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2021 Cities Climate Hazards
| Row number | Questionnaire Name | Account Number | Account Name | Country | CDP Region | ParentSection | Section | Question Number | Question Name | RowNumber | RowName | Climate Hazards | Did this hazard significantly impact your city before 2021? | Current probability of hazard | Current magnitude of hazard | Social impact of hazard overall | Most relevant assets / services affected overall | Please identify which vulnerable populations are affected | Future change in frequency | Future change in intensity | Future expected magnitude of hazard | When do you first expect to experience those changes in frequency and intensity? | Please describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future |
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| 651 | Cities 2021 | 35877 | City of Pittsburgh, PA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Biological hazards > Insect infestation | Yes | Medium High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Pittsburgh already has the Emerald Ash Borer, but much more of the urban canopy, which covers 42% of Pittsburgh will be at risk if the Asian Longhorn Beetle arrives, and changing climate patterns will bring new pests. As trees die, both landslides and wild fires become more likely. | |
| 652 | Cities 2021 | 35877 | City of Pittsburgh, PA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Mass movement > Landslide | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Population displacement | Emergency services; Public health; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Already this year cleaning up landslides has cost the City of Pittsburgh almost $12 million dollars. With an allocated budget of only $1 million this has strained the City budget, taking allocations away from other services to cover the cost. The infrastructure disruption impacts the fabric of the city including access and puts the lives of our residents and emergency service staff at risk. | |
| 653 | Cities 2021 | 35877 | City of Pittsburgh, PA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 5 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Loss of tax base to support public services; Population displacement | Emergency services; Society / community & culture; Transport | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Increase in rainfall equates to flooding, landslides, and Combined Sewer Overflow for Pittsburgh. | |
| 654 | Cities 2021 | 35877 | City of Pittsburgh, PA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 6 | Chemical change > Atmospheric CO2 concentrations | Yes | Medium High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Migration from rural areas to cities | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Society / community & culture | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | ||
| 655 | Cities 2021 | 35878 | City of Sacramento, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | Medium High | Medium Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Food & agriculture; Public health; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Historically, the average annual maximum temperature in the City of Sacramento has been 74.1°F. This value is projected to increase to between 78.3°F and 79.4°F by midcentury (2040-2049), and to between 79.6°F and 85°F by the end of the century (2090-2099). IHistorically, the City of Sacramento has experienced about four extreme heat days per year. By midcentury (2040-2049), the City is projected to experience between 19 and 22 extreme days per year. At the end of the century (2090-2099), this number is anticipated to be between 22 and 62 extreme heat days per year. Heat waves are projected to increase in frequency, intensity, and duration for the Sacramento region. Extreme heat waves are expected to increase in number by ten times in the Sacramento region and could become an annual event by 2100. Sacramento could experience up to 100 additional days per year with temperatures above 95°F and by 2090, the average July temperature could reach over 104°F. | |
| 656 | Cities 2021 | 35878 | City of Sacramento, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium | Medium | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Energy; Public health; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Overall, annual precipitation is expected to increase in the Sacramento region. Between theyears of 1961 and 1990, the City of Sacramento received about 18.9 inches of rain per year.By midcentury, this number is projected to increase to between 20.3 and 22.8 inches per year.Annual precipitation may reach 24 inches per year by the end of the century. However, thisincrease will not occur at a uniform rate throughout the year. Results of modeling the Sacramento region predict a slight increase in winter rainfall, while spring and summer months. Historically, the City ofSacramento has experienced about twelve extreme rain events per year. This number couldincrease to about fourteen extreme rain events by the end of the century. The duration ofthese high intensity storms may produce higher volumes of runoff, contribute to increasedflood risk, intensify weatherization of transportation infrastructure such as roads andbridges, and contribute to levee failure. | |
| 657 | Cities 2021 | 35878 | City of Sacramento, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > Groundwater flood | High | High | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Public health; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Sacramento is located at the confluence of two rivers. More extreme storm events are expected to increase water runoff to streams and rivers during the winter months, heightening flood risks. | ||||
| 658 | Cities 2021 | 35878 | City of Sacramento, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Emergency services; Food & agriculture; Public health; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Sacramento is located at the confluence of two rivers. More extreme storm events are expected to increase water runoff to streams and rivers during the winter months, heightening flood risks. Historically, the City of Sacramento has experienced about twelve extreme rain events per year. This number could increase to about fourteen extreme rain events by the end of the century. The duration of these high intensity storms may produce higher volumes of runoff, contribute to increased flood risk, intensify weatherization of transportation infrastructure such as roads andbridges, and contribute to levee failure. | |||
| 659 | Cities 2021 | 35878 | City of Sacramento, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 5 | Chemical change > Salt water intrusion | No | Low | Low | Increased resource demand | Food & agriculture; Water supply & sanitation | Indigenous population; Marginalized groups | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | Sacramento’s location (70 miles inland coast) limits the most significant effects from sea level rise. However, rising sea levels may lead to levee failures in the Delta causing infrastructure damage, flooding, and saltwater intrusion into groundwater aquifers that may affect Sacramento region groundwater sources. It is also possible that sea level rise could reduce the effectiveness of Delta and nearby Delta levees, or increase flood levels in tidally affected reaches of the Sacramento River, if storm flow and tide conditions coincide. An influx of saltwater would degrade California’s inland estuaries, wetlands, and groundwater aquifers. Saltwater intrusion could threaten the quality and reliability of California’s biggest fresh water supply that is pumped from the southern edge of the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta. Areas near the delta are most vulnerable to the effects of sea level rise. Rising sea levels in the Delta may result in saltwater intrusion into the Sacramento River; increased freshwater demands from the municipal and agricultural sector and reduced snowpack may cause further increases in river salinity. In 2014, the U.S.Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation predicted that Delta salinity may increase by 33% by the end of the century. | |
| 660 | Cities 2021 | 35878 | City of Sacramento, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 6 | |||||||||||||
| 661 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | No | High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Public health; Society / community & culture | Children & youth; Elderly; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Low | Short-term (by 2025) | Extreme hot days may lead to an increase in Heat-related illness; and if severe enough, power outages. | |
| 662 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Storm and wind > Lightning / thunderstorm | No | High | High | Increased resource demand | Emergency services; Energy; Public health | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Power outages | |
| 663 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | Medium Low | Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand | Emergency services; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Urban flooding; Water quality and quantity impacts | |
| 664 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Storm and wind > Severe wind | No | High | Medium High | Increased resource demand | Emergency services; Energy; Public health | Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Power outages; damage to infrastructure | |
| 665 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 5 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Energy; Public health | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Heat-related illness; power outages | |
| 666 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 6 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium | Medium High | Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand | Emergency services; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | Impassable roads rerouting transportation and emergency vehicles; flood damage to homes resulting in mold or other health threats | |
| 667 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 7 | Water Scarcity > Drought | No | Medium | Medium Low | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand | Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Increasing | Increasing | Low | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Reduced water quality; less water for crops and increased demand for irrigation | ||
| 668 | Cities 2021 | 35879 | City of Minneapolis, MN | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 8 | Biological hazards > Vector-borne disease | No | Medium High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Food & agriculture; Public health; Society / community & culture | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Vector-borne disease | |
| 669 | Cities 2021 | 35880 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | Brazil | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand | Energy; Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Os impactos sentidos até agora afetam a população na medida em que precisem de maior proteção. Ao mesmo tempo que há um aumento de consumo de água e energia para uso de ventilador e ar-condicionado, além dos perigos à saúde, considerando o aumento da absorção de radiação quando expostos . | |
| 670 | Cities 2021 | 35880 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | Brazil | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Emergency services; Energy; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport; Waste management | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Do not know | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | Danos em bens públicos e privados, com aumento de demanda por serviços públicos e de emergência, como ocorre com frequencia no caso das inudações do Bairro Arquipélago (Ilhas). | |
| 671 | Cities 2021 | 35880 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | Brazil | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Emergency services; Energy; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Information & communications technology; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Grandes tempestades, acompanhadas de ciclones, vem sendo registradas no Sul do país. A mais recente a atingir Porto Alegre foi provocada por um ciclone-bomba, com muitos danos ao município, com acúmulo de quase 150 mm de chuva em 24 horas e rajadas de vento de 70km/h, registrados em 08/07/2020 pela MetSul. | |
| 672 | Cities 2021 | 35880 | Municipality of Porto Alegre | Brazil | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacement | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Se por um lado as chuvas extremas estão mais frequentes, por outro, o Estado vem sentindo longos períodos de estiagem, como o deste ano (2020), gerando problemas para a o setor da agricultura e pecuária para o abastecimento de água. Em Porto Alegre, especificamente, ocorreram problemas como falta de abastecimento de agua em bairros mais vulneráveis, como a Lomba do Pinheiro, e seca de lagos com problemas para a faina local, como o lago do Parcão (Parque Moinhos de Vento). | |
| 673 | Cities 2021 | 35882 | City of Tampa, FL | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium | Medium Low | Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households | Decreasing | Increasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Storm water management is a significant dilemma for the city and we have undertaken a sea level rise vulnerability assessment along side this issue | |
| 674 | Cities 2021 | 35883 | City of San José, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | Medium | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Other, please specify: Those who work outside/are active outdoors, homeless populations; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Immediately | A limited increase in the number of heat waves is expected by 2050. By 2100, between six and 10 more heat waves can be expected per year. Increased temperatures manifested as heat waves and sustained high heat days directly harm human health through heat-related illnesses (mild heat stress to fatal heat stroke) and the exacerbation of pre-existing conditions in the medically fragile, chronically ill, and vulnerable. In 2012, nearly 40% of adult county residents reported one or more chronic health conditions, 15% reported being diagnosed with asthma, and about 19% were obese. Furthermore, nearly 8% of county residents 5 years or older had a mental or physical disability. In 2010, the county had approximately 39,000 outdoor workers whose occupation increased their risk of heat illness, and about 35% of households in the county were estimated to lack air conditioning. Increased heat also intensifies the photochemical reactions that produce smog and ground level ozone and fine particulates (PM2.5), which contribute to and exacerbate respiratory disease in children and adults. Increased heat and carbon dioxide enhance the growth of plants that produce pollen, which are associated with allergies. Increased temperatures add to the heat load of buildings in urban areas and exacerbate existing urban heat islands adding to the risk of high ambient temperatures. In addition, violent crime has been shown to increase during heat events. In 2005-2010, there was an annual average of 99 heat-related emergency room visits in the county, and an age-adjusted rate of 5.7 emergency room visits per 100,000 persons. In addition, habitats in our county have evolved in a relatively mild climate, with few temperature extremes. As a result, the county currently supports several fragile habitats that may be particularly vulnerable to climate extremes, including Serpentine Scrub, Ephemeral Wetlands, and Redwood Forests. However, temperature increases will impact all habitats. Examples of potential impacts include species composition changes and increase in invasive species. Decreases in ecosystem services associated with vegetation change may also result in impacts to adjacent built lands. | |
| 675 | Cities 2021 | 35883 | City of San José, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Other, please specify: Those who work outside/are active outdoors, homeless populations; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Immediately | Extreme heat days and especially nights have become more frequent since 1950. Heat waves have been highly variable each year, but night time heat waves have shown a marked increase since the mid-1970s. During periods of extreme heat energy demand increases as more people rely on air conditioning to stay cool. Lack of air conditioning increases risk of illness or death in extreme heat events, which pose the greatest risk to the elderly; people with mental illness, chronic conditions, or low incomes; people who are homeless or incarcerated; and those experiencing social or health-related vulnerabilities. In addition, violent crime has been shown to increase during heat events. In 2012, nearly 40% of adult county residents reported one or more chronic health conditions, 15% reported being diagnosed with asthma, and about 19% were obese. Furthermore, nearly 8% of county residents 5 years or older had a mental or physical disability. In 2005-2010, there was an annual average of 99 heat-related emergency room visits in the county, and an age-adjusted rate of 5.7 emergency room visits per 100,000 persons. In addition, habitats in our county have evolved in a relatively mild climate, with few temperature extremes. As a result, the county currently supports several fragile habitats that may be particularly vulnerable to climate extremes, including Serpentine Scrub, Ephemeral Wetlands, and Redwood Forests. However, temperature increases will impact all habitats. Examples of potential impacts include species composition changes and increase in invasive species. Decreases in ecosystem services associated with vegetation change may also result in impacts to adjacent built lands. | |
| 676 | Cities 2021 | 35883 | City of San José, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | High | High | Increased resource demand; Migration from rural areas to cities | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Over the past 120 years, California has become increasingly dry. The recent drought from 2012 to 2016 was the most extreme since instrumental records began. This year, California is again experiencing a drought, and San Jose is currently experiencing extreme drought conditions (https://www.drought.gov/states/california). In years to come, annual rainfall is expected to decrease in the Bay Area – 1 to 3 inches by 2050 and 4 to 5 inches by 2090.Drought, both in the Sierra Nevada mountains and the local region, decreases the availability and quality of water for humans. This includes reduced water levels to fight wildfires. Drought may increase exposure to health hazards including wildfires, dust storms, extreme heat events, land subsidence, increased water pollution, erosion, degraded water quality, reduced water quantity, degradation of watersheds, alteration of ecosystems and loss of habitat. It can also lead to the emergence of new contagious and vector-borne disease. Although San José significantly cut back on its water consumption during the most recent drought, a rebound is expected, and demand will continue to grow in the absence of long-term measures. It is in the community’s interest to curb its water use to reduce the strain on the water supply and be prepared for future droughts. In addition, habitats in our county have evolved in a relatively mild climate, with large storms and long, intense droughts happening only rarely. As a result, the county currently supports several fragile habitats that may be particularly vulnerable to climate extremes, including Serpentine Scrub, Ephemeral Wetlands, and Redwood Forests. However, precipitation changes will impact all habitats. Examples of potential impacts include species composition changes due to more frequent wildfires and increase in invasive species. Decreases in ecosystem services associated with vegetation change may also result in impacts to adjacent built lands. | |
| 677 | Cities 2021 | 35883 | City of San José, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Residential; Transport | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | San Jose has three major rivers/creeks with numerous tributaries featuring various levels of flood control mitigation. While flood mitigation features continue to be installed over time, climate change is projected to increase flood volumes by 60 to 80% over the next 50 years. Climate change is also expected to drive earlier snow melt upstream, leading to higher stream flow increases and increased likelihood of flooding. San José’s waterways have a history of flooding causing damage to private property and transportation infrastructure. Most recently in February 2017, the Coyote Creek flooded large areas of downtown San José causing $73 million in damages, including extensive damage in residential neighborhoods. | |
| 678 | Cities 2021 | 35883 | City of San José, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 5 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | No | Medium | High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Residential; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | Sea level rise threatens the South San Francisco Bay shoreline, including parts of the City of San José. In 2010, about 12,532 county residents lived on coastal blocks at risk of inundation from a 100-year flood. With an additional 55 inches of sea level rise, the inundation zone would potentially include more than 39,000 residents. The residential community of Alviso, the San Jose-Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility (Facility), several solid waste facilities, a water purification facility and numerous other privately-owned industrial sites, including many of Silicon Valley's "high-tech" companies, could all be subject to coastal flooding. The area also features extensive wildlife habitat. | |
| 679 | Cities 2021 | 35883 | City of San José, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 6 | Wild fire > Land fire | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential | Elderly; Other, please specify: People who work or are active outdoors; homeless populations; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | San Jose is ringed by zones of Moderate Fire Hazard Severity. In 2010, about 2% of the county’s residents lived in fire hazard zones of moderate to very high severity. The CAL FIRE archives (which report only fires of significant size) include 62 instances of wildfire in the county from 1878 to 2009, affecting 113,345 acres or 177 square miles. Drought, which is expected to occur more frequently with climate change, increases the risk of wildfires and reduces the amount of water available to fight wildfires. Climate change is also expected to cause fires to spread faster and burn more intensely in most vegetation types, particularly grassland. In Santa Clara County, a 51% increase in future is expected in fires that escape, as well as a 41% increase in the amount of acres burned in the average “contained” fire. In addition, more frequent or extensive fires could drive shifts from forest to grass and shrub vegetation, increasing susceptibility to future fires. Wildfires impact watersheds by increasing the risk of landslides, mudslides, and sediment in run-off that reduces water quality. In addition to fire-related injuries, local and regional transport of smoke, ash, and fine particles increases respiratory and cardiovascular risks. Wildfires can also disrupt energy distribution, both directly by disrupting transmission lines and indirectly by causing utilities to shut down electricity distribution to avoid generating fire-starting sparks. In San Jose, PG&E began using Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPSs; https://www.pge.com/en_US/residential/outages/public-safety-power-shuttoff/psps-reports.page) during the 2019 fire season to reduce the risk of wildfire by preemptively stopping electricity distribution during high-temperature, high-wind conditions. In the first PSPS event affecting San Jose in 2019, almost 20,000 San Jose customer accounts went without power an average of more than 16 hours. In the second PSPS event affecting San Jose, almost 7,500 customer accounts went without power for an average of more than 40 hours. These accounts included hundreds of residents relying on electrically powered medical equipment and many different critical facilities. Fortunately, the situation was better in 2020, with fewer than 10 electricity customers in San Jose affected by PSPS events. | |
| 680 | Cities 2021 | 35884 | City of San Diego, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | No | High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Education; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Immediately | Extreme HeatIn the City's Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment the City used urban heat island index data from CalEPA to project areas that could be exposed to extreme heat. These data were the best available spatial information for heat within the City at the time of the vulnerability assessment. The geographic patterns revealed by CalEPA’s urban heat island data are likely to persist even as temperatures change over time. This source thus identifies areas of the City that are likely to be more or less vulnerable to future extreme heat events. In general, these data show thatareas near the coastline are cooler, and temperatures increase moving inland. There is a high degree of overlap of areas that have a large Urban Heat Island effect with both the City's designated Communities of Concern and more vulnerable populations in general. The heat island scenarios are represented as zones with scores of 0 to 100+, with higher scores denoting hotter areas (CalEPA, 2019). 13 A score of zero indicates that there is no difference in temperature over time between an urban Census tract and nearby upwind rural reference points. A score of 100 indicates that there is a difference of 7.5 degrees Fahrenheit (approx. 4.2 degrees Celsius) between these tracts over 24 hours. Projections are for more frequent and longer heat waves, higher peak temperatures for hot days, and warmer nights. | |
| 681 | Cities 2021 | 35884 | City of San Diego, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | No | Medium High | Medium Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Residential; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Changes in PrecipitationAccording to the City's Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment, annual average precipitation projections from Cal-Adapt and other sources suggest only modest changesin total annual precipitation in the decades ahead (Seager, 2015), but there is expected to be morevariability in rainfall from year to year and more intense transitions between droughts and deluges(Swain, 2018). This is in part due to an expected intensification of atmospheric rivers, which are oftenresponsible for extreme precipitation events that punctuate dry spells in Southern California (Kalansky,Cayan, Barba, Brouwer, & Boudreau, 2018). To examine potential flooding vulnerabilities from intense precipitation events, the City selected the best available spatial data that reflect current, highly localized precipitation-driven flood vulnerability: the100-year floodplain and 500-year floodplain from the Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) (FEMA, 2016). These reflect 2012 FIRMs for all of the City except South Bay, for which the FIRM was last updated in 2019. | |
| 682 | Cities 2021 | 35884 | City of San Diego, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Wild fire > Land fire | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Population displacement | Emergency services | Low-income households; Other, please specify: Persons with limited mobility access (car, transit, etc.); Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | WildfireAccording to the City's Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment, the City of San Diego used a conservative approach to plan for a future wildfire risk of equal or greater severity than that of recent decades. The City based its wildfire vulnerability assessment on its four current measures of fire risk: The City’s brush management zone, a 100-foot and 300-foot buffer around the brush management zone, and the fire hazard severity zone. These areas indicate where fuel for potential wildfires exists within the City.The City is located in San Diego County which was the location of a major wildfire in October 2003 that burned over 250,000 acres and destroyed more than 3,000 homes. In October 2007 wildfires in San Diego County destroyed several hundred homes, some of which were in the City. In May 2014 and December 2017, wildfires in San Diego County again came close to the City. Due to proactive measures and increased resources the City has been capably responding to local fires quickly to contain spread and significant losses while still providing support to neighboring regions and the State with firefighting and incident management efforts. Throughout the 2020 fire season (which certain observers view as the worst in California history) San Diego Fire-Rescue Department deployed operational and overhead personnel to every major fire in the State. Resources were sent to notable incidents such as the "August Complex", "SCU Lightening Complex", and the "Creek Fire" to assist as part of the State Mutual Aid System. The City's Fire-Rescue Department also entered into several agreements with surrounding fire agencies to ensure smooth coordination and appropriate cost sharing for incidents that cross jurisdictions. Despite an increase in activity (211 wildland fire starts in 2010 as compared to 408 in 2020), the City maintains an average containment of these fires to less than an acre. The City has not lost a significant structure to wildland fire since 2007 (Witch Fire that started outside the City). | |
| 683 | Cities 2021 | 35884 | City of San Diego, CA | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Flood and sea level rise > Permanent inundation | No | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for public services | Commercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | High | Long-term (after 2050) | Sea Level RiseAccording to the November 2018 update to the California Coastal Commission’s (CCC) Sea Level Rise Policy Guidance, sea levels in San Diego may rise by 0.6 to 1.1 feet (0.25 m) by 2030, 1.2 to 2.8 feet (0.5 to 0.75 m) by 2050, and 3.6 to 10.2 feet (1 to 2 m) by 2100 (California Coastal Commission 2018).Coastal ErosionThe relatively soft sandstone bluffs that are common along the San Diego coast are prone to erosion from waves and from storm water runoff. In addition, sea level rise together with increased storm frequency may accelerate beach and other shoreline erosion. The last City-wide coastal erosion assessment, consisting of geotechnical reports, site visits, and photographic documentation of erosion, was completed in 2003 (City of San Diego 2003). The City worked with consultants to update this coastal erosion assessment in 2018 and found that while the City has made improvements to pedestrian access and safety along the erosion sites, additional sites pose threats to pedestrian access or safety.Based on this identified vulnerability, the City selected the best available localized modeling from CoSMoS for coastal erosion in the area, covering shoreline and cliff retreat under a Medium-High Risk Aversion Scenario of 2.0 m of sea level rise by 2100.Cliff erosion is likely to increase with heavier rainfall events and sea level rise. Modeling is difficult as historic erosion rates are not always an accurate predictor of future ratesBeach erosion:“No hold, no nourish” assumes the shoreline is allowed to retreat unimpededand with no human increases in sediment (i.e., beach nourishment).“Hold, continued nourish” assumes the shoreline retreat is limited to an urbanboundary and sediment is increased. Cliff retreat:“Let it go” avoids coastal armoring and allows the cliff to retreat and cliff erosionrates to increase as sea level rises.For the purpose of this assessment, beach erosion considers erosion of non-cliff shorelines, while cliff retreat considers erosion of cliffs along the coastline. | |
| 684 | Cities 2021 | 35885 | Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality | Israel | Middle East | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Emergency services; Land use planning; Public health; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | The average temperature in Israel is expected to rise from 0.90 to 1.20 degrees (Co) from the current period (2018) to the end of 2050. Summer is getting longer.Impacts: Heat waves coupled with the humidity in Tel Aviv-Yafo amplify the urban heat island effect. The heat waves make the city's public spaces and streets practically unusable, thus negatively effecting local businesses and urban living. The heatwaves also affect the city's sustainability, water quality, transportation system, biodiversity, telecommunication, and electricity usage. Health impacts result in increased morbidity, higher demand for health services, and increased vulnerability of vulnerable population groups. The overload of air-conditioning on the electricity grid produces frequent power shortages and emits heat to the public realm. | |
| 685 | Cities 2021 | 35885 | Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality | Israel | Middle East | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand | Commercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | A significant increase in days when the maximum temperature is higher than 30 ° C.Extra hot days are an acute health hazard and directly impact residents' wellbeing and the city's environment | |
| 686 | Cities 2021 | 35885 | Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality | Israel | Middle East | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Water Scarcity > Drought | No | Medium | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | According to climatic models, the amount of rainfall is expected to decrease and evaporation is expected to rise—consequently, droughts are likely to increase.More intense droughts might cause drinking water and food supply problems and negatively affect biodiversity. | |
| 687 | Cities 2021 | 35885 | Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality | Israel | Middle East | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Flood and sea level rise > Coastal flood | Yes | Medium | Medium | Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Public health; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport | Low-income households; Other, please specify: People living in the affected areas; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Tel Aviv Yafo is a coastal city' with a relatively long stretch of beach front of 14km. This area is vulnerable to storm surges and the gradual rise of sea level. | |
| 688 | Cities 2021 | 35885 | Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality | Israel | Middle East | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 5 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Land use planning; Public health; Residential | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Medium High | Immediately | Intense rain results in flooding, due to river overflow and blockage of the city's drainage system. The overflow of rainwater drains directly into the sea which causes further flooding and water pollution. Rainstorms affect residents, businesses, and living conditions. The location of the city in the floodplains of the Yarkon and Ayalon Rivers makes it a vulnerable spot for flooding, and the proximity of disadvantaged neighbourhoods to the floodplains increase the vulnerability of these populationsFlooding also causes infrastructure and transport-related damages, personal injury and property damages, and is harmful for both disadvantaged population groups and natural ecosystems. | ||
| 689 | Cities 2021 | 35885 | Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality | Israel | Middle East | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 6 | Biological hazards > Insect infestation | Yes | Low | Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases | Increasing | Increasing | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Densely populated areas are more vulnerable to the outbreak and spread of epidemics and invasive pests; densely populated areas also produce concentrations of vulnerable population groups.Increased morbidity and diseases, higher demand for health services and public services, economic harm, increased vulnerability of disadvantaged population groups, heightened tensions , higher demand for resources . | ||
| 690 | Cities 2021 | 35885 | Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality | Israel | Middle East | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 7 | Wild fire > Land fire | No | Low | Low | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium Low | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Urban density increases the risk of fires spreading; concentrations of flammable and hazardous materials increase the risk inherent in fires.Personal injury and property damage, harm to natural systems, flora and fauna, far-reaching air pollution | |
| 691 | Cities 2021 | 35886 | Comune di Torino | Italy | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Emergency services; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | The main floods the city experienced in the past (1994, 2000 and 2016) caused damage to riverbank and water flooded some districts of the city. Several important bridges have been closed and river activities (sport and tourism) were stopped with consequences on relative infrastructures. The impacts were on commercial activities, transportation, inconveniences in the normal city routine and lifestyle. Some companies and factories interrupted their activities for days, with costs due to the productivity losses and damage to production infrastructures. The school system was suspended. Mobility and human well-being were heavly affected.We expect that in the future the risks will increase both in terms of frequency and intensity. | |
| 692 | Cities 2021 | 35886 | Comune di Torino | Italy | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Residential; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Surface floods due to concentrate heavy rain events (embedded or not in a thunderstorm), often impredictable in advance in terms of location and exact timing, not well manage by the city drainage system, cause several temporary impacts. Transportation interruptions or delay, discomfort in the social life, damage to residential and commercial flooded areas. Some local damages to factories and public services suspensions. When the rain is associated with thunderstorm, hail and heavy winds affect the urban green infrastructure, mainly the arboreal heritage.We expect that in the future the risks will increase both in terms of frequency and intensity. | |
| 693 | Cities 2021 | 35886 | Comune di Torino | Italy | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Industrial; Public health | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | The increase in the heatwaves frequency and intensity, is the climate risk connected to a high impact on elderly and weak (low income and lonely people). The city experience in the 2003 and 2015 an excess of mortality and morbidity in the over 65 years old class of about 33% and 25% respectively. The impacts were on the public health system and relative service costs, on the industrial processes (more fire due to very hot temperatures and difficulties in the water using for cooling). The heatwaves affect the green of the city, favoring the invasive plants (algae bloom in the rivers) and insects spread out. The human wellbeing was affected, with general discomfort for the people living in the city, transportation and social activities. The loss of productivity, not yet quantified, is another probable impact. Also energy blackouts can occur during heat waves period due to the high request for cooling. Sometimes ozone pollution is leaded by heat waves.At the moment no impacts were recorded on the fresh drinkable water but, considering the future scenarios, the city have to adopt measures to assure this service avoiding interruptions.We expect that in the future the risks will increase both in terms of frequency and intensity. | |
| 694 | Cities 2021 | 35887 | Ajuntament de Valencia | Spain | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Do not know | Medium High | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly | Increasing | Increasing | Do not know | Long-term (after 2050) | Las proyecciones locales calibradas muestran una disminución progresiva en el número de días de heladas al año, hasta casi su desaparición a finales de siglo en ambos escenarios radiativos, así como un aumento en el número de noches tropicalesy de días cálidos, que es más pronunciado en el escenario pesimista. | |
| 695 | Cities 2021 | 35887 | Ajuntament de Valencia | Spain | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | No | Low | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased resource demand | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health | Other, please specify: Todos los colectivos | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | Existe una tendencia al aumento anual del número de noches tropicales en un 0.22 días. Las proyecciones locales calibradas muestran una disminución progresiva en el número de días de heladas al año, hasta casi su desaparición a finales de siglo en ambos escenarios radiativos, así como un aumento en el número de noches tropicales y de días cálidos, que es más pronunciado en el escenario pesimista. | |
| 696 | Cities 2021 | 35887 | Ajuntament de Valencia | Spain | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Do not know | High | High | Increased resource demand | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Land use planning; Public health; Water supply & sanitation | Other, please specify: Todos los colectivos | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Long-term (after 2050) | Disminución de la precipitación media anual y aumento de sequías. Para un escenario futuro, se proyecta un aumento considerable del número anual de días sin lluvia, llegando a superar los 30 días a finales de siglo, para ambos escenarios radiativos | |
| 697 | Cities 2021 | 35893 | City of Dar es Salaam | United Republic of Tanzania | Africa | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | High | High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Public health; Transport; Waste management | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Decreasing | Decreasing | Medium | Short-term (by 2025) | Calamities peoples live, housing destruction, bridge and roads damage and solid waste disposition | |
| 698 | Cities 2021 | 35893 | City of Dar es Salaam | United Republic of Tanzania | Africa | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Biological hazards > Water-borne disease | Yes | High | Medium | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Residential; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Decreasing | Decreasing | Medium | Immediately | Destruction of of community routine livelihood. | |
| 699 | Cities 2021 | 35893 | City of Dar es Salaam | United Republic of Tanzania | Africa | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Water Scarcity > Drought | No | Does not currently impact the city | Does not currently impact the city | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Migration from rural areas to cities; Population displacement | Commercial; Emergency services; Energy; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Industrial; Land use planning; Public health; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Indigenous population; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons; Women & girls | Do not know | Do not know | Do not know | The drought of 2006 damaged agricultural production, necessitated electricity cuts (and thus drops in industrial production) and cut GDP growth by 1% | ||
| 700 | Cities 2021 | 35894 | Ville de Montreal, QC | Canada | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Do not know | Medium | Other, please specify: the built environment, the population, the natural environment and municipal operations | Increasing | Increasing | During a heavy rainfall episode, once the network is saturated, runoff water can no longer enter and instead accumulates in lower points, which can cause flooding. Basements are particularly at risk of being flooded. Factors such as inadequate ground levelling and the presence of a garage entrance with a slope toward the house can result in the flooding of homes. Also, unprotected buildings can suffer from sewer backups. Building floods cause considerable economic losses. First, they result in costs related to property destruction and damages. Second, the increase in flood damages to buildings results in increased insurance premiums and can even sometimes reduce insurers’ coverage of this risk. Significant emotional or material losses can bring about psychological distress among victims. Also, flooded buildings are at a greater risk of developing mould, which can cause serious health problems, such as asthma and allergic reactions. Heavy rainwater runoff and floods in urban environments may also damage the road network, sewer systems (particularly retention basins, rainwater and combined sewers and pumping stations) and underground facilities, which can result in service outages depending on the service (electricity, telephone, Internet, and so forth). In addition to reducing people’s mobility in the area, floods have caused accidents and discomforts.Four categories of impacts have been identified, which includes many assets/services selection, but that have not been prioritized in terms of assets/services affected: the built environment, the population, the natural environment and municipal activities. For example, Service des infrastructures, de la voirie et du transport (Infrasctruture road and transport service), Service de la mise en valeur du territoire (land development service) and City of Montréal (19 boroughs) and the 15 related cities are affected. |
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The dataset contains 2021 data on cities' climate hazards, reported by cities through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System in response to question 2.1 (" Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity.") in the 2021 Cities questionnaire. View cities questionnaire guidance at https://www.cdp.net/en/guidance/guidance-for-cities. Please contact cities@cdp.net if you have any questions.
This data is collected through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System. When using this data, please cite both organisations using the following wording: ‘This data was collected in partnership by CDP and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability’.
For further guidance on how to reference this data for use in external publications, please refer to the Open Data Portal Terms of Use available on the homepage.
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