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2021 Cities Climate Hazards
| Row number | Questionnaire Name | Account Number | Account Name | Country | CDP Region | ParentSection | Section | Question Number | Question Name | RowNumber | RowName | Climate Hazards | Did this hazard significantly impact your city before 2021? | Current probability of hazard | Current magnitude of hazard | Social impact of hazard overall | Most relevant assets / services affected overall | Please identify which vulnerable populations are affected | Future change in frequency | Future change in intensity | Future expected magnitude of hazard | When do you first expect to experience those changes in frequency and intensity? | Please describe the impacts experienced so far, and how you expect the hazard to impact in the future |
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| 3851 | Cities 2021 | 850468 | Prefeitura de Passo de Torres | Brazil | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Food & agriculture; Public health; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Women & girls | Immediately | |||||
| 3852 | Cities 2021 | 850538 | Prefeitura de Treze Tílias | Brazil | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Water Scarcity > Drought | Yes | Medium Low | Medium Low | Other, please specify: EM CASO DE ESTIAGEM A PRODUÇÃO AGRÍCOLA REGIONAL PODE SER COMPROMETIDA ELEVANDO OS CUSTOS DA ATIVIDADE | Other, please specify: PRODUTORES RURAIS | None | None | Medium Low | Long-term (after 2050) | |||
| 3853 | Cities 2021 | 850568 | Prefeitura de Rolândia | Brazil | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Do not know | Do not know | Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Loss of tax base to support public services; Loss of traditional jobs | Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Unemployed persons | Do not know | Do not know | Do not know | Long-term (after 2050) | Em janeiro de 2016, a chuva provocou estragos e houve mais de 36 mil pessoas afetadas pelas enxurradas. | |
| 3854 | Cities 2021 | 850585 | Municipality of Ambato | Ecuador | Latin America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Wild fire > Forest fire | Yes | Medium Low | Low | Other, please specify: Pérdida de flora y fauna nativa | Environment, biodiversity, forestry | Other, please specify: Personas aledañas al sitio afectado | Decreasing | Decreasing | Low | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Pérdida de biodiversidadEn el caso de que ocurra el evento mencionado se aplicará el plan de acción para minimizar el impacto que ocasiona este riesgo. | |
| 3855 | Cities 2021 | 852443 | Ferndale, MI | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Public health; Residential; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | A major flood in 2014, continued flooding subsequent years. Expecting an increase in flooding, the capacity of the stormwater system is fixed (combined system). | |
| 3856 | Cities 2021 | 852443 | Ferndale, MI | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Public health; Society / community & culture | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Marginalized groups; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | Consecutive hot weather days; continue to impact our community | |
| 3857 | Cities 2021 | 852443 | Ferndale, MI | United States of America | North America | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme cold days | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Energy; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | ||
| 3858 | Cities 2021 | 852466 | South Gloucestershire Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | No | Medium | Medium Low | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services | Industrial; Public health; Residential; Transport; Waste management | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium Low | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Flooding and storms have impacted on transport infrastructure (rail, bus, road and cycling and walking) but this has tended to be localised and not across the network or large areas as yet. More frequent stormy conditions causing tree falls ( combined with ash die back disease making more trees vulnerable to collapse). There has also been a reported incident of a verge catching fire on the highway network causing disruption and also high temperatures impacting road surfacing. More extended episodes of high summer temperatures will have been impacting on health in the local area especially for those with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases however the extend of this impact is not easily measured or captured at this point in time. | |
| 3859 | Cities 2021 | 852472 | London Borough of Lewisham | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | High | High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Information & communications technology; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Marginalized groups; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Climate change is anticipated to have a significant impact on temperature, rainfall and seasonal changes within London. The UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18)28 were released by the Met Office in November 2018. The latest predictions are for warmer and drier summers, and wetter winters, with appreciable changes anticipated by the 2020s. Increased storm intensity, frequency and duration is anticipated to further exacerbate pressure on existing drainage and sewer systems, potentially leading to more frequent localised flooding incidents. Surface water flooding is widely distributed throughout the Borough | |
| 3860 | Cities 2021 | 852472 | London Borough of Lewisham | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | High | High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Information & communications technology; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Marginalized groups; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Climate change is anticipated to have a significant impact on temperature, rainfall and seasonal changes within London. The UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18)28 were released by the Met Office in November 2018. The latest predictions are for warmer and drier summers, and wetter winters, with appreciable changes anticipated by the 2020s. Areas of high fluvial flood risk include Catford, Ladywell, Lewisham High Street and Lee Green. Except for Lee Green, the flooding is associated with the confluences of the River Pool and Ravensbourne and the River Quaggy and Ravensbourne respectively. It is important to note that the extensive area of fluvial flooding in the north of the Borough is a modelled from data based on an undefended 1 in 100 year flood event which is very unlikely to occur due to protection provided by the Thames Barrier. Approximately 1,300 LBL buildings have been identified at risk of fluvial flooding. - Social Vulnerability to impacts of Climate Change, report, 2014Expected impact of climate change on flooding:•Fluvial flooding - Changing rainfall patterns are likely to increase peak river flows, thereby resulting in higher levels of fluvial flood risk from the Main Rivers across the north of the Borough. | |
| 3861 | Cities 2021 | 852472 | London Borough of Lewisham | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > Groundwater flood | No | Low | Medium High | Increased conflict and/or crime; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Energy; Information & communications technology; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Children & youth; Elderly; Marginalized groups; Persons with disabilities; Women & girls | Increasing | Increasing | High | Immediately | Climate change is anticipated to have a significant impact on temperature, rainfall and seasonal changes within London. The UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18)28 were released by the Met Office in November 2018. The latest predictions are for warmer and drier summers, and wetter winters, with appreciable changes anticipated by the 2020s. Expected impact of climate change on flooding:Ground water flooding - Increased frequency and intensity of rainfall events is anticipated, which could lead to further groundwater flooding in the Borough due to raised groundwater levels and associated spring flows. | |
| 3862 | Cities 2021 | 852472 | London Borough of Lewisham | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | Medium High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential; Tourism | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Do not know | Immediately | Worst impacted parts of the borough include the north, east and south east. Risk factors taken from London Risk Register - likelihood of heatwave - 4, impact, 3 (London)Heatwaves such as the one in 2003, caused the death of 2000 people in London - Better Environment, Better Health Lewisham report. In Lewisham have had heatwaves in:August 2003 - 2000 deaths in england. 600 Londoners (mainly elderly)July 2013 - 195 excess deathsJuly 2019 - 900 excess deaths-Lewisham Council Extreme heat awareness trainingAs a result of climate change, heatwave and cold weather events will be more frequent and severe which is expected to result in an increase in excess deaths. The highest risk is expected to be from extreme heat which will be aggravated by theurban heat island effect. This phenomenon increases temperatures due to heat being absorbed in the urban environment by buildings and structures rather than being radiated back out to space. - Social vulnerability to the impacts of Climate Change report, 2014 | |
| 3863 | Cities 2021 | 852472 | London Borough of Lewisham | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 5 | Extreme cold temperature > Extreme winter conditions | Yes | Medium | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Emergency services; Energy; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities; Unemployed persons | Do not know | Do not know | Do not know | Immediately | In 2009 Lewisham had 90 excess winter deaths.Risk factors taken from London Risk Register - Likelihood of low temperatures and heavy snow - 3, impact 3 (London)In Lewisham:•there was an average of 105 excess winter deaths per year between August 2004 and July 2007•this equates to an excess winter mortality index (EWMI) of 18.9 for Lewisham (i.e. there was an 18.9% increase in deaths during the winter months), which is similar to the EWMI for London and England; •Lewisham’s younger than average population would lead us to expect a lower EWMI than London and EnglandFuel poverty is when a household needs to spend more than 10% of its income on total fuel use to heat its home to an adequate standard of warmth. •In Lewisham in 2007, an estimated 5.5% of households were at risk of fuel poverty. By ward, this varies from 4.9% in Blackheath to 6.3% in Catford South. For London overall, the fuel poverty rate is 10%. - Lewisham Council, Seasonal Excess Deaths report | |
| 3864 | Cities 2021 | 852523 | Stroud District Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Do not know | High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Food & agriculture; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Elderly; Low-income households; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | N/A | |
| 3865 | Cities 2021 | 852524 | Westminster City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Flood and sea level rise > River flood | Yes | Low | High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations; Population displacement | Commercial; Education; Law & order; Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Climate change is predicted to have a major impact on future flood risk. Westminster sits on the north bank of the Tidal River Thames and is therefore potentially susceptible to both tidal and fluvial flooding. Current guidance from the Environment Agency suggests that extreme rainfall intensity is likely to increase by between 20% and 40% over the next 100 years, which will increase the risk of flooding to Westminster from the River Thames. At present, Westminster has 4.7km of tidal Thames frontage, all of which has good protection against flooding by the Embankment wall. The Thames Barrier (downstream at Woolwich), and the associated Thames Tidal Flood Defences provide a 1 in 1000 year standard of protection (a 0.1% annual probability of failure) up to the year 2030.However, were the Thames flood defences to fail completely, this would result in extensive damage along Westminster’s north bank, with some areas inundated within 30 minutes. Flood Zone 3 is the area most at risk from flooding were the Thames flood defences to fail. This area comprises a substantial part of Westminster (14%) including Pimlico and Millbank, which contain well established residential communities and associated services, including shops and schools, and Victoria and Whitehall, which have a more commercial and governmental mixed use character respectively. We have not calculated exactly how much damage would be caused in Westminster by a breach of the Thames flood barriers. However, we can infer the level of damage from the last major flooding events in Westminster, when on January 6th 1928, a tidal surge, at high tide, came up the River Thames Estuary, resulting in the flood defence walls and embankments of the time being overtopped. This resulted in 14 fatalities in Westminster, most of which occurred in basement dwellings in Millbank.Environment Agency data shows the Thames Barrier has been closed 173 times to prevent flooding in its history up to 2014, with over 50 of the closures in the winter of 2013/14. Due to the predicted rise in sea level and increase in peak river flows as a result of climate change, closure of the barrier is likely to become more common. The Environment Agency has indicated that if the barrier is closed 50 times a year on average or more, new tidal flood defences for the Thames Estuary will need to be put in place. | |
| 3866 | Cities 2021 | 852524 | Westminster City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Flood and sea level rise > Flash / surface flood | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased resource demand; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Commercial; Education; Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Surface water flooding occurs when intense rainfall is unable to soak into the ground or enter drainage systems, because of blockages, or breakages in water pipes or where the drainage capacity has been exceeded. Due to the highly built-up nature of Westminster and its limited drainage capacity, surface water flooding is the most likely cause of flooding within Westminster.Approximately 22,100 properties in Westminster are estimated to be at risk from surface water flooding during a rainfall event with a 1 in 200 annual chance of occurring. Predicted increased frequency and intensity of rainfall in the future may increase the risk of flooding, which will be compounded by increased urban intensification and few surfaces able to slow down or absorb rainfall. Westminster will need to ensure sustainable flood risk management measures are in place to improve resistance and increase resilience to flood risk.Current guidance from the Environment Agency suggests that extreme rainfall intensity is likely to increase by between 20% and 40% over the next 100 years, which will increase the risk of surface flooding in Westminster. The Westminster Initial Assessments study has considered the impact of climate change on surface water flood risk. This has been assessed for a 20% and 40% increase in peak rainfall intensity and for the next 100 years. The study shows that in the event of a 1 in 100 rainfall taking place, some parts of Westminster could be flooded to a depth of more than 1.5 metres.Parts of north Westminster recently experienced the effects of major surface flooding. On 12 July 2021, three inches of rain fell across parts of London in 90 minutes, causing severe surface and sewer flooding, evacuations and property damage. Investigations are ongoing into the failure of surface water flood defences which had recently been installed. | |
| 3867 | Cities 2021 | 852524 | Westminster City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 3 | Flood and sea level rise > Groundwater flood | Yes | Low | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Public health; Residential; Society / community & culture; Tourism; Transport; Waste management; Water supply & sanitation | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium | Medium-term (2026-2050) | Groundwater springs from the ground at the point where the water table meets the surface. This type of flooding is likely to occur in low-lying areas which are underlain by permeable rock (aquifers). The risk of groundwater flooding in Westminster is considered to be low. However Westminster sits above a regional chalk aquifer covered with gravels and clay. Chalk shows some of the largest seasonal variations in groundwater levels, and it is the most extensive source of groundwater. Water that starts as groundwater can flow into rivers and drainage networks, resulting in flooding from rivers and surface water.Underground development is common in Westminster and there are a number of underground stations and basements that require pumps to remove excess groundwater to prevent flooding. Modelling indicates that elevated groundwater from permeable superficial soils are located around Marylebone, St James Park and Belgravia with sporadic pockets towards the southern end of the borough. Current guidance from the Environment Agency suggests that extreme rainfall intensity is likely to increase by between 20% and 40% over the next 100 years. Like other forms of flooding, groundwater flooding is affected by increased levels of rainfall. Westminster will therefore need to continually monitor the situation for areas at risk of groundwater flooding, especially basements and underground stations in the south of the borough. | |
| 3868 | Cities 2021 | 852524 | Westminster City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Extreme hot temperature > Heat wave | Yes | High | Medium | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased demand for public services; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Public health; Residential; Tourism; Transport | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons living in sub-standard housing; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | Medium High | Short-term (by 2025) | The UN Committee on Climate Change UK Risk Assessment from 2017 states that heatwaves in the UK on the scale experienced in 2003 are expected to become the norm in summer by the 2040s. Even if global temperature increases are limited to 2°C or less, there are projected to be high magnitude impacts for the UK. The number of heat-related deaths in the UK are projected to increase by around 250% by the 2050s (median estimate), due to climate change, population growth and ageing, from a current annual baseline of around 2,000 heat-related deaths per year. Focusing on London, climate projections show that London will experience warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers. As a city, London is particularly vulnerable to heatwaves due to the Urban Heat Island effect. This is a phenomenon which describes the increased temperature of urban spaces compared to rural ones, which can mean a 10˚C difference between London and its surroundings. This is due to the fact the urban landscapes absorb and trap heat more than others (e.g. through buildings, roads). The type of building stock can contribute to enhancing heat, especially with less insulated buildings which is often the case in inner London, including in Westminster (with many buildings predating the 20th century). During the summer heatwave of 2003, differences of up to 10°C between city and rural temperatures were measured in London, with the highest levels of heat recorded in the central London boroughs. In 2003, 600 (mainly elderly) people died in the London heatwave. London had the highest number of deaths in the country but not the highest temperatures. In 2016, there were three extreme heat days with temperatures over 30C.Westminster will be heavily impacted by any increases in the duration, intensity and frequency of heatwaves. For instance, in July 2018, Westminster Council activated the Severe Weather Emergency Protocol to launch an emergency response to support people sleeping rough in the borough during a heatwave when temperatures reached as high as 35 degrees Celsius. This action is likely to be required more often as hot summers become more frequent. | |
| 3869 | Cities 2021 | 854042 | Città Metropolitana di Milano | Italy | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 1 | Extreme hot temperature > Extreme hot days | Yes | High | Medium High | Increased demand for healthcare services; Increased incidence and prevalence of disease and illness; Increased risk to already vulnerable populations | Environment, biodiversity, forestry; Public health; Residential | Children & youth; Elderly; Persons with chronic diseases; Persons with disabilities | Increasing | Increasing | High | Short-term (by 2025) | During summer period, and in particular during days with high temperatures the mortality of vulnerable people increase | |
| 3870 | Cities 2021 | 854042 | Città Metropolitana di Milano | Italy | Europe | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 2 | Extreme Precipitation > Rain storm | Yes | Medium High | Medium High | Fluctuating socio-economic conditions; Other, please specify: Increased costs due to damage and Problems with transport services | Commercial; Emergency services; Industrial; Residential; Transport | Low-income households; Persons living in sub-standard housing | Increasing | Do not know | Medium High | Immediately | During extreme meteorological events occurs infrastructures problems in cities, widespread flooding, buildings, roads, cars, trees damages, sometimes causing death of inhabitants | |
| 3871 | Cities 2021 | 859052 | Kitami City | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3872 | Cities 2021 | 859053 | City of Noboribetsu | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3873 | Cities 2021 | 859054 | Kitahiroshima City | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3874 | Cities 2021 | 859055 | Masaki Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3875 | Cities 2021 | 859056 | Kutchan Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3876 | Cities 2021 | 859057 | Kyowa Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3877 | Cities 2021 | 859058 | Tomari Village | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3878 | Cities 2021 | 859059 | Kamifurano Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3879 | Cities 2021 | 859060 | Shosanbetsu Village | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3880 | Cities 2021 | 859061 | Teshio Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3881 | Cities 2021 | 859062 | Shiraoi Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3882 | Cities 2021 | 859063 | Atsuma Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3883 | Cities 2021 | 859064 | Town of Shihoro | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3884 | Cities 2021 | 859065 | Nakasatsunai Village | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3885 | Cities 2021 | 859066 | Ashoro-Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3886 | Cities 2021 | 859067 | Hirosaki City | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3887 | Cities 2021 | 859068 | Hanamaki City | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3888 | Cities 2021 | 859069 | Kuzumaki Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3889 | Cities 2021 | 859070 | Iwate Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3890 | Cities 2021 | 859071 | Yahaba Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3891 | Cities 2021 | 859072 | Noda Village | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3892 | Cities 2021 | 859073 | Ichinohe Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3893 | Cities 2021 | 859074 | Tagajo City | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3894 | Cities 2021 | 859075 | Minamisanriku Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3895 | Cities 2021 | 859076 | Higashine City | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3896 | Cities 2021 | 859078 | Town of Yabuki | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3897 | Cities 2021 | 859079 | Town of Hanawa | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3898 | Cities 2021 | 859080 | Namie Town | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3899 | Cities 2021 | 859081 | City of Sakuragawa | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 3900 | Cities 2021 | 859082 | Numata City | Japan | East Asia | 2. Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 0 |
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Description
The dataset contains 2021 data on cities' climate hazards, reported by cities through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System in response to question 2.1 (" Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity.") in the 2021 Cities questionnaire. View cities questionnaire guidance at https://www.cdp.net/en/guidance/guidance-for-cities. Please contact cities@cdp.net if you have any questions.
This data is collected through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System. When using this data, please cite both organisations using the following wording: ‘This data was collected in partnership by CDP and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability’.
For further guidance on how to reference this data for use in external publications, please refer to the Open Data Portal Terms of Use available on the homepage.
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