generators are placed in an area without proper ventilation, as occurred during the series of Florida hurricanes in 2005. Additionally, populations sensitive to heat, such as the elderly, may be left without power for air conditioning for extended periods of time resulting in injury and fatalities, as tragically occurred in South Florida after Hurricane Irma (Fritz, 2017; Ochoa, 2017). Finally, foodborne illness can result due to lack of power for refrigeration, and water-borne illness from drinking or preparing food with water that has been contaminated from the strains on water reclamation facilities and other sources of water pollution (Florida Department of Health, 2015). | |
| 844 | Cities 2020 | 43909 | City of Orlando | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Land use planning; Public health; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Immediately | Some of the highest risk areas for increased flooding include the outer edges of the Orlando with poorer draining soil, those in the neighborhoods to the south of downtown Orlando, and those near the Econlockhatchee River and Lake Hart, which present riverine and flash flooding threats, respectively, as well as potential dam failure at both locations.Based on past events in Florida, injuries and death could result from these flooding events, particularly involving automobile accidents during dangerous conditions. Illness may also result due to water contamination. Responders would also be at risk when responding to calls for assistance or rescue. | |
| 845 | Cities 2020 | 43909 | City of Orlando | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium Low | Medium Low | Increased resource demand; Loss of tax base to support public services; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacement | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health | Other, please specify: Those reliant upon urban agriculture in the City and, most likely, those in the agricultural industry beyond the City limits. | Increasing | Increasing | Medium Low | Immediately | Often drought conditions in Florida first impact the agricultural sector. However, since this industry is very limited in Orlando, the impacts are more likely to be first seen across surface water in the City’s lakes and streams, as well as subsurface ground water upon which we depend for our potable water for drinking, plumbing, and irrigation. Impacts on local flora and smaller community gardens and urban agriculture may also be experienced.The effect of droughts in the region would also be dangerous for its impacts on other hazards. By lowering water tables and compromising the integrity of soil for holding large amounts of water, droughts present an elevated risk for sinkholes. The dry conditions also raise the risk for wildfires.The local impacts of water regulations could impact the hospitality and tourism sectors, including the water-based attractions at local theme parks, attractions, and hotels, as well as local ecotourism, such as tubing, paddleboarding, and kayaking in local lakes, streams, and springs. Since these industries represent a large portion of the local economy, these impacts could have a significant negatively influence. Additionally, with damages to the statewide agricultural industry, prices on a number of crops, including oranges, grapefruit, sweet corn, watermelons, cucumbers, squash, snap peas and sugar cane, as well as beef, could rise due to reduced supply. | |
| 846 | Cities 2020 | 43909 | City of Orlando | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Wild fire > Forest fire | Yes | High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Migration from rural areas to cities | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism | Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Immediately | A higher risk for wildfires puts our vulnerable county in danger of extensive property damage. The total value of structures at risk for wildfire damage (broken down by occupancy type in the table above) in Orange County is $17,197,000,000, with an estimated annualized loss of $1,405,000 and the total value of County facilities (shown with values in table below) is $1,454,500,000 with an estimated annualized loss of $32,610 (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013). The greatest loss potential lies in the single-family residential homes, many of which lie within the WUI in Orlando.Any wildfire activity will result in damage to forested lands and protected natural lands that provide habitats and nesting areas for local wildlife and valuable biodiversity within the region (Florida Division of Emergency Management, 2013), which could negative economic impacts not only for the previously occupied structures, but also future development potential in the area.There is also a possibility for death and injuries, although less common, during the early stages of wildfires and throughout the process of evacuation. A higher risk of harm exists for responders involved in the fire suppression, particularly if the fire grows or suddenly changes directions.Other dangers include possible transportation disruption across the interstate system, as was the case during Florida wildfires in 2012, which can affect local residents as well as the many visitors to the region. | |
| 847 | Cities 2020 | 43910 | City of Columbus | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Energy; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Ohio has seen large increases in heavy storms that can lead to flooding. In 2018, the city set a new annual precipitation record of 55.18 inches and 2019 the city's annual precipitation was 43.94 inches, when the average annual value is 39.31 inches. Heavy rain has led to flooding of basements and road closures. Models project those trends will continue, creating major vulnerabilities to energy and water infrastructure, health, and transportation. https://byrd.osu.edu/sites/byrd.osu.edu/files/CCAP%20-%20Flooding.pdf | |
| 848 | Cities 2020 | 43910 | City of Columbus | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Energy; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Ohio has seen large increases in heavy storms that can lead to flooding of major rivers. From the 1951-1980 period to the 1981-2010 period, the amount of precipitation falling during the heaviest 1% of precipitation events increased by 36.2%. Models project those trends will continue, increasing flood damage risks to infrastructure. The Department of Public Utilities is creating a tool that involves collaboration between DPU, the Department of Public Safety, Columbus Police, and Columbus Fire on the creation of roadway routing for emergency and residential vehicles. While this tool would only be used during major river flooding, it would be a first step to identifying and communicating transportation routes. anhttps://byrd.osu.edu/sites/byrd.osu.edu/files/CCAP%20-%20Flooding.pdfd public health. | |
| 849 | Cities 2020 | 43910 | City of Columbus | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services | Energy; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Other, please specify: Those employed by the agricultural sector; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Total precipitation in Columbus has increased 19.8%, from 1951 through 2012. Fall precipitation increased dramatically, by 43.5% (3.2 inches). As temperatures warm and precipitation increases, the form and timing of precipitation will likely change. The number of days dry enough to plant crops in the spring may be reduced and the potential for rain on semi-frozen ground may increase. The agricultural sector will likely see an increased need for irrigation and controlled drainage and may need to treat livestock for infection and disease. The city will likely see increased infrastructure and property damage due to extreme weather and flooding. | |
| 850 | Cities 2020 | 43910 | City of Columbus | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | No | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | In Columbus, Ohio the annual average temperatures warmed by 2.3°F from 1951-2012, faster than national and global rates. Rising temperatures increase the potential for extremely hot days. By mid-century, Columbus could see an additional 3 to 7 weeks per year of high temperatures exceeding 90°F, and an additional 1 to 2 weeks exceeding 95°F. |
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This dataset contains public responses to the CDP-ICLEI Cities 2020 questionnaire on climate hazards. View cities questionnaire guidance at https://www.cdp.net/en/guidance.
This data is collected through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System. When using this data, please cite both organisations using the following wording: ‘This data was collected in partnership by CDP and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability’.
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