Go back to the interactive dataset
2020 - Full Cities Dataset
| Row number | Questionnaire | Year Reported to CDP | Account Number | Organization | Country | CDP Region | Parent Section | Section | Question Number | Question Name | Column Number | Column Name | Row Number | Row Name | Response Answer | Comments | File Name | Last update |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 114051 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 50572 | City of Saint Paul, MN | United States of America | North America | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 2 | If you have no direct emissions to report, please select a notation key to explain why | 14 | Waste > Solid waste disposal | Not Occurring | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114052 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 849039 | Ceres (Argentina) | Argentina | Latin America | Opportunities | Finance and Economic Opportunities | 6.5 | List any mitigation, adaptation, water related or resilience projects you have planned within your city for which you hope to attract financing and provide details on the estimated costs and status of the project. If your city does not have any relevant projects, please select 'No relevant projects' under 'Project Area'. | 9 | Total investment cost needed | 0 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114053 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 3429 | City of Stockholm | Sweden | Europe | Energy | 8.5a | Please provide details on your city’s energy efficiency targets. | 9 | Plans to meet target (include details on types of energy in thermal /electricity) | 1 | Energy efficiency for heating and electricty use. | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114054 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 55799 | Arlington, VA | United States of America | North America | Buildings | 9.1 | Does your city have emissions reduction targets or energy efficiency targets for the following building types? | 3 | Energy efficiency target | 3 | Residential | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114055 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 31176 | Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | Latin America | Opportunities | Finance and Economic Opportunities | 6.5 | List any mitigation, adaptation, water related or resilience projects you have planned within your city for which you hope to attract financing and provide details on the estimated costs and status of the project. If your city does not have any relevant projects, please select 'No relevant projects' under 'Project Area'. | 4 | Status of financing | 2 | Project not funded and seeking full funding | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114056 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 848130 | San Pedro Yepocapa | Guatemala | Latin America | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 6 | If you have no emissions occurring outside the city boundary to report as a result of in-city activities, please select a notation key to explain why | 27 | Generation of grid-supplied energy > CHP generation | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114057 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 58357 | City of West Hollywood | United States of America | North America | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.8 | Please indicate if your city-wide emissions have increased, decreased, or stayed the same since your last emissions inventory, and describe why. | 3 | Please explain and quantify changes in emissions | 1 | Please explain | The City of West Hollywood has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 31 percent from 2008 levels. See summary report here: https://weho.granicus.com/MetaViewer.phpview_id=22&clip_id=3544&meta_id=192178 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114058 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54085 | City of Savannah | United States of America | North America | Transport | 10.14 | Please provide city-wide average air pollution metrics from the monitoring sites within your city for the most recent three years. | 7 | Where can the data be accessed? | 2 | PM2.5 (Maximum 24-hour average) | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114059 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 31154 | Bogotá Distrito Capital | Colombia | Latin America | City-wide Emissions | GCoM Emission Factor and Activity Data | 4.15 | Please provide a summary of emissions factors and activity data used in your inventory. | 5 | Gas | 22 | N20 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114060 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 834374 | Tagum City | Philippines | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 6 | Most relevant assets / services affected overall | 2 | Information & communications technology | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114061 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 37241 | City of Berkeley | United States of America | North America | Buildings | 9.4 | What is the total final annual energy use for buildings within your city boundary (aggregated across all fuel types)? (*in USA 'total final energy use' is known as 'site energy use')? | 1 | Total final energy use (kWh/annum) | 1 | Commercial | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114062 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 43908 | City of Milwaukee | United States of America | North America | Waste | 13.3 | What is the amount of your city’s total solid waste collected for each of the following sectors (tonnes/year)? | 1 | Amount of solid waste generated (tonnes/year) | 2 | Residential | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114063 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 73692 | Mount Barker District Council | Australia | Southeast Asia and Oceania | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 6 | If you have no emissions occurring outside the city boundary to report as a result of in-city activities, please select a notation key to explain why | 2 | Stationary energy > Commercial buildings & facilities | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114064 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 70005 | Tauragė | Lithuania | Europe | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 1 | Direct emissions (metric tonnes CO2e) | 7 | Total Stationary Energy | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114065 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 31177 | Salt Lake City | United States of America | North America | Adaptation | Adaptation Actions | 3.0 | Please describe the main actions you are taking to reduce the risk to, and vulnerability of, your city’s infrastructure, services, citizens, and businesses from climate change as identified in the Climate Hazards section. | 5 | Means of implementation | 1 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114066 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 68378 | Municipalidad de Santiago de Surco | Peru | Latin America | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 3 | Indirect emissions from the use of grid-supplied electricity, heat, steam and/or cooling (metric tonnes CO2e) | 25 | Total AFOLU | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114067 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 60546 | Nanjing Municipal People's Government | China | East Asia | Adaptation | Adaptation Actions | 3.0 | Please describe the main actions you are taking to reduce the risk to, and vulnerability of, your city’s infrastructure, services, citizens, and businesses from climate change as identified in the Climate Hazards section. | 3 | Action title | 4 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114068 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 37261 | City of Pietermaritzburg | South Africa | Africa | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 3 | Indirect emissions from the use of grid-supplied electricity, heat, steam and/or cooling (metric tonnes CO2e) | 10 | Transportation > Waterborne navigation | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114069 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54298 | Dalian Municipal People's Government | China | East Asia | Transport | 10.4 | Please provide the total fleet size and number of vehicle types for the following modes of transport. | 6 | Transport Network Companies (e.g. Uber, Lyft) fleet size | 2 | Electric | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114070 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54311 | Thane Municipal Corporation | India | South and West Asia | Energy | 8.5a | Please provide details on your city’s energy efficiency targets. | 4 | Total energy consumed/produced covered by target in base year (in unit specified in column 2) | 0 | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114071 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54682 | Prefeitura Municipal de Petrolina | Brazil | Latin America | Emissions Reduction | Mitigation Planning | 5.5a | Please attach your city’s climate change mitigation plan below. If your city has both mitigation and energy access plans, please make sure to attach all relevant documents below. | 9 | Has your local government assessed the synergies, trade-offs, and co-benefits, if any, of the main mitigation and adaptation actions you identified? | 0 | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114072 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 31112 | Kaohsiung City Government | Taiwan, Greater China | East Asia | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.5 | Please attach your city-wide inventory in Excel or other spreadsheet format and provide additional details on the inventory calculation methods in the table below. | 3 | Emissions factors used | 1 | IPCC | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114073 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 841964 | City of Hallandale Beach, FL | United States of America | North America | Energy | 8.0a | Please provide details of your renewable energy or electricity target(s) and how the city plans to meet those targets. | 8 | Total renewable energy / electricity covered by target in target year (in unit specified in column 3: energy/electricity types covered by target) | 0 | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114074 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 840923 | Prefeitura de Nova Santa Rita | Brazil | Latin America | Buildings | 9.2 | Is your city implementing a strategy/pathway/roadmap to ensure that all new buildings are net zero carbon operational by 2030? | 2 | Building types that the policy applies to | 1 | Please complete | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114075 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54513 | Municipality of Uppsala | Sweden | Europe | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6b | Please provide a summary of emissions by sector and scope as defined in the Global Protocol for Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC) in the table below. | 2 | Where data is not available, please explain why | 13 | TOTAL Scope 1 (Territorial) emissions | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114076 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 68383 | Prefeitura de Itatiba | Brazil | Latin America | Emissions Reduction | Mitigation Target setting | 5.0e | Please explain why you do not have a city-wide emissions reduction target and any plans to set one in the future. | 1 | Reason | 1 | Please explain | Policies/projects prioritized over target setting | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114077 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 834251 | Municipality of Coronel Dominguez | Argentina | Latin America | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 3 | Indirect emissions from the use of grid-supplied electricity, heat, steam and/or cooling (metric tonnes CO2e) | 14 | Waste > Solid waste disposal | 0 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114078 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 840918 | Prefeitura de Pilões | Brazil | Latin America | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6a | The Global Covenant of Mayors requires committed cities to report their inventories in the format of the new Common Reporting Framework, to encourage standard reporting of emissions data. Please provide a breakdown of your city-wide emissions by sector and sub-sector in the table below. Where emissions data is not available, please use the relevant notation keys to explain the reason why. | 3 | Indirect emissions from the use of grid-supplied electricity, heat, steam and/or cooling (metric tonnes CO2e) | 11 | Transportation > Aviation | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114079 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 845132 | Prefeitura de Goiás (Goiás Velho) | Brazil | Latin America | Water Security | Water Supply | 14.2a | Please identify the risks to your city’s water security as well as the timescale and level of risk. | 5 | Risk description | 1 | A variabilidade climática nos últimos anos tem gerado secas ainda mais prolongadas e intensas, ondas de calor, seguida por períodos longos de escassez de chuva. Os problemas de segurança hídrica decorrem da incapacidade de a oferta atender à demanda, a cidade cresce além do esperado e com isso é agravados pela falta de investimento em infraestrutura hídrica e por problemas no gerenciamento da água. Uma boa gestão de recursos hídricos requer mecanismos de alocação de água eficientes, do ponto de vista econômico e social, respeitados os limites ambientais. O município de Goiás é abastecido por dois rios, sendo que um fornece água para mais de 90% das residências e é um dos principais rios do nosso ecoturismo.A falta de água impactar a produção de alimentos, mas também a produção de energia, do abastecimento direto de água, além do turismo ecológico. Nos períodos críticos de estiagem, são feitas pela concessionária rodízios do fornecimento de água por bairros, dentre outros medidas de racionamento, interferindo diretamente no cotidiano na população. | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114080 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 31167 | City of Lagos | Nigeria | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 4 | Current magnitude of hazard | 3 | Medium High | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114081 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 43905 | City of San Antonio | United States of America | North America | Buildings | 9.4 | What is the total final annual energy use for buildings within your city boundary (aggregated across all fuel types)? (*in USA 'total final energy use' is known as 'site energy use')? | 1 | Total final energy use (kWh/annum) | 3 | Municipal | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114082 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 2430 | City of Burlington | United States of America | North America | Emissions Reduction | Mitigation Planning | 5.5a | Please attach your city’s climate change mitigation plan below. If your city has both mitigation and energy access plans, please make sure to attach all relevant documents below. | 14 | Comment | 1 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114083 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54078 | City of Hayward | United States of America | North America | Opportunities | Finance and Economic Opportunities | 6.11 | If city staff pensions are managed at the city level, who has responsibility for making investments decisions for the city retirement funds? | 1 | Does the department/institution have responsibility for oversight and/or implementation of investment of the city retirement funds? | 4 | Other staff | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114084 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 36469 | Comune dell'Aquila | Italy | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.2 | Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability. | 3 | Level of degree to which factor challenges/supports the adaptive capacity of your city | 4 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114085 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 35874 | City of Phoenix | United States of America | North America | Opportunities | Finance and Economic Opportunities | 6.5 | List any mitigation, adaptation, water related or resilience projects you have planned within your city for which you hope to attract financing and provide details on the estimated costs and status of the project. If your city does not have any relevant projects, please select 'No relevant projects' under 'Project Area'. | 5 | Financing model identified | 6 | Yes | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114086 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 59669 | City of North Vancouver | Canada | North America | Adaptation | Adaptation Actions | 3.0 | Please describe the main actions you are taking to reduce the risk to, and vulnerability of, your city’s infrastructure, services, citizens, and businesses from climate change as identified in the Climate Hazards section. | 14 | Web link | 3 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114087 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 73692 | Mount Barker District Council | Australia | Southeast Asia and Oceania | City-wide Emissions | City-wide external verification | 4.12a | Please provide the following information about the city-wide emissions verification. | 2 | Year of verification | 1 | Please complete | 2019 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114088 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 58626 | City of Racine, WI | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.3a | Please report on how climate change impacts health outcomes and health services in your city. | 7 | Please explain | 1 | Proximity to a coal-fired power plant causes poor air quality and subsequent poor health outcomes. | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114089 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 46514 | City of Porto | Portugal | Europe | Transport | 10.14 | Please provide city-wide average air pollution metrics from the monitoring sites within your city for the most recent three years. | 3 | Average concentration for second most recent year available (ug/m3) | 5 | NO2 (1 year (annual) mean) | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114090 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 832009 | Ayuntamiento de Xalapa | Mexico | Latin America | Submit your response | Amendments_question | Please provide the following details about the amendments you have made to your CDP response. | 1 | Question number | 0 | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114091 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 31115 | City of Johannesburg | South Africa | Africa | City-wide Emissions | City-wide GHG Emissions Data | 4.6e | Where it will facilitate a greater understanding of your city-wide emissions, please provide a breakdown of these emissions by the US Community Protocol sources. | 3 | Scope | 0 | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114092 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54111 | City of Iowa City | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2.1 | Please list the most significant climate hazards faced by your city and indicate the probability and consequence of these hazards, as well as the expected future change in frequency and intensity. Please also select the most relevant assets or services that are affected by the climate hazard and provide a description of the impact. | 5 | Social impact of hazard overall | 10 | Increased resource demand | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114093 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54341 | Toyama City | Japan | East Asia | Food | 12.6 | What percentage of your population is food insecure? | 1 | Percentage of population that is food insecure | 1 | Population that is food insecure | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114094 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 848978 | Floresta | Colombia | Latin America | Emissions Reduction | Mitigation Actions | 5.4 | Describe the anticipated outcomes of the most impactful mitigation actions your city is currently undertaking; the total cost of the action and how much is being funded by the local government. | 5 | Estimated emissions reduction (metric tonnes CO2e) | 5 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||||
| 114095 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 52894 | City of Winston-Salem | United States of America | North America | Transport | 10.3 | What are the total number of journeys made in your city each year by each mode below? | 1 | Number of journeys made each year | 2 | Rail / Metro / Tram | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114096 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54085 | City of Savannah | United States of America | North America | City-wide Emissions | City-wide external verification | 4.12a | Please provide the following information about the city-wide emissions verification. | 1 | Name of verifier and attach verification certificate | 1 | Please complete | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | ||
| 114097 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 73650 | Armstrong | Argentina | Latin America | Emissions Reduction | Mitigation Target setting | 5.0c | Please provide details of your total city-wide base year intensity target. An intensity target is usually measured per capita or per unit GDP. If you have an absolute emissions reduction target, please select “Base year emissions (absolute) target” in question 5.0. | 16 | Please describe your target. If your country has an NDC and your city’s target is less ambitious than the NDC, please explain why. | 0 | Question not applicable | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114098 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 54124 | City of Fremont | United States of America | North America | City-wide Emissions | GCoM Emission Factor and Activity Data | 4.15 | Please provide a summary of emissions factors and activity data used in your inventory. | 4 | Emission factor source | 5 | PG&E 2015 | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114099 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 36274 | Comune di Bologna | Italy | Europe | Local Government Emissions | Local Government Operations GHG Emissions Data | 7.5 | Please give the total amount of fuel (refers to Scope 1 emissions) that your local government has consumed this year. | 4 | Units | 6 | MWh | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 | |||
| 114100 | Cities 2020 | 2020 | 848567 | Mid-America Regional Council | United States of America | North America | City-wide Emissions | GCoM Emission Factor and Activity Data | 4.15 | Please provide a summary of emissions factors and activity data used in your inventory. | 2 | Category | 5 | Indirect emissions from the use of grid-supplied electricity, heat, steam and/or cooling | 07/16/2021 01:47:15 |
About
This information is now on Primer
All the information that is in this pane, and more, is now on Primer, in a more consumable and user friendly format. You can also edit metadata from this page.
Take me there!
Description
This data is collected through the CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System. When using this data, please cite both organisations using the following wording: ‘This data was collected in partnership by CDP and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability’.
This dataset contains the full responses of publicly disclosing cities in 2020. To view the complete cities 2020 questionnaire guidance, including all questions asked in 2020, visit https://www.cdp.net/en/guidance/guidance-for-cities. Please contact cities@cdp.net if you have any questions.
When using the inventory data for aggregation, comparison and trend analysis, please note that the inventory data is based on non-verified self-reported city inputs. The reported inventory may not include all emission sources within the city boundary.
Please note that this dataset may contain data from cities or, in some instances, groups of cities at different administrative levels. This includes metropolitan areas, combined authorities, and 5 American regional councils, which are: Chicago Metropolitan Mayors Caucus; Denver Regional Council of Governments; Metropolitan Council, Twin Cities; Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments; and Mid-America Regional Council.
Activity
- Community Rating
-
Current value: 0 out of 5
- Raters
- 0
- Visits
- 8975
- Downloads
- 860
- Comments
- 0
- Contributors
- 0
Meta
- Category
- Governance
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- 2020 full cities dataset, cities, 2020
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- (none)
- Source Link
- (none)
License Type
- License Type
- CDP Open Database License
