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2020 Cities Climate Hazards
| Row number | Questionnaire Name | Account Number | Account Name | Country | CDP Region | Parent Section | Section | Row Number | Row Name | Climate Hazards | Did this hazard significantly impact your city before 2020? | Current probability of hazard | Current magnitude of hazard | Social impact of hazard overall | Most relevant assets / services affected overall | Please identify which vulnerable populations are affected | Future change in frequency | Future change in intensity | Future expected magnitude of hazard | When do you first expect to experience those changes in frequency and intensity? | Please describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future |
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| 1001 | Cities 2020 | 49334 | City of Richmond, VA | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Energy; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Extended periods of excessive heat pose a health threat to many vulnerable residents within the City. | |
| 1002 | Cities 2020 | 49334 | City of Richmond, VA | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | Medium | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Land use planning; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Historic flooding of the James River has caused severe damage to large parts of the City. This hazard has been mitigated by the construction of a flood wall in 1995, however, river flooding is still a concern. | |
| 1003 | Cities 2020 | 49334 | City of Richmond, VA | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Water Scarcity > Drought | No | Medium | Medium | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Climate change is expected to increase the number and intensity of drought and extreme heat events in Virginia. Droughts affect water usage/availability, green spaces/trees, and local food production. | |
| 1004 | Cities 2020 | 49334 | City of Richmond, VA | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Storm and wind > Cyclone (Hurricane / Typhoon) | Yes | Medium | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | The Atlantic hurricane season is seeing more major storms. Hurricanes cause extensive damage to structures from strong winds and heavy rain. | |
| 1005 | Cities 2020 | 49335 | Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | Medium High | Medium | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Other, please specify; Public health | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Extreme heat is of particular concern for our region, because it is a threat the region already experiences, and the majority of climate models are confident in their projections of increasing temperatures. This was a finding of the city's Preliminary Resilience Assessment. Climate change is causing increases in temperature across the Southeastern United States. Since 1970, average annual temperatures in the region have increased by about 2°F, with the greatest warming occurring during the summer. Temperatures are projected to increase by 4°F to 8°F by the end of the century. There are also more predicted days over 95°F and fewer predicted freezing events. Across the Southeast, temperatures will vary somewhat over space and time. Inland areas are projected to warm more than coasts. Natural cycles, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation, tropical weather systems, and differences in atmospheric pressure across key regions of the Earth, are anticipated to drive short-term temperature fluctuations.Heavy downpours have also increased in the Southeastern United States. There has also been a substantial increase in the intensity, frequency, duration, and strength of Atlantic hurricane activity since the 1980s, and further increases are projected. However, in addition to some very wet periods, the region has also experienced periods of extreme drying. Projecting future precipitation for the Southeastern United States is challenging because the region lies in the transition between an increasingly wet northern region and a drying southwest. The northeastern areas of the Southeast U.S. (such as Tennessee) may experience wetter conditions, with natural variability having a strong influence on patterns across the entire region.Source, U.S. EPA: https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-southeast_.htmlMetro's 2019 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment can be found here: https://www.nashville.gov/Portals/0/SiteContent/OEM/docs/MultiHazardMitigation/public%20full%20thira%202019.pdfMayor Cooper's 2020 re-promulgation and adoption of Metro Nashville-Davidson County's Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan with a public statement directly linking identified risks to climate change: https://www.nashville.gov/Portals/0/SiteContent/OEM/docs/MultiHazardMitigation/cooper%20promulgation%20adoption%2005_08_20.pdf | |
| 1006 | Cities 2020 | 49335 | Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | High | Increased demand for public services | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Flooding exacerbates indoor air quality problems that are caused by mold and trigger asthma. Property damage and dislocation caused by flooding is financially devastating, especially for people without access to a personal vehicle, or whose homes are located in flood zones. Allocating funding toward Metro Water Services' Green Infrastructure Master Plan provides an equitable solution: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c2e0ebbf93fd4aa8fce0e8c/t/5c5c7d1feef1a1953a67a17d/1549565218230/Green_Infrastructure_Report_20Nov09.pdfIn May 2010, Middle Tennessee experienced unprecedented rainfalls totaling between 10 to 20 inches, which led to widespread catastrophic flooding. This followed an historical 2-day rainfall with a statistical recurrence interval of greater than 1,000 years. Widespread flooding in the region led to 26 flood-related deaths, including 11 in Nashville, with a disproportionate number of elderly victims. Record flood stages on the Harpeth and Cumberland Rivers and the tributaries led to more than $2 billion in damages, more than 11,000 damaged structures, and to the closing of 115 roads including major interstates (I-24 and I-40). Infrastructure damage was extensive, with significant damage to water and wastewater treatment plants, pump stations, and distribution and collection systems, along with damage to roads and electrical substations, including the system that provides power to the downtown business core. Major tourist attractions incurred millions of dollars in damage. Over 13,000 jobs were temporarily or permanently lost, and est. $3.6 billion of commerce was permanently disrupted. As the recovery process transitioned into mitigation, a unified approach to flood preparedness was deemed necessary to avoid overlap of efforts, coordinate benefits of combined solutions, and maximize available resources of all stakeholders. The Unified Flood Preparedness Plan identified and evaluated flood damage reduction measures on the Cumberland River and its 5 major tributaries through a collaborative stakeholder approach. The plan identifies locations that would benefit from flood-damage reduction projects and the most beneficial solutions for each location so that as funding became available, Metro knows what and where to invest.https://www.nashville.gov/Portals/0/SiteContent/WaterServices/docs/reports/UFPP%20Final%20report.pdf | |
| 1007 | Cities 2020 | 49335 | Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme cold days | Yes | Medium | Medium | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Information & communications technology; Transport | Elderly; Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Nashville is experiencing increases in extreme cold days each year. Extreme cold days disproportionately impact people experiencing homelessness, and can have severe effects on utilities, roads, and bridges. This was a finding of the city's Preliminary Resilience Assessment. Metro's 2019 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, where extreme cold temperatures are also identified as a climate risk, can be found here: https://www.nashville.gov/Portals/0/SiteContent/OEM/docs/MultiHazardMitigation/public%20full%20thira%202019.pdfMayor Cooper's 2020 re-promulgation and adoption of Metro Nashville-Davidson County's Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan with a public statement directly linking identified risks to climate change: https://www.nashville.gov/Portals/0/SiteContent/OEM/docs/MultiHazardMitigation/cooper%20promulgation%20adoption%2005_08_20.pdf | |
| 1008 | Cities 2020 | 49339 | City and County of Honolulu | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Storm and wind > Cyclone (Hurricane / Typhoon) | Yes | High | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Tropical cyclones are the most devastating natural hazard threatening Hawaii, and the frequency and intensity of these storms has been increasingly due to climate change and warming ocean waters. East-facing coastlines receive the brunt of strong onshore winds as storms approach the island, while the south and west coastlines feel onshore winds as the storms pass to the west. Coastlines facing the passing storms usually are adversely impacted by both wind and storm surge damage, and history has shown that the islands do not have to take a direct hit from a storm to sustain a high level of damage. In addition to damage from high winds, tropical storms generate large swells that cause varying degrees of damage. This is the hallmark of hurricanes that pass close to but do not directly impact the islands. Impacts from large swells can be severe and lead to beach erosion, large waves, and marine overwash. Worst-case scenarios occur when the storm surge occurs concurrently with high tide. Indirect costs include the widespread distribution of debris, accidental spills of fuel, sewage and industrial waste, household chemicals, or other contaminants onto the land or into the marine environment; in addition to environmental damage associated with storm debris or material cleanup, including the loss of landfill capacity. Post-storm debris management can be another problem. This occurs when vast amounts of vegetation debris, including potentially toxic, treated building materials from destroyed buildings, as well as other materials are burned at different sites with little management. The damage to and destruction of the built environment, particularly public infrastructure such as transportation, utilities, and communications often represents enormous economic, social, and general functional costs to a community, while also impeding emergency response and recovery activities. A nonfunctional road can have major implications for a community: general loss of productivity; disruption of physical access preventing residents from getting to work or other daily activities, prevention of emergency vehicles from reaching their destinations, with the associated health and safety implications and the potential access difficulties causing the disruption of important lifeline supplies such as food and other deliveries to the community. | |
| 1009 | Cities 2020 | 49339 | City and County of Honolulu | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups | Increasing | Increasing | Immediately | Drought impacts three sectors of Oahu: the water supply sector, the agriculture and commerce sector, and the environment, public health and safety sector. The primary environmental safety concern from drought is the wildfire hazard which is exacerbated during drought conditions, particular at the urban wildland interfaces in central Oahu. The ten driest years on record are all associated with El Niño years. Especially during times of a southerly shift in the atmospheric circulation system of the north Pacific (the Hadley Cell), when in combination with El Nino season, the Hawaiian Islands see a decrease in rainfall. Based on 20 El Nino events since 1905, it shows that the chance of having a dry winter (spring) following an onset of El Nino is 90% for winter and 80% for spring. Deficient rainfall observed during an El Nino winter is unlikely to have occurred by random chance. A moderate to severe drought affected the entire State from 1983 to 1986. Although not as intense on some islands as either the 1938-1947 or the 1970-1979 drought, nor as long, this drought caused cumulative stream flow deficits at some gaging stations that rank second for the period of record. El Nino conditions in the latter part of 2009 and into 2010 resulted in fewer winter storms putting the islands in severe drought conditions. The 2015 El Nino season was particularly severe The drought recurrence intervals calculated from the streamflow deficits ranged from about 10 to more than 25 years, depending on locality. Although Hawaii has experienced severe droughts, the most detrimental effects usually have been confined to limited areas. The areas most affected by drought are those that normally are dry and depend on winter rains and those that receive little rain from the trade winds. Other areas greatly affected are the areas that have no ground-water supply or water supply from another area. Since the decline of the sugar cane industry, which used to do the majority of the maintenance on the agricultural irrigation ditches and reservoirs, the reliability of irrigation water has declined around the state. Monitoring of the Hawaiian climate over the last 50 to 60 years indicates that there has been trend towards an increase in temperature and decrease in statewide rainfall, associated with global warming. Therefore, future incidences the intensity of drought are expected to increase. | ||
| 1010 | Cities 2020 | 49339 | City and County of Honolulu | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Mass movement > Landslide | Yes | High | High | Food & agriculture; Public health; Transport | Indigenous population | Increasing | Increasing | Immediately | Honolulu combines several of the essential components for debris-flow hazards: steep hillsides, heavy rainfall, and strong pressure for residential development in upland areas. Debris flows generally occur during or immediately after severe rainfall of more than 3 inches in a peak 6-hour period. They can sever or cover roads, blocking access to (or egress from) neighborhoods, and thus interfere with emergency operations and evacuations. The State has identified 66 highway sites on Oahu that have a high risk of rockfall (or landslide) and acknowledged that fixing all the problems could take years. A review of the transportation system on Oahu indicates that many miles of highways and roadways pass through mountainous terrain, where steeply cut slopes are found adjacent to the roadways. With increasingly severe and volatile rains patterns due to climate change, the risks of landslides have been exacerbated significantly. | |||
| 1011 | Cities 2020 | 49339 | City and County of Honolulu | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Loss of traditional jobs; Population displacement | Commercial; Residential; Transport | Low-income households; Marginalized groups | Increasing | Increasing | Immediately | The City Climate Change Commission has provided detailed research on the global and local implications of accelerating sea level rise. Relative to the year 2000, the projected rise of global mean sea level (GMSL) by the end of this century is 1.0 to 4.3 ft(0.3 to 1.3 m) with a very likely (90 to 100% confidence) to rise 0.3 to 0.6 ft (0.09 to 0.18 m) by 2030, 0.5 to 1.2 ft (0.15 to 0.36 m) by 2050, and 1.0 to 4.3 ft (0.3 to 1.3 m) by 2100. High tide flooding will arrive decades ahead of any GMSL rise scenario. Based on the location of the Honolulu Tide Station, high tide flooding will occur by mid-century, and as early as 2028, at least two dozen times per year, at certain locations in the 3.2 SLR-XA. This is a dangerous elevation range, where reacting after the fact to establish adaptation strategies is likely to be less successful and costlier than taking proactive measures. Rising seas threaten human communities and natural ecosystems in multiple ways. Urbanized coastal areas become increasingly vulnerable to four types of flooding during high water and high wave events:Flooding across the shoreline due to wave run-up;Saltwater intrusion of engineered drainage systems;Groundwater inundation and;Intrusion of buried infrastructure and other buried assets that are not sealed.Modeling of sea level rise impacts on Oahu (Report) reveals the following:Homes and businesses on Oahu’s shorelines will be severely impacted by sea level rise;Nearly 4,000 structures will be chronically flooded with 3.2 ft (~1 m) of sea level rise;Of the 9,400 acres of land located within the 3.2SLR-XA, over half is designated for urban land uses, making Oahu the most vulnerable of all the islands;With 3.2 ft (~1 m) of sea level rise, almost 18 mi (30 km) of Oahu’s coastal roads will become impassable, jeopardizing access to and from many communities;Oahu has lost more than 5 mi (8 km) of beaches to coastal erosion fronting seawalls and other shoreline armoring and;Many more miles of beach will be lost with sea level rise if widespread armoring is allowed. A more detailed economic loss analysis is needed of Oahu’s critical infrastructure, including harbor facilities, airport facilities, sewage treatment plants, and roads. | ||
| 1012 | Cities 2020 | 49342 | City of Rochester | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme cold days | Yes | Medium | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Do not know | Do not know | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Homeless population will be affected by extreme cold days (public health). Older housing stock will be affected (residential). Farmers/crops yield will be affected by extreme cold days (food & agriculture). | |
| 1013 | Cities 2020 | 49342 | City of Rochester | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Public health; Residential | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Increased demand on energy supply with extreme hot days (energy). Older housing stock affected by higher temperatures and part of population lack A/C and ventilation and cooling centers (public health and residential). Vulnerable populations more severely impacted by extreme heat as their capacity to adapt is limited due to limited access to funds for home upgrades or repairs, limited mobility or heat stress caused by increased time waiting in the heat (bus stops) due to reliance on public transit to travel to work, or transit disruptions cause delays in arriving to workplace, increase in respiratory illness and vector borne (Lyme) diseases, dependence on lifesaving equipment which can be problematic during power outages caused by heat events, people with disabilities or language barrier may not have immediate awareness/access to emergency information. | |
| 1014 | Cities 2020 | 49342 | City of Rochester | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | Yes | Medium High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Information & communications technology; Residential; Transport | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Power outages, roads blocked, businesses shut down, people cannot go to work. Vulnerable groups are disproportionately impacted and have very limited means to bounce back or adapt to severe damages/disruptions. Damage to homes/businesses/disruption of power and public transit will continue and worsen into the future. | |
| 1015 | Cities 2020 | 49342 | City of Rochester | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Flooding can affect combined-sewer overflows causing health issues and limiting water recreation which will have social and economic impacts. Flooding from extreme rain will continue to severely impact the environment (water bodies, shorelines), and has/will damage homes/businesses. Flooding will continue to disproportionately impact vulnerable populations with limited resources to bounce back or adapt to impacts. Vulnerable populations who are forced to live in damaged and untreated buildings or unaware of resources due to limited mobility or language barrier, will suffer health hazards (mold, sanitary issues). If businesses they work in shut down, their livelihood will be negatively impacted. | |
| 1016 | Cities 2020 | 49345 | City of Birmingham | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Storm and wind > Tornado | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Residential | Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | Destruction of housing and disru7ption in fabric of neighborhood, decrease in population due to loss of structures | |
| 1017 | Cities 2020 | 49345 | City of Birmingham | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Chemical change > Atmospheric CO2 concentrations | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Industrial; Transport | Marginalized groups; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Do not know | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | Utilization of coal for generation of electricity will lead to increased production in greenhouse gases. | |
| 1018 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Immediately | |||||||
| 1019 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme Precipitation > Hail | Yes | High | Commercial; Energy; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Residential; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Do not know | Do not know | ||||||
| 1020 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | Yes | Energy; Information & communications technology; Public health; Residential; Transport | ||||||||||
| 1021 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Storm and wind > Tornado | Yes | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | |||||
| 1022 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Education; Emergency services; Food & agriculture; Law & order; Public health; Society / community & culture | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | ||
| 1023 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | Medium High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacement | Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | ||
| 1024 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Biological hazards > Insect infestation | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services | Commercial; Education; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | None | Medium | Immediately | ||
| 1025 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 8 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities | Commercial; Education; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | ||
| 1026 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 9 | Wild fire > Land fire | No | Low | Does not currently impact the city | Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Loss of tax base to support public services; Loss of traditional jobs; Migration from rural areas to cities | Food & agriculture; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | None | None | Low | There is little prairie left within and near Omaha, but periodic fires are natural for a prairie environment. Increased drought and extreme heat events may increase the chance of prairie fires, impacting the agricultural and residential areas that surround what prairies still exist. | ||
| 1027 | Cities 2020 | 49347 | City of Omaha | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 10 | Wild fire > Forest fire | Do not know | Medium Low | Medium Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Loss of tax base to support public services; Loss of traditional jobs; Population displacement | Commercial; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Land use planning; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management | Do not know | Do not know | Do not know | Omaha has two significant forest areas: the Ponca Hills in the northeast portion of Douglas County, and the Elkhorn Ridgeline running along the eastern bank of the Elkhorn River in western Douglas County. While major wildfires are unlikely, small fires are regularly reported. Increased drought and extreme heat events may make larger scale wildfires seen elsewhere in the state more likely to occur in Omaha and around Omaha. | |||
| 1028 | Cities 2020 | 49360 | City of Tshwane | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Very hot day and heat waves lead to poor productivity, exacerbate illness, water scarcity, pressure on energy services (HVAC systems), crop failures impacting food security and food costs. | |
| 1029 | Cities 2020 | 49360 | City of Tshwane | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium | Medium | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Residential; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Flash floods damage infrastructure and lead to traffic congestion and road accidents. Flooding of homes and informal settlements particularly those located below the flood line has been experienced. This will intensify especially in those areas which do not have | |
| 1030 | Cities 2020 | 49360 | City of Tshwane | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | No | High | High | Increased resource demand | Energy | Marginalized groups | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Extreme hot days increases exposure to heat-stroke and places pressure on the supply of electricity as the demand on HVAC systems increases. | |
| 1031 | Cities 2020 | 49360 | City of Tshwane | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Water Scarcity > Drought | No | High | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Water supply & sanitation | Marginalized groups; Other, please specify: Drought will affect all residents and the business community; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Water and food insecurity is heightened. We are currently experiencing water restrictions and the threat of water supply being throttled by the Water Board. | |
| 1032 | Cities 2020 | 49360 | City of Tshwane | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Land use planning; Transport | Low-income households; Other, please specify: Commuters; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Do not know | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Currently there are certain roads that become flooded, leading to the risk of cars being washed away. A few incidence of people being washed away by rivers. Settlements in low-lying areas get flooded as well. | |
| 1033 | Cities 2020 | 49362 | Ulaanbaatar City | Mongolia | East Asia | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditions | Yes | Medium High | Medium | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Migration from rural areas to cities | Energy; Public health; Transport | Low-income households; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | The Ulaanbaatar city is located in the north, 1,300 meters above sea level, and it's relatively rainy, not only for the northern position but also for its proximity to the mountains, in fact, it receives about 300 mm of rain or snow per year. During winter, Ulaanbaatar it's the coldest capital in the world, having an average in January of -24.5 °C. The minimum temperature at night drops easily below -35 °C; in January 2012, it dropped below -40 °C for a consecutive week, with a low of -44 °C , while in January 2001, it reached -45 °C. In April and October, the daily average is around 0 °C. In May and September, lows are around freezing 0 °C and highs around 15 °C, but given the climatic variability, sometimes, there can be intense frosts even in these months. During winter, snowfalls occur frequently, but they are light. The sky is often clear, although in the coldest hours, mists may form. The daily minimum temperature and cold waves has increased since 1980s in Ulaanbaatar. When air temperature decreases below–30ºC the road in Ulaanbaatar freezes and causes increase of maintenance. | |
| 1034 | Cities 2020 | 49362 | Ulaanbaatar City | Mongolia | East Asia | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | Summer highs in July and August are about 25.5 °C, with very cool nights, around 11 °C . Occasionally, it can get cold even in summer, while during the day, it can get hot: the temperature rarely exceeds 32/33 °C, but it can sometimes reach 37/38 °C. Increased temperatures, long lasting hot days and heat waves are likely to have impacts on the pavement performance and influence the rate of pavement deterioration by altering the moisture balances in the pavement foundation, accelerating the ageing of road surfacing bitumen layers, deteriorating pavement like weakening of strength and cause to soften the surface asphalt which in turn weakens the road pavement strength. | |
| 1035 | Cities 2020 | 49367 | Freetown City | Sierra Leone | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Due to climate change we are expecting heavy rains during the peak of the rainy season to become more extreme. At the same time, over and estimated half a million trees a year has been lost in the Western Area due to deforestation. This has hindered the resilience of the city towards flooding. | |
| 1036 | Cities 2020 | 49367 | Freetown City | Sierra Leone | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | Yes | Medium | Medium Low | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Land use planning | Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | The 2050 scenario sea-level is estimated to be 3m to 4m above the current global mean sea level. According the World Bank Multy-City Hazard Report the annual average direct loss to buildings is $1.4 million a year and about 300 people will be forced to relocate a year due to sea level rising.Some communities living on the edge of the ocean are already using sand to build barriers against the high tides. | |
| 1037 | Cities 2020 | 49367 | Freetown City | Sierra Leone | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Mass movement > Landslide | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Residential | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | In 2017 a single mudslide killed 1,141 people and left more than 3,000 homeless. Deforestation and rampant urbanisation on very steep slopes are considered to be the main causes of this tragic event.The particular topography and climate of Freetown make the city particularly prone to mudslides. Although land use planning is one of the priorities of the Transform Freetown Agenda, we expect landslides to become continue happening in steep areas that have been urbanised. | |
| 1038 | Cities 2020 | 49367 | Freetown City | Sierra Leone | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Biological hazards > Water-borne disease | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | None | None | Medium | Immediately | Typhoid and other water-borne diseases are widespread in Sierra Leone. | |
| 1039 | Cities 2020 | 49389 | Kyoto | Japan | East Asia | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions | Commercial; Residential; Tourism; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | 河川の氾濫や内水氾濫の増加による,社会経済活動の停滞,文化財の破損 など | ||
| 1040 | Cities 2020 | 49389 | Kyoto | Japan | East Asia | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Commercial; Society / community & culture; Tourism | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | 熱中症リスクの向上とそれに伴う,夏の屋外の伝統行事やイベントの中止による文化の断絶や観光業の停滞 | ||
| 1041 | Cities 2020 | 50154 | City of Turku | Finland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Land use planning; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Urban runoff floods, sewer network overflows, property damage and water pollution.Rains in the Turku area were estimated to develop in a way that winter rains increase while summers will be drier. Increased winter rains combined with milder winters when the ground remains without frost for longer times will lead to increased nutrient runoff into water bodies. This in turn will lead to eutrophication of water bodies and potentially also an increased need for dredging. Dredging in the River Aura was seen as particularly problematic due to poisonous harmful substances absorbed in the sediment and management of dredging waste. River erosion and failure of riverbanks were also identified as a problem caused by increased winter rains. These were considered to cause potential damage to streets, bridges and buildings located in the immediate vicinity of the riverbank. In the summer, rains are estimated to decrease and dry periods are expected to increase. The change may result in an increased need for irrigation in the Turku area. Increased draught was also identified as a potential threat for rock meadows typical of nature in Turku. | |
| 1042 | Cities 2020 | 50154 | City of Turku | Finland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | Yes | Medium High | High | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Information & communications technology; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Power distribution faults, property damage, forest damage, traffic problems, flooding due to short-term sea level variations caused by wind. In wintertime vulnerable people may be exposed to cold due to rapid cooling of houses during power cuts. | |
| 1043 | Cities 2020 | 50154 | City of Turku | Finland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | High | Increased demand for public services | Emergency services; Energy; Food & agriculture; Information & communications technology; Land use planning; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Risks related to water bodies and water management include rains and heavy rains, floods, runoff waters, rise of sea level and storms. Risks related to water bodies and water management are naturally linked to the geographic location of Turku on the coast and the clay soil that slows down the absorption of water. | ||
| 1044 | Cities 2020 | 50154 | City of Turku | Finland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | Medium Low | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential | Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Extreme heats already affect Finland and Turku. For example in summer 2018 Turku experienced a heat wave that even caused preliminary deaths in Finland.The buildings in Turku are not adapted for extreme heats and many lack air conditioning and cooling possibilities.Elderly and chronically ill people are especially vulnerable for extreme heats. | |
| 1045 | Cities 2020 | 50154 | City of Turku | Finland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Extreme Precipitation > Heavy snow | Yes | Medium High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry | Increasing | Do not know | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Heavy snows occur in Turku already. They cause problems for both public and private traffic. Furthermore heavy snows can cause power failures if the snow breaks power lines. People living in rural areas are the most vulnerable for power failures, since fixing the problems might take longer compared to more urban areas.Heavy snows are especially harmful for forestry and might cause significant economic losses. Heavy snow breaks branches and damage trees. The situation is especially problematic when the freezing-melting cycle changes and the snow masses become heavy and freeze on the trees. | ||
| 1046 | Cities 2020 | 50203 | Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality | Turkey | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 1047 | Cities 2020 | 50208 | Adana Metropolitan Municipality | Turkey | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Wild fire > Land fire | Yes | High | High | Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Food & agriculture | Persons with chronic diseases | Decreasing | Decreasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Our farmers stubble;- To prepare a better seed bed,-To eliminate weeds and insects,-After harvest, to planting another crop immediatelyIf it is to be passed, the sowing of the drill as desiredstubble stems and seeder eyeswith reasons to ensure that it is not cloggedIt is made. However, these reasons will providevery small besides the harm it will doRemains.RESULT OF BURNING STUFFWHAT ARE THE DAMAGESBurning stubble is the last in modern agricultural techniquedegree is wrong method. Burning resultmake up for most of the damage incurredIt is not possible.To list the damages of burning stubble as followsIt is possible.1-Organic in the soil by burning stubblethe substance is destroyed by burning. | |
| 1048 | Cities 2020 | 50220 | Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur | France | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of traditional jobs | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Follow there is a list of the other climate hazards experienced so far by the area, or that the Metropole is going to experience in a short or medium-term (we have noticed that all for all of those climate hazards, intensity and frequency are supposed to increase) : - Lightning / thunderstorm- Drought (with an extension of the period from May to October. Already experienced in 2017)- Forest fire (even if the preventive actions have started to have a positive impact on the frequency of the fires)- River flood (Var)- Coastal flood (airport area)- Ocean acidification- Mass movements : landslide, avalanche, rock fale + coastal erosion- Vector-borne disease - Extra tropical storm, "medicane" (because of the warming of the Mediterranean sea) | |
| 1049 | Cities 2020 | 50354 | Alcaldía de Tegucigalpa | Honduras | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Transport | Increasing | severe traffic congestion originates as the streets affected by flash floods are the busiest in the city, also flooding of nearby streams and rivers make necessary local population to evacuate. | ||||||
| 1050 | Cities 2020 | 50354 | Alcaldía de Tegucigalpa | Honduras | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | High | High | Commercial; Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households | Increasing | Immediately | The drought has caused the loss of complete plantations of basic grains, creating food shortages mainly in the rural area of the municipality. The prolonged drought is causing more severe rationing of drinkable water, generating impacts both in commercial activities and in the health of the population. |
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This dataset contains public responses to the CDP-ICLEI Cities 2020 questionnaire on climate hazards. View cities questionnaire guidance at https://www.cdp.net/en/guidance.
This data is collected through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System. When using this data, please cite both organisations using the following wording: ‘This data was collected in partnership by CDP and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability’.
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