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2020 Cities Climate Hazards

Row numberQuestionnaire NameAccount NumberAccount NameCountryCDP RegionParent SectionSectionRow NumberRow NameClimate HazardsDid this hazard significantly impact your city before 2020?Current probability of hazardCurrent magnitude of hazardSocial impact of hazard overallMost relevant assets / services affected overallPlease identify which vulnerable populations are affectedFuture change in frequencyFuture change in intensityFuture expected magnitude of hazardWhen do you first expect to experience those changes in frequency and intensity?Please describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future
851Cities 202043910City of ColumbusUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveNoMediumHighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsFood & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housingIncreasingIncreasingHighMedium-term (2026-2050)In early July, 2018, temperatures reached 94 degrees F and stayed over 90 degrees for four days. To reduce residents' vulnerability to sun exposure and intense heat, some city recreation centers extended their hours . Mayor Ginther released the following statement: “I encourage residents to take care during extreme heat,” said Mayor Ginther. “Our community centers are a safe place to cool off.” Temperatures are expected to continue rising and the frequency of extreme heat days are predicted to increase. In the future, Columbus may need to keep recreation centers open more often to ensure resident safety and will need to create a more robust public-private network of resilience hubs for residents to use during extreme weather events. This pace of extremely hot days continued into 2019 with a similar extended extreme heat event occurring in late July 2019. https://www.10tv.com/article/news/local/5-columbus-rec-centers-remain-open-weekend-help-people-beat-heat-2019-jul/530-dbce69d9-0f17-450d-bc6e-ce0c2030e861. Even more troubling, extreme heat events extended into October causing the Mayor to open cooling centers in October 2019. https://www.columbus.gov/recreationandparks/news/Columbus-Recreation-and-Parks-To-Open-Certain-Centers-Early-Wednesday-to-Continue-To-Help-Neighborhoods-Beat-the-Heat/. This trend is widely expected to continue on into the future. https://www.dispatch.com/news/20190924/2019-will-go-down-as-one-of-hottest-years-on-record-scientists-say.
852Cities 202043910City of ColumbusUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Biological hazards > Water-borne diseaseNoMediumHighIncreased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illnessPublic health; Residential; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseasesIncreasingIncreasingHighMedium-term (2026-2050)With stronger storms comes flashier flows, more runoff and greater chances of sewer overflows that can contaminate water supplies. During heavy rain events water flows through storm sewers under the force of gravity to lower elevations including the city’s major rivers. During elevated river levels, flow in storm sewers may reverse direction and flow from the river into protected areas. Floodgates and backflow preventers are designed to restrict water flow from inundating these protected areas, but this could be an area of impact in the future. There could be an increased need for water treatment due to deteriorated water quality.
853Cities 202043911City of OttawaCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditionsHighHighIncreasingIncreasing
854Cities 202043911City of OttawaCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormHighHighIncreasingIncreasing
855Cities 202043911City of OttawaCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Storm and wind > Severe windHighMedium HighIncreasingIncreasing
856Cities 202043911City of OttawaCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveHighMedium HighIncreasingIncreasing
857Cities 202043912City of EdmontonCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme Precipitation > Heavy snowYesMedium HighMedium HighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEmergency services; Energy; TransportElderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilitiesDo not knowIncreasingMediumShort-term (by 2025)A snowfall which is heavy enough to cause significant inconvenience and hazardous conditions, including impacts to trees, overhead electrical or communications systems, and overloading of building roofs. For the purposes of Edmonton VRA, this was defined as an event with accumulated snowfall of at least 50 cm. A heavy snowfall causes transportation disruptions and can also increase the likelihood of car accidents with associated injuries and fatalities. It can also increase the incidence of heart attacks from snow shoveling. Both these impacts put additional stress on emergency management services and personnel. Newer homes and buildings in the city are designed to withstand a larger snowfalls; however, some older structures may be challenged by new snow loads. The consequences for Edmonton's electricity grid could be widespread, but impacts would be short-lived and less serious. The extent of the impacts depends on the duration and timing of the event. A heavy snow event in May or September, when there are leaves on the trees, could cause significant tree damage and increase the likelihood of power outages. Vulnerable populations include low income individuals living in older, less structurally sound homes that are less able to withstand heavy snow loads. A power outage in the middle of winter can have a significant impact on the homeless and low income individuals and families. Individuals predisposed to heart failure and disease are also particularly vulnerable.
858Cities 202043912City of EdmontonCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Storm and wind > Severe windYesHighMedium HighIncreased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEmergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; ResidentialLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housingIncreasingDo not knowHighShort-term (by 2025)Severe winds are any straight-line winds of sufficient strength to cause damage to exposed vegetation, buildings and infrastructure. For the purposes of Edmonton VRA, these are defined as wind gusts reaching or exceeding a speed of 90 km per hour.Regarding the built environment, severe winds can affect buildings and construction sites, potentially blowing siding, shingles, and solar panels off houses, blowing over cranes, or blowing debris off construction sites. Damage to buildings and property is exacerbated when winds are widespread and longer lasting. If widespread, a severe wind event impacting a major construction site could result in injuries and fatalities, with major implications for emergency management services. Severe wind can impact the environment, notably the urban canopy, damaging trees, which will increase maintenance costs and disrupt access to parks. Depending on the number of downed trees, this could have a major impact on waste management services, which is not equipped to collect tree debris. Other environmental impacts from severe wind could include soil erosion with potential consequences for vegetation germination, and mixing layers in the water column, which could lead to the development of cyanobacteria. Telecommunications and electricity transmissions infrastructure is built to withstand this level of wind event. However, electricity distribution lines could be impacted, with some isolated power outages. Vulnerable populations include the homeless and low income individuals and families. These populations have limited ability to take shelter during a severe wind event, and tend to live in older, lower quality homes that are less able to withstand winds without experiencing damage. These vulnerable populations also have difficulty evacuating and often don't have access to private automobiles.
859Cities 202043912City of EdmontonCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditionsYesHighMediumIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEnergy; Information & communications technology; TransportLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housingIncreasingDo not knowHighShort-term (by 2025)This hazard information is specific to Freezing Rain, a specific condition that arises during extreme winter conditions. This hazard was specifically identified as an important hazard for consideration and prioritization for Edmonton's adaptation strategy. This impact is defined as rain that freezes on impact to form a coating of clear ice on the ground and on exposed objects. For Edmonton's VRA, this hazards was defined as years with one or more freezing rain events meeting the minimum Environment and Climate Change Canada's warning criteria.Freezing rain is rain that freezes on impact to form a coating of clear ice on the ground and on exposed objects. Freezing rain has the most severe impacts on the following asset and service areas: road transportation, electricity system, and information and communications infrastructure.Regarding the road network, freezing rain causes increased maintenance costs and can also lead to vehicle accidents with associated injuries and fatalities. Freezing rain on surfaces also increases the risk of slips and falls, leading to injuries.Freezing rain will affect electricity distribution infrastructure, leading to increased incidence of power outages, as well as delays in restoring power following an outage (due to concurrent disruption to the road network). High voltage lines will experience some sagging, but if they failed the impacts could be more widespread and significant. A major power outage affecting the downtown core would have major impacts.Information and communications infrastructure, primarily microwave towers, could also be impacted by freezing rain causing service losses. Indirect impacts associated with power outages and telecommunication disruption could be widespread, and affecting multiple service areas: water supply, buildings, rail transport, public health and safety and the economy. No specific vulnerable populations were identified.
860Cities 202043912City of EdmontonCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveNoHighMedium HighIncreased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEmergency services; Public health; TransportChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseasesIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)Heat waves are defined as a period of extreme hot weather creating hazardous thermal conditions. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, heat wave conditions are defined as five consecutive days with maximum temperature greater or equal to 29 degrees Celsius.Regarding the rail network, heat waves can lead to "sun kinks" on the rail line, damaging rail infrastructure and causing transport disruption, with indirect economic impacts due to supply/customer chain disruption. Heat waves can also impact road transportation, including bus transit services, causing overheating. Vulnerable populations, such as the homeless who have limited ability to take shelter during a heat wave, and low income individuals and families who have limited ability to pay space cooling costs (or have access to air conditioning), are particularly at risk to adverse health outcomes. Another vulnerable group are people who work outdoors. Individuals among these groups with existing pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions are most at risk. There are proven associations between heat stress and a range of adverse health effects. Health risks are compounded if extreme heat is accompanied by weather conditions conducive to the formation of smog or a general deterioration in air quality. An intense, long duration heat wave has potential to cause power outages associated with high air conditioning use and reduced efficiency on lines; accompanied by adverse health impacts associated with heat stress, this could lead to an emergency situation. Historically heat waves in Edmonton have not been as common as cold spells, and the city is not as prepared to deal with severe heat waves.
861Cities 202043912City of EdmontonCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysNoMedium HighMedium HighIncreased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsCommercial; Public health; ResidentialChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseasesIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)Heat waves are defined as a period of extreme hot weather creating hazardous thermal conditions. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, extreme hot days are defined as a day with maximum temperature greater or equal to 29 degrees Celsius.A single hot day could give rise to adverse health outcomes among particularly vulnerable groups; individuals with existing pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions, living along, and unable to mitigate exposure or sensitivity to the heat due to socio-economic circumstances. There is a small risk of rail snaking. Users of public transport may also experience some discomfort due to overheating on buses.
862Cities 202043912City of EdmontonCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Water Scarcity > DroughtYesMedium HighHighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to citiesEnvironment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Water supply & sanitationLow-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housingIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)Drought is defined as one year of anomalously low moisture during the frost-free season, expressed by a drought severity index. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, drought was specifically defined by a Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) value of -2 or below.Droughts can have consequences on the urban forest, parks, and aquatic environment in Edmonton. Birch trees can be particularly impacted due to their shallow root systems which cannot tolerate drought. Drought can impact aquatic life, via reduced water levels and increased water temperature, which can lead to a deterioration in water quality. Compared to other parts of the province, Edmonton's food system is not very well equipped to deal with drought. Drought will affect commercial crops and home and community gardens, causing reduced productivity and in extreme cases crop failure. Most crops in the Edmonton area are not drought resistant. Reduced agricultural output will have indirect economic impacts on supply/customer chains, though commercial losses will likely be insured. For the water supply system, drought can reduce available water supply and could lead to water use restrictions.
863Cities 202043912City of EdmontonCanadaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards7Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacementResidential; Transport; Water supply & sanitationLow-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilitiesIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)This impact is specific to urban flooding due to inadequate drainage capacity - and is defined as precipitation that creates a hazardous and intense short-duration rainfall in the urban environment, resulting in overland or more localized flash flooding conditions. For Edmonton's VRA, this was specifically defined as 80 mm of rainfall during an event, with the majority (>40 mm) occurring in a short period (<2 hrs).High intensity rainfalls can overwhelm stormwater management infrastructure and cause flooding of streets, homes, and commercial property. The consequences for the built environment can be significant; and include damage to buildings and contents, with potential economic impacts to affected businesses. If drainage infrastructure is damaged, or malfunctions, consequences for low-lying roads and underpasses can be severe, causing major transport disruptions. Injuries and even fatalities on affected routes are possible. Clean-up costs can be significant. In areas of the city with combined water and sewer and systems, intense rainfall can overwhelm the sewage treatment system and cause sewage backup into homes, as well as the release of untreated sewage into the North Saskatchewan River. No specific vulnerable populations were identified.
864Cities 202043914City of CharlotteUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysYesMedium HighHighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsCommercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed personsIncreasingIncreasingHighMedium-term (2026-2050)With rising global temperatures the city expects to see a continuing increase in extreme heat days. This will continue from the present day through to the long-term. This is expected to cause water stress, impact emergency services and disproportionately affect lower-income groups.
865Cities 202043914City of CharlotteUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesMediumMedium HighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacementCommercial; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed personsIncreasingIncreasingMedium HighMedium-term (2026-2050)As global warming continues the city anticipates increased incidences of high-impact events. This will include intense rainfall events that are likely to lead to localised flooding. This combined with Charlotte’s rapid development has the potential to impact energy systems with cascading effects impacting emergency services and transportation. There is clear additional impacts on the storm-water and wastewater infrastructures. Charlotte Mecklenburg Stormwater is developing a master plan to mitigate these hazards.
866Cities 202043914City of CharlotteUnited States of AmericaNorth AmericaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Chemical change > Atmospheric CO2 concentrationsYesMedium HighHighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacementCommercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed personsIncreasingIncreasingMedium HighMedium-term (2026-2050)An increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions are the basis of the aforementioned impacts directly on Charlotte. There is, however, the potential for significant additional impacts that will affect our supply chains notably regard to food. In the medium to long-term we also expect to see displacement of individuals with Charlotte being a natural destination where people would want to live. This additional warming is likely to lead to increased incidences of certain diseases becoming more prevalent in Charlotte. With this increased warming and its associated climatic impacts there is a real potential for energy supplies to be negatively impacted – as these, similar to food, will extend long way beyond Charlotte’s borders. Each of these impacts can be interlinked and show how Charlotte will be impacted in a systems context.
867Cities 202043917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveYesMediumMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEducation; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Women & girlsIncreasingIncreasingMediumMedium-term (2026-2050)Sofia is experiencing different climate change impacts. They are mainly connected with higher temperatures and changes in the precipitations, In regard to the temperatures, the statistical significance and the sustainability of the results for all periods and scenarios provide a strong basis for the following conclusions: - A significant rise in average temperatures is expected by mid-century in both climate scenarios, with RCP4 .5, are achieved by the middle of the century at RCP8.5. As a consequence, an equivalent change follows for the vegetation period.- Expectations of a significant rise in extremely high temperatures are still in the middle of the century and in both scenarios, with the conclusion being true both for the day and for the night. Also, an equivalent increase is expected for the duration of the hot periods. RCP4.5 results for the end of the century are achieved in RCP8.5 by the middle of the century. - Considerable warming is expected during the cold periods in both scenarios by the middle of the century, with RCP4.5's end-of-century results attained by mid-century at RCP8.5. The number of days of freezing as well as frosting falls significantly. A significant decrease in the length of the cold waves, as for RCP8.5 long periods of cold weather practically do not expect until the end of the century.Rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century.
868Cities 202043917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodDo not knowMediumMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsCommercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons with disabilities; Women & girlsIncreasingIncreasingMediumLong-term (after 2050)This impact assessment is under development as part of the SECAP. Currently, the rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century.
869Cities 202043917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Flood and sea level rise > River floodDo not knowMediumMediumIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEducation; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; TransportChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Women & girlsDecreasingDecreasingMediumLong-term (after 2050)This impact assessment is under development as part of the SECAP. Currently, the rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century.
870Cities 202043917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormDo not knowMedium HighMedium LowIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsCommercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Tourism; TransportChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities; Women & girlsDecreasingIncreasingMediumLong-term (after 2050)This impact assessment is under development as part of the SECAP. Currently, the rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century.
871Cities 202043917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Biological hazards > Vector-borne diseaseDo not knowMedium HighMediumIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEmergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestryChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housingDecreasingDecreasingMediumMedium-term (2026-2050)
872Cities 202043917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Extreme cold temperature > Cold waveDo not knowMedium LowMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsCommercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Women & girlsDecreasingDecreasingMediumLong-term (after 2050)
873Cities 202043917Sofia MunicipalityBulgariaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards7Wild fire > Forest fireDo not knowDo not knowMedium LowFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demandEmergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Public healthChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girlsIncreasingIncreasingMediumLong-term (after 2050)
874Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormNoHighLowIncreased demand for public servicesEmergency services; Food & agriculture; Residential; TransportLow-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housingIncreasingIncreasingLowMedium-term (2026-2050)Flash floods and impact on agriculture (food supply).
875Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Extreme Precipitation > HailYesHighMediumIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsFood & agriculture; Residential; TransportOther, please specify: allIncreasingIncreasingMediumImmediatelyDamage to buildings, vehicles and crops.
876Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Storm and wind > Lightning / thunderstormNoMedium HighLowOther, please specify: allEnergy; Food & agriculture; Information & communications technology; TransportOther, please specify: allIncreasingIncreasingMedium HighImmediatelyDamage to buildings and injuries to people.
877Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveYesHighHighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsFood & agriculture; Public health; Residential; TourismChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseasesIncreasingIncreasingHighImmediatelyImpact on agriculture (food supplay) and vulnerable groups of citizens.
878Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Extreme Precipitation > FogYesHighMediumIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsIndustrial; Public health; TransportChildren & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girlsDecreasingDecreasingLowImmediatelyImpact on traffic and air quality.
879Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesMediumHighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demandEmergency services; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; TransportMarginalized groupsNoneIncreasingMediumShort-term (by 2025)Impact on transport and agriculture, damage to buildings, danger to citizens.
880Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards7Mass movement > LandslideYesLowMedium LowFluctuating socio-economic conditionsEmergency services; Land use planning; ResidentialMarginalized groupsIncreasingNoneLowImmediatelyImpact on infrastructure, damage to buildings, danger to citizens.
881Cities 202043920City of LjubljanaSloveniaEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards8Biological hazards > Air-borne diseaseNoMediumHighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsPublic healthChildren & youth; Elderly; Marginalized groupsDecreasingDo not knowMediumImmediatelyOvercrowded hospitals, danger for vulnerable groups of the population.
882Cities 202043926City of MannheimGermanyEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormYesMedium HighMedium HighIncreased demand for public services; Other, please specify: infrastructure, buildungs and property damageEmergency services; Industrial; ResidentialOther, please specify: everyone can be affectedIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)Rain stroms regularly occur in Mannheim, especially in summer but they are possible in winter, too. In August 2019, a 2 hour rain storm has destroyed most of the trees in an alley, damaged cars and inundated numerous basements of residential houses.
883Cities 202043926City of MannheimGermanyEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveYesHighHighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsCommercial; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; TourismChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseasesIncreasingIncreasingHighImmediatelyMannheim has a highly sealed and very dense city structure. The urban heat island effect affects Mannheim extremely. With heat waves becoming more frequent in intensity and length, people suffer under high temperature. Espeacially elders, children and sick people are affected by health issues. The mortality rate is higher during heat waves. This hazard will increase in the future.
884Cities 202043926City of MannheimGermanyEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Water Scarcity > DroughtYesMedium HighMedium HighOther, please specify: NoneEnvironment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; TourismOther, please specify: NoneIncreasingIncreasingMedium HighMedium-term (2026-2050)Drought especially is an issue for the forest and urban green. The trees in the forest are not adapted to long period of droughts, so they die off. This has already happened in the last years and is expected to continue in the future. Also city trees need more additional irrigation which is high work load.
885Cities 202043926City of MannheimGermanyEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Biological hazards > Vector-borne diseaseYesMediumLowIncreased demand for healthcare servicesPublic healthOther, please specify: EveryoneIncreasingIncreasingMedium HighMedium-term (2026-2050)The asian tiger mosquito spreads across the region since a few years. It breeds in still water. The mosquito is known to transmit malaria and other diseases. The ambrosia plant also spreads and especially is dangerous for allergic persons.
886Cities 202043928CanberraAustraliaSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveYesHighHighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsPublic healthChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseasesIncreasingIncreasingHighImmediatelyIn Canberra, a heatwave is a series of more than three days above the ACT Extreme Heat plan threshold of 28 degrees (mean max + mean min / 2). This is usually when there are maximum daytime temperatures over 35°C without sufficient night-time cooling temperatures below 23°C. Temperature extremes can have considerable impacts on health, infrastructure, ecosystems and economic activity.In January 2019, there were eight days above the ACT Extreme Heat plan threshold of 28 degrees (mean max + mean min / 2). We have also experienced four days of greater than 40 degrees as well as 20 days over 35 degrees in the last 12 months, as well as 375% more days over 35 degrees in the last 12 months. The long term average over 35 degrees is five days.
887Cities 202043928CanberraAustraliaSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Wild fire > Forest fireYesHighHighIncreased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Other, please specify: Loss of lifeCommercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Society / community & cultureChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Other, please specify: People living in bushfire prone areas.; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilitiesIncreasingIncreasingHighImmediatelyThe Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), used in NSW and the ACT to quantify bushfire hazard levels, combines the weather factors of temperature, humidity and wind speed with an estimate of the fuel's state of dryness. The ACT is projected to experience an increase in both average and severe FFDI in the near and far future. The current ACT average of 1.1 severe fire weather days per year is projected to increase to 7 days per year by 2030 and 19 days per year by 2070.
888Cities 202043928CanberraAustraliaSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesMedium HighMediumIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacementCommercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilitiesIncreasingIncreasingHighImmediatelyCanberra has been designed to cope with flash flooding from intense rain events. However with increasing intensity of storms, urban intensification and increased proportion of impermeable surfaces, the ability of its existing infrastructure to cope will be tested. Additionally, an increase in storm frequency and/or intensity will increase demands on our emergency services.Climate projections for the water cycle indicate even more reduced reliability of evenly spread rain throughout the year. In the mid to longer term, winter and early spring rain is projected to decrease, but there will be more intense rain events in the warmer months of late spring and summer. There is a high degree of uncertainty about the annual average in the longer term. With decreasing reliability of rainfall, plant life will become stressed and this has flow-on effects for natural ecosystems and urban landscapes.
889Cities 202043928CanberraAustraliaSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Storm and wind > Lightning / thunderstormYesHighHighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Other, please specify: Loss and damage of public and private propertyCommercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; ResidentialChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilitiesIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)A severe storm could result in significant losses to the community and major impact on the economy, critical infrastructure and the environment as well as increased demand on government services including health services. Lightning strikes also pose a risk as they have the potential to cause serious bushfires. The 2003 ACT bushfires created a firestorm that was difficult for firefighting services to contain, resulting in loss of life and a great number of homes. The impacts of these events would be of a regional scale. The numerous 2019-20 bushfires in eastern Australia were predominantly started by lightning strikes, and Canberra was fortunate to have not received direct strikes across the bushfire season. The bushfires surrounded Canberra and their smoke caused hazardous levels of air pollution in the city for many weeks.
890Cities 202043930The HagueNetherlandsEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Extreme Precipitation > Rain stormYesMediumMediumFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacementCommercial; Food & agriculture; ResidentialChildren & youth; Elderly; Indigenous populationIncreasingIncreasingMediumImmediatelyHeavy rain can damage agricultural crops. In regards to commercial and residential sectors, they can experience damage to their properties and disruption to their everyday operations.
891Cities 202043930The HagueNetherlandsEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Extreme hot temperature > Heat waveNoMedium HighMediumFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacementEnvironment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Waste management; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income householdsIncreasingIncreasingMediumImmediatelyHeat, especially when combined with dry seasons, has consequences on agricultural crops favouring some and wasting others. Naturally this also has an impact on the environment. Green areas around and in the city need to be watered more frequently to prevent their drying out. Animals are not exempt from the effects of heat. Public health is here perhaps the most affected if we take into account vulnerable groups (suh as seniors and the chronicallly sick). Risks of riots are greater among lower socio-economic groups, such as in Paris in the summer of 2006 and London in 2011.
892Cities 202043930The HagueNetherlandsEuropeClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Flood and sea level rise > Coastal floodNoMedium LowHighFluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Population displacementCommercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Water supply & sanitationOther, please specify: the entire population,not only of the Hague but also the 7 million people living in the western part of the Netherlands at or below sealevelIncreasingIncreasingMediumLong-term (after 2050)The greater part of the Hague is situated at or below sealevel. In the unlikely case of a submerging flood all services would be greatly affected. Infrastructure and buildings would suffer great damage making the task of emergency services extremely difficult if not impossible.
893Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards1Water Scarcity > DroughtYesHighMedium HighIncreased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEnvironment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Society / community & culture; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Indigenous populationIncreasingIncreasingMedium HighMedium-term (2026-2050)Auckland is vulnerable to the effects of different types of drought that could have severe implications on people, agriculture and the economy. The effect of drought could potentially damage plants, animals, wildlife habitat, and air and water quality. It could also increase forest and range fires leading to a reduced landscape quality. There will be a strain on the city’s water resources and cause conflicts between water users, inequities in the distribution of impacts and drought relief and public safety and health. Increased instances of drought will economically impact agriculture and related sectors. This may potentially inflate food prices, energy and other products as supplies are reduced.
894Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards2Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface floodYesHighMedium HighIncreased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsCommercial; Emergency services; Land use planning; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseasesIncreasingIncreasingHighImmediatelyFlooding is Auckland’s most frequently occurring natural hazard. Most flooding occurs over a short period and affects relatively localised areas. Flooding is dependent on several factors including rainfall intensity and duration, soil conditions, local river levels and the physical characteristics of the catchment. The conditions that lead to flooding in Auckland are often dependent on whether the catchments are predominantly rural or urban. Auckland has approximately 100 urbanised catchments and 130 rural catchments. Ground conditions influence flooding in rural catchments as run-off to streams and rivers occurs much faster if soils are already saturated. The majority of the flood risk in the Auckland region is in urbanised catchments where development within floodplains and obstruction of overland flow paths increases the incidence and risk of flooding of homes and buildings.
895Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards3Mass movement > LandslideYesHighMediumIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacementEmergency services; Residential; Society / community & culture; TransportChildren & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Women & girlsIncreasingIncreasingMediumImmediatelyCoastal erosion can pose a risk to residential developments, roads, lifeline utilities and coastal structures. It could be a danger to life in the case of sudden onset landslide events and structural damage or destruction of buildings and infrastructure. In addition, it could severely damage or destruct lifeline infrastructure such as water, sewage and gas pipes and roads. And cause major damage to commercial transportation infrastructure that may require significant time to repair and lead to economic loss. In Auckland, landslides and soil erosion occur in soft, weak soils that have been weathered over many thousands of years. There is potential danger to life in the case of sudden landslides due to damage or destruction of buildings and impacts on lifeline infrastructure. Also, it may lead to loss of land, particularly in coastal cliff environments, destabilization of neighbouring slopes and properties and environmental impacts of sedimentation in waterways.
896Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards4Flood and sea level rise > Coastal floodYesMediumMedium HighIncreased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacementEnergy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Water supply & sanitationChildren & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girlsIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)Coastal inundation, often resulting from storm surge, occurs in Auckland and can cause significant disruption to low-lying coastal areas by isolating coastal communities and damaging properties and critical infrastructure from flooding and waves. Furthermore, it could lead to corrosion of electrical devices and other metal objects. Salinization of flooded land affects agriculture and causes secondary hazards such as land instability and possible fire.
897Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards5Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot daysNoHighMediumIncreased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populationsEmergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Law & order; Public healthChildren & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Women & girlsIncreasingIncreasingHighShort-term (by 2025)Auckland is projected to experience up to four times as many hot days into the future resulting in increased health implications particularly for the young, elderly and those with pre-existing illnesses. Access to cooling green space is not equal across the region with some areas having very low canopy cover, often in regions of those already vulnerable. Increased heat will also impact infrastructure with potential disruption to power and water supply as well as the structural integrity of road and rails during periods of extreme heat. An increase in extreme hot days will also impact the natural environment and associated services with detrimental effects for those unable to adapt with risks to food production and biodiversity.
898Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards6Storm and wind > TornadoNoMedium HighMediumOther, please specifyEmergency services; Energy; Transport; Water supply & sanitationElderly; Persons with disabilitiesIncreasingIncreasingMediumImmediatelyTornadoes occur infrequently in Auckland but are much smaller than those that occur in the Midwest of the USA. Most tornado injuries or deaths in Auckland are related to airborne debris or building collapse. In Auckland, while tornado damage generally is localised, tornadoes have caused damage to buildings and power lines, fences and trees, vehicles by overturning or wind or hail damage and injuries to people but rarely death.
899Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards7Storm and wind > Severe windYesHighMediumIncreased demand for public services; Population displacementEnergy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; TransportElderly; Persons living in sub-standard housingIncreasingIncreasingHighImmediatelyDue to its position in the 'Roaring Forties', a belt of strong winds in the Southern Hemisphere which generally occur between the latitudes of 40 and 49 degrees, as well as its small size, New Zealand is a windy country. Typical damage experienced in Auckland city includes:• destruction of buildings, including roofing being blown off, broken windows, and other flying debris• large scale forest damage and fallen trees or branches falling onto power-lines• high-sided vehicles and outdoor equipment such as centre-pivot irrigators being blown over• very tall buildings and transmission lines can suffer structural failures.
900Cities 202043932Auckland CouncilNew ZealandSoutheast Asia and OceaniaClimate Hazards and VulnerabilityClimate Hazards8Wild fire > Forest fireNoMediumLowPopulation displacementEmergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential; Society / community & cultureIndigenous populationIncreasingIncreasingHighMedium-term (2026-2050)There is a risk of wildfire in forested areas to the west (Waitakere Ranges), south (Hunua Ranges), northwest (Woodhill Forest), north (Mahurangi Forest) and east (Gulf Islands). Fires in these areas can be caused by agricultural burn-off getting out of control, arson, careless activities such as campfires in restricted locations, or natural causes such as lightning strikes. Weather contributes significantly to the risk of wildfire. Prolonged drought can provide tinder dry conditions and strong winds can buffet and spread wildfire easily. Auckland Council undertakes a Regional Wildlife Threat Analysis to assess the vulnerability.

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Profile Picture Amy Bills

created Mar 23 2021

updated Mar 23 2021

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This dataset contains public responses to the CDP-ICLEI Cities 2020 questionnaire on climate hazards. View cities questionnaire guidance at https://www.cdp.net/en/guidance.
This data is collected through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System. When using this data, please cite both organisations using the following wording: ‘This data was collected in partnership by CDP and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability’.

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