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2020 Cities Climate Hazards
| Row number | Questionnaire Name | Account Number | Account Name | Country | CDP Region | Parent Section | Section | Row Number | Row Name | Climate Hazards | Did this hazard significantly impact your city before 2020? | Current probability of hazard | Current magnitude of hazard | Social impact of hazard overall | Most relevant assets / services affected overall | Please identify which vulnerable populations are affected | Future change in frequency | Future change in intensity | Future expected magnitude of hazard | When do you first expect to experience those changes in frequency and intensity? | Please describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future |
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| 851 | Cities 2020 | 43910 | City of Columbus | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | Medium | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | In early July, 2018, temperatures reached 94 degrees F and stayed over 90 degrees for four days. To reduce residents' vulnerability to sun exposure and intense heat, some city recreation centers extended their hours . Mayor Ginther released the following statement: “I encourage residents to take care during extreme heat,” said Mayor Ginther. “Our community centers are a safe place to cool off.” Temperatures are expected to continue rising and the frequency of extreme heat days are predicted to increase. In the future, Columbus may need to keep recreation centers open more often to ensure resident safety and will need to create a more robust public-private network of resilience hubs for residents to use during extreme weather events. This pace of extremely hot days continued into 2019 with a similar extended extreme heat event occurring in late July 2019. https://www.10tv.com/article/news/local/5-columbus-rec-centers-remain-open-weekend-help-people-beat-heat-2019-jul/530-dbce69d9-0f17-450d-bc6e-ce0c2030e861. Even more troubling, extreme heat events extended into October causing the Mayor to open cooling centers in October 2019. https://www.columbus.gov/recreationandparks/news/Columbus-Recreation-and-Parks-To-Open-Certain-Centers-Early-Wednesday-to-Continue-To-Help-Neighborhoods-Beat-the-Heat/. This trend is widely expected to continue on into the future. https://www.dispatch.com/news/20190924/2019-will-go-down-as-one-of-hottest-years-on-record-scientists-say. | |
| 852 | Cities 2020 | 43910 | City of Columbus | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Biological hazards > Water-borne disease | No | Medium | High | Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Public health; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | With stronger storms comes flashier flows, more runoff and greater chances of sewer overflows that can contaminate water supplies. During heavy rain events water flows through storm sewers under the force of gravity to lower elevations including the city’s major rivers. During elevated river levels, flow in storm sewers may reverse direction and flow from the river into protected areas. Floodgates and backflow preventers are designed to restrict water flow from inundating these protected areas, but this could be an area of impact in the future. There could be an increased need for water treatment due to deteriorated water quality. | |
| 853 | Cities 2020 | 43911 | City of Ottawa | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditions | High | High | Increasing | Increasing | ||||||||
| 854 | Cities 2020 | 43911 | City of Ottawa | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | High | High | Increasing | Increasing | ||||||||
| 855 | Cities 2020 | 43911 | City of Ottawa | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | High | Medium High | Increasing | Increasing | ||||||||
| 856 | Cities 2020 | 43911 | City of Ottawa | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | High | Medium High | Increasing | Increasing | ||||||||
| 857 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Heavy snow | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Energy; Transport | Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Do not know | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | A snowfall which is heavy enough to cause significant inconvenience and hazardous conditions, including impacts to trees, overhead electrical or communications systems, and overloading of building roofs. For the purposes of Edmonton VRA, this was defined as an event with accumulated snowfall of at least 50 cm. A heavy snowfall causes transportation disruptions and can also increase the likelihood of car accidents with associated injuries and fatalities. It can also increase the incidence of heart attacks from snow shoveling. Both these impacts put additional stress on emergency management services and personnel. Newer homes and buildings in the city are designed to withstand a larger snowfalls; however, some older structures may be challenged by new snow loads. The consequences for Edmonton's electricity grid could be widespread, but impacts would be short-lived and less serious. The extent of the impacts depends on the duration and timing of the event. A heavy snow event in May or September, when there are leaves on the trees, could cause significant tree damage and increase the likelihood of power outages. Vulnerable populations include low income individuals living in older, less structurally sound homes that are less able to withstand heavy snow loads. A power outage in the middle of winter can have a significant impact on the homeless and low income individuals and families. Individuals predisposed to heart failure and disease are also particularly vulnerable. | |
| 858 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Do not know | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Severe winds are any straight-line winds of sufficient strength to cause damage to exposed vegetation, buildings and infrastructure. For the purposes of Edmonton VRA, these are defined as wind gusts reaching or exceeding a speed of 90 km per hour.Regarding the built environment, severe winds can affect buildings and construction sites, potentially blowing siding, shingles, and solar panels off houses, blowing over cranes, or blowing debris off construction sites. Damage to buildings and property is exacerbated when winds are widespread and longer lasting. If widespread, a severe wind event impacting a major construction site could result in injuries and fatalities, with major implications for emergency management services. Severe wind can impact the environment, notably the urban canopy, damaging trees, which will increase maintenance costs and disrupt access to parks. Depending on the number of downed trees, this could have a major impact on waste management services, which is not equipped to collect tree debris. Other environmental impacts from severe wind could include soil erosion with potential consequences for vegetation germination, and mixing layers in the water column, which could lead to the development of cyanobacteria. Telecommunications and electricity transmissions infrastructure is built to withstand this level of wind event. However, electricity distribution lines could be impacted, with some isolated power outages. Vulnerable populations include the homeless and low income individuals and families. These populations have limited ability to take shelter during a severe wind event, and tend to live in older, lower quality homes that are less able to withstand winds without experiencing damage. These vulnerable populations also have difficulty evacuating and often don't have access to private automobiles. | |
| 859 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditions | Yes | High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Information & communications technology; Transport | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Do not know | High | Short-term (by 2025) | This hazard information is specific to Freezing Rain, a specific condition that arises during extreme winter conditions. This hazard was specifically identified as an important hazard for consideration and prioritization for Edmonton's adaptation strategy. This impact is defined as rain that freezes on impact to form a coating of clear ice on the ground and on exposed objects. For Edmonton's VRA, this hazards was defined as years with one or more freezing rain events meeting the minimum Environment and Climate Change Canada's warning criteria.Freezing rain is rain that freezes on impact to form a coating of clear ice on the ground and on exposed objects. Freezing rain has the most severe impacts on the following asset and service areas: road transportation, electricity system, and information and communications infrastructure.Regarding the road network, freezing rain causes increased maintenance costs and can also lead to vehicle accidents with associated injuries and fatalities. Freezing rain on surfaces also increases the risk of slips and falls, leading to injuries.Freezing rain will affect electricity distribution infrastructure, leading to increased incidence of power outages, as well as delays in restoring power following an outage (due to concurrent disruption to the road network). High voltage lines will experience some sagging, but if they failed the impacts could be more widespread and significant. A major power outage affecting the downtown core would have major impacts.Information and communications infrastructure, primarily microwave towers, could also be impacted by freezing rain causing service losses. Indirect impacts associated with power outages and telecommunication disruption could be widespread, and affecting multiple service areas: water supply, buildings, rail transport, public health and safety and the economy. No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | |
| 860 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | High | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Public health; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Heat waves are defined as a period of extreme hot weather creating hazardous thermal conditions. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, heat wave conditions are defined as five consecutive days with maximum temperature greater or equal to 29 degrees Celsius.Regarding the rail network, heat waves can lead to "sun kinks" on the rail line, damaging rail infrastructure and causing transport disruption, with indirect economic impacts due to supply/customer chain disruption. Heat waves can also impact road transportation, including bus transit services, causing overheating. Vulnerable populations, such as the homeless who have limited ability to take shelter during a heat wave, and low income individuals and families who have limited ability to pay space cooling costs (or have access to air conditioning), are particularly at risk to adverse health outcomes. Another vulnerable group are people who work outdoors. Individuals among these groups with existing pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions are most at risk. There are proven associations between heat stress and a range of adverse health effects. Health risks are compounded if extreme heat is accompanied by weather conditions conducive to the formation of smog or a general deterioration in air quality. An intense, long duration heat wave has potential to cause power outages associated with high air conditioning use and reduced efficiency on lines; accompanied by adverse health impacts associated with heat stress, this could lead to an emergency situation. Historically heat waves in Edmonton have not been as common as cold spells, and the city is not as prepared to deal with severe heat waves. | |
| 861 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | No | Medium High | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Heat waves are defined as a period of extreme hot weather creating hazardous thermal conditions. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, extreme hot days are defined as a day with maximum temperature greater or equal to 29 degrees Celsius.A single hot day could give rise to adverse health outcomes among particularly vulnerable groups; individuals with existing pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions, living along, and unable to mitigate exposure or sensitivity to the heat due to socio-economic circumstances. There is a small risk of rail snaking. Users of public transport may also experience some discomfort due to overheating on buses. | |
| 862 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Drought is defined as one year of anomalously low moisture during the frost-free season, expressed by a drought severity index. For the purposes of Edmonton's VRA, drought was specifically defined by a Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) value of -2 or below.Droughts can have consequences on the urban forest, parks, and aquatic environment in Edmonton. Birch trees can be particularly impacted due to their shallow root systems which cannot tolerate drought. Drought can impact aquatic life, via reduced water levels and increased water temperature, which can lead to a deterioration in water quality. Compared to other parts of the province, Edmonton's food system is not very well equipped to deal with drought. Drought will affect commercial crops and home and community gardens, causing reduced productivity and in extreme cases crop failure. Most crops in the Edmonton area are not drought resistant. Reduced agricultural output will have indirect economic impacts on supply/customer chains, though commercial losses will likely be insured. For the water supply system, drought can reduce available water supply and could lead to water use restrictions. | |
| 863 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Residential; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | This impact is specific to urban flooding due to inadequate drainage capacity - and is defined as precipitation that creates a hazardous and intense short-duration rainfall in the urban environment, resulting in overland or more localized flash flooding conditions. For Edmonton's VRA, this was specifically defined as 80 mm of rainfall during an event, with the majority (>40 mm) occurring in a short period (<2 hrs).High intensity rainfalls can overwhelm stormwater management infrastructure and cause flooding of streets, homes, and commercial property. The consequences for the built environment can be significant; and include damage to buildings and contents, with potential economic impacts to affected businesses. If drainage infrastructure is damaged, or malfunctions, consequences for low-lying roads and underpasses can be severe, causing major transport disruptions. Injuries and even fatalities on affected routes are possible. Clean-up costs can be significant. In areas of the city with combined water and sewer and systems, intense rainfall can overwhelm the sewage treatment system and cause sewage backup into homes, as well as the release of untreated sewage into the North Saskatchewan River. No specific vulnerable populations were identified. | |
| 864 | Cities 2020 | 43914 | City of Charlotte | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | Medium High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | With rising global temperatures the city expects to see a continuing increase in extreme heat days. This will continue from the present day through to the long-term. This is expected to cause water stress, impact emergency services and disproportionately affect lower-income groups. | |
| 865 | Cities 2020 | 43914 | City of Charlotte | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | As global warming continues the city anticipates increased incidences of high-impact events. This will include intense rainfall events that are likely to lead to localised flooding. This combined with Charlotte’s rapid development has the potential to impact energy systems with cascading effects impacting emergency services and transportation. There is clear additional impacts on the storm-water and wastewater infrastructures. Charlotte Mecklenburg Stormwater is developing a master plan to mitigate these hazards. | |
| 866 | Cities 2020 | 43914 | City of Charlotte | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Chemical change > Atmospheric CO2 concentrations | Yes | Medium High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | An increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions are the basis of the aforementioned impacts directly on Charlotte. There is, however, the potential for significant additional impacts that will affect our supply chains notably regard to food. In the medium to long-term we also expect to see displacement of individuals with Charlotte being a natural destination where people would want to live. This additional warming is likely to lead to increased incidences of certain diseases becoming more prevalent in Charlotte. With this increased warming and its associated climatic impacts there is a real potential for energy supplies to be negatively impacted – as these, similar to food, will extend long way beyond Charlotte’s borders. Each of these impacts can be interlinked and show how Charlotte will be impacted in a systems context. | |
| 867 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | Medium | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Sofia is experiencing different climate change impacts. They are mainly connected with higher temperatures and changes in the precipitations, In regard to the temperatures, the statistical significance and the sustainability of the results for all periods and scenarios provide a strong basis for the following conclusions: - A significant rise in average temperatures is expected by mid-century in both climate scenarios, with RCP4 .5, are achieved by the middle of the century at RCP8.5. As a consequence, an equivalent change follows for the vegetation period.- Expectations of a significant rise in extremely high temperatures are still in the middle of the century and in both scenarios, with the conclusion being true both for the day and for the night. Also, an equivalent increase is expected for the duration of the hot periods. RCP4.5 results for the end of the century are achieved in RCP8.5 by the middle of the century. - Considerable warming is expected during the cold periods in both scenarios by the middle of the century, with RCP4.5's end-of-century results attained by mid-century at RCP8.5. The number of days of freezing as well as frosting falls significantly. A significant decrease in the length of the cold waves, as for RCP8.5 long periods of cold weather practically do not expect until the end of the century.Rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century. | |
| 868 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Do not know | Medium | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | This impact assessment is under development as part of the SECAP. Currently, the rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century. | |
| 869 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Do not know | Medium | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Education; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Decreasing | Decreasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | This impact assessment is under development as part of the SECAP. Currently, the rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century. | |
| 870 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Do not know | Medium High | Medium Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Decreasing | Increasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | This impact assessment is under development as part of the SECAP. Currently, the rainfall results are more uncertain, but there is some basis for the following conclusions: - Rare, but more intense rainfall is expected on an annual basis. Longer periods of drought are expected.- Winter is expected to be wetter, with less, but more intense rainfall. Overall, this conclusion is not particularly certain about RCP4.5; for RCP8.5 the indication is clearer.- More dry summers are expected with less precipitation. For RCP4.5, there is some certainty about this towards the end of the century; for RCP8.5 this is also true for the middle of the century. | |
| 871 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Biological hazards > Vector-borne disease | Do not know | Medium High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Decreasing | Decreasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | ||
| 872 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Extreme cold temperature > Cold wave | Do not know | Medium Low | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Decreasing | Decreasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | ||
| 873 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Wild fire > Forest fire | Do not know | Do not know | Medium Low | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Public health | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | ||
| 874 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | No | High | Low | Increased demand for public services | Emergency services; Food & agriculture; Residential; Transport | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Low | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Flash floods and impact on agriculture (food supply). | |
| 875 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme Precipitation > Hail | Yes | High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Residential; Transport | Other, please specify: all | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Damage to buildings, vehicles and crops. | |
| 876 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Storm and wind > Lightning / thunderstorm | No | Medium High | Low | Other, please specify: all | Energy; Food & agriculture; Information & communications technology; Transport | Other, please specify: all | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Immediately | Damage to buildings and injuries to people. | |
| 877 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Tourism | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Impact on agriculture (food supplay) and vulnerable groups of citizens. | |
| 878 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme Precipitation > Fog | Yes | High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Industrial; Public health; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Decreasing | Decreasing | Low | Immediately | Impact on traffic and air quality. | |
| 879 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand | Emergency services; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Transport | Marginalized groups | None | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Impact on transport and agriculture, damage to buildings, danger to citizens. | |
| 880 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Mass movement > Landslide | Yes | Low | Medium Low | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions | Emergency services; Land use planning; Residential | Marginalized groups | Increasing | None | Low | Immediately | Impact on infrastructure, damage to buildings, danger to citizens. | |
| 881 | Cities 2020 | 43920 | City of Ljubljana | Slovenia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 8 | Biological hazards > Air-borne disease | No | Medium | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Public health | Children & youth; Elderly; Marginalized groups | Decreasing | Do not know | Medium | Immediately | Overcrowded hospitals, danger for vulnerable groups of the population. | |
| 882 | Cities 2020 | 43926 | City of Mannheim | Germany | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for public services; Other, please specify: infrastructure, buildungs and property damage | Emergency services; Industrial; Residential | Other, please specify: everyone can be affected | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Rain stroms regularly occur in Mannheim, especially in summer but they are possible in winter, too. In August 2019, a 2 hour rain storm has destroyed most of the trees in an alley, damaged cars and inundated numerous basements of residential houses. | |
| 883 | Cities 2020 | 43926 | City of Mannheim | Germany | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Tourism | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Mannheim has a highly sealed and very dense city structure. The urban heat island effect affects Mannheim extremely. With heat waves becoming more frequent in intensity and length, people suffer under high temperature. Espeacially elders, children and sick people are affected by health issues. The mortality rate is higher during heat waves. This hazard will increase in the future. | |
| 884 | Cities 2020 | 43926 | City of Mannheim | Germany | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Other, please specify: None | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Tourism | Other, please specify: None | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Drought especially is an issue for the forest and urban green. The trees in the forest are not adapted to long period of droughts, so they die off. This has already happened in the last years and is expected to continue in the future. Also city trees need more additional irrigation which is high work load. | |
| 885 | Cities 2020 | 43926 | City of Mannheim | Germany | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Biological hazards > Vector-borne disease | Yes | Medium | Low | Increased demand for healthcare services | Public health | Other, please specify: Everyone | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | The asian tiger mosquito spreads across the region since a few years. It breeds in still water. The mosquito is known to transmit malaria and other diseases. The ambrosia plant also spreads and especially is dangerous for allergic persons. | |
| 886 | Cities 2020 | 43928 | Canberra | Australia | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Public health | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | In Canberra, a heatwave is a series of more than three days above the ACT Extreme Heat plan threshold of 28 degrees (mean max + mean min / 2). This is usually when there are maximum daytime temperatures over 35°C without sufficient night-time cooling temperatures below 23°C. Temperature extremes can have considerable impacts on health, infrastructure, ecosystems and economic activity.In January 2019, there were eight days above the ACT Extreme Heat plan threshold of 28 degrees (mean max + mean min / 2). We have also experienced four days of greater than 40 degrees as well as 20 days over 35 degrees in the last 12 months, as well as 375% more days over 35 degrees in the last 12 months. The long term average over 35 degrees is five days. | |
| 887 | Cities 2020 | 43928 | Canberra | Australia | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Wild fire > Forest fire | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Other, please specify: Loss of life | Commercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Other, please specify: People living in bushfire prone areas.; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | The Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), used in NSW and the ACT to quantify bushfire hazard levels, combines the weather factors of temperature, humidity and wind speed with an estimate of the fuel's state of dryness. The ACT is projected to experience an increase in both average and severe FFDI in the near and far future. The current ACT average of 1.1 severe fire weather days per year is projected to increase to 7 days per year by 2030 and 19 days per year by 2070. | |
| 888 | Cities 2020 | 43928 | Canberra | Australia | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Canberra has been designed to cope with flash flooding from intense rain events. However with increasing intensity of storms, urban intensification and increased proportion of impermeable surfaces, the ability of its existing infrastructure to cope will be tested. Additionally, an increase in storm frequency and/or intensity will increase demands on our emergency services.Climate projections for the water cycle indicate even more reduced reliability of evenly spread rain throughout the year. In the mid to longer term, winter and early spring rain is projected to decrease, but there will be more intense rain events in the warmer months of late spring and summer. There is a high degree of uncertainty about the annual average in the longer term. With decreasing reliability of rainfall, plant life will become stressed and this has flow-on effects for natural ecosystems and urban landscapes. | |
| 889 | Cities 2020 | 43928 | Canberra | Australia | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Storm and wind > Lightning / thunderstorm | Yes | High | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Other, please specify: Loss and damage of public and private property | Commercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | A severe storm could result in significant losses to the community and major impact on the economy, critical infrastructure and the environment as well as increased demand on government services including health services. Lightning strikes also pose a risk as they have the potential to cause serious bushfires. The 2003 ACT bushfires created a firestorm that was difficult for firefighting services to contain, resulting in loss of life and a great number of homes. The impacts of these events would be of a regional scale. The numerous 2019-20 bushfires in eastern Australia were predominantly started by lightning strikes, and Canberra was fortunate to have not received direct strikes across the bushfire season. The bushfires surrounded Canberra and their smoke caused hazardous levels of air pollution in the city for many weeks. | |
| 890 | Cities 2020 | 43930 | The Hague | Netherlands | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium | Medium | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacement | Commercial; Food & agriculture; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Heavy rain can damage agricultural crops. In regards to commercial and residential sectors, they can experience damage to their properties and disruption to their everyday operations. | |
| 891 | Cities 2020 | 43930 | The Hague | Netherlands | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | Medium High | Medium | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacement | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Heat, especially when combined with dry seasons, has consequences on agricultural crops favouring some and wasting others. Naturally this also has an impact on the environment. Green areas around and in the city need to be watered more frequently to prevent their drying out. Animals are not exempt from the effects of heat. Public health is here perhaps the most affected if we take into account vulnerable groups (suh as seniors and the chronicallly sick). Risks of riots are greater among lower socio-economic groups, such as in Paris in the summer of 2006 and London in 2011. | |
| 892 | Cities 2020 | 43930 | The Hague | Netherlands | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | No | Medium Low | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Other, please specify: the entire population,not only of the Hague but also the 7 million people living in the western part of the Netherlands at or below sealevel | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | The greater part of the Hague is situated at or below sealevel. In the unlikely case of a submerging flood all services would be greatly affected. Infrastructure and buildings would suffer great damage making the task of emergency services extremely difficult if not impossible. | |
| 893 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Society / community & culture; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Auckland is vulnerable to the effects of different types of drought that could have severe implications on people, agriculture and the economy. The effect of drought could potentially damage plants, animals, wildlife habitat, and air and water quality. It could also increase forest and range fires leading to a reduced landscape quality. There will be a strain on the city’s water resources and cause conflicts between water users, inequities in the distribution of impacts and drought relief and public safety and health. Increased instances of drought will economically impact agriculture and related sectors. This may potentially inflate food prices, energy and other products as supplies are reduced. | |
| 894 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Emergency services; Land use planning; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Flooding is Auckland’s most frequently occurring natural hazard. Most flooding occurs over a short period and affects relatively localised areas. Flooding is dependent on several factors including rainfall intensity and duration, soil conditions, local river levels and the physical characteristics of the catchment. The conditions that lead to flooding in Auckland are often dependent on whether the catchments are predominantly rural or urban. Auckland has approximately 100 urbanised catchments and 130 rural catchments. Ground conditions influence flooding in rural catchments as run-off to streams and rivers occurs much faster if soils are already saturated. The majority of the flood risk in the Auckland region is in urbanised catchments where development within floodplains and obstruction of overland flow paths increases the incidence and risk of flooding of homes and buildings. | |
| 895 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Mass movement > Landslide | Yes | High | Medium | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Emergency services; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Coastal erosion can pose a risk to residential developments, roads, lifeline utilities and coastal structures. It could be a danger to life in the case of sudden onset landslide events and structural damage or destruction of buildings and infrastructure. In addition, it could severely damage or destruct lifeline infrastructure such as water, sewage and gas pipes and roads. And cause major damage to commercial transportation infrastructure that may require significant time to repair and lead to economic loss. In Auckland, landslides and soil erosion occur in soft, weak soils that have been weathered over many thousands of years. There is potential danger to life in the case of sudden landslides due to damage or destruction of buildings and impacts on lifeline infrastructure. Also, it may lead to loss of land, particularly in coastal cliff environments, destabilization of neighbouring slopes and properties and environmental impacts of sedimentation in waterways. | |
| 896 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | Yes | Medium | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Coastal inundation, often resulting from storm surge, occurs in Auckland and can cause significant disruption to low-lying coastal areas by isolating coastal communities and damaging properties and critical infrastructure from flooding and waves. Furthermore, it could lead to corrosion of electrical devices and other metal objects. Salinization of flooded land affects agriculture and causes secondary hazards such as land instability and possible fire. | |
| 897 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | No | High | Medium | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Law & order; Public health | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Auckland is projected to experience up to four times as many hot days into the future resulting in increased health implications particularly for the young, elderly and those with pre-existing illnesses. Access to cooling green space is not equal across the region with some areas having very low canopy cover, often in regions of those already vulnerable. Increased heat will also impact infrastructure with potential disruption to power and water supply as well as the structural integrity of road and rails during periods of extreme heat. An increase in extreme hot days will also impact the natural environment and associated services with detrimental effects for those unable to adapt with risks to food production and biodiversity. | |
| 898 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Storm and wind > Tornado | No | Medium High | Medium | Other, please specify | Emergency services; Energy; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Tornadoes occur infrequently in Auckland but are much smaller than those that occur in the Midwest of the USA. Most tornado injuries or deaths in Auckland are related to airborne debris or building collapse. In Auckland, while tornado damage generally is localised, tornadoes have caused damage to buildings and power lines, fences and trees, vehicles by overturning or wind or hail damage and injuries to people but rarely death. | |
| 899 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | Yes | High | Medium | Increased demand for public services; Population displacement | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Transport | Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Due to its position in the 'Roaring Forties', a belt of strong winds in the Southern Hemisphere which generally occur between the latitudes of 40 and 49 degrees, as well as its small size, New Zealand is a windy country. Typical damage experienced in Auckland city includes:• destruction of buildings, including roofing being blown off, broken windows, and other flying debris• large scale forest damage and fallen trees or branches falling onto power-lines• high-sided vehicles and outdoor equipment such as centre-pivot irrigators being blown over• very tall buildings and transmission lines can suffer structural failures. | |
| 900 | Cities 2020 | 43932 | Auckland Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 8 | Wild fire > Forest fire | No | Medium | Low | Population displacement | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential; Society / community & culture | Indigenous population | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | There is a risk of wildfire in forested areas to the west (Waitakere Ranges), south (Hunua Ranges), northwest (Woodhill Forest), north (Mahurangi Forest) and east (Gulf Islands). Fires in these areas can be caused by agricultural burn-off getting out of control, arson, careless activities such as campfires in restricted locations, or natural causes such as lightning strikes. Weather contributes significantly to the risk of wildfire. Prolonged drought can provide tinder dry conditions and strong winds can buffet and spread wildfire easily. Auckland Council undertakes a Regional Wildlife Threat Analysis to assess the vulnerability. |
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Description
This dataset contains public responses to the CDP-ICLEI Cities 2020 questionnaire on climate hazards. View cities questionnaire guidance at https://www.cdp.net/en/guidance.
This data is collected through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System. When using this data, please cite both organisations using the following wording: ‘This data was collected in partnership by CDP and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability’.
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