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2016 - Cities Economic Opportunities from Climate Change
| Row number | Organisation | Account No | Country | City Short Name | C40 | Reporting Year | Economic opportunity | Describe how the city is maximizing this opportunity | City Location | Country Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 801 | City of Boston | 35268 | USA | Boston | C40 | 2016 | Increased energy security | Microgrid projects under consideration | (42.3584308°, -71.0597732°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 802 | City of Durban | 35863 | South Africa | Durban | C40 | 2016 | Improved efficiency of operations | The municipality has a number of municipal infrastructure energy efficiency programs underway. These include a complete retrofit of all traffic lights with LEDs. a large scale retrofit of Municipal Street lights with LEDs and building energy efficiency program and smaller residential how water pilots. | (-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 803 | Gemeente Rotterdam | 31179 | Netherlands | Rotterdam | C40 | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | Multiple projects related to climate adaptation also focus on the restoration of the local economy, development of usable green landscapes and local food/ energy production. The food production helps in stimulation a ecological strong food sector and increasing scarcity of resources. | (51.9163716°, 4.4509382°) | (52.132633°, 5.291266°) |
| 804 | City of Helsinki | 8242 | Finland | Helsinki | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | City of Helsinki is coordinating a Climate Partners, which is a cooperation network between businesses and the city. Since 2012, more than 50 big businesses and organizations has signed commitments (altogether 180) with the Lord Mayor in order to reduce the CO2 emission. The network is aiming at finding new innovative projects to support new climate friendly business in cooperation between the administration and businesses. | (60.1733244°, 24.9410248°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 805 | Comune di Piacenza | 36495 | Italy | Piacenza | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | (45.0519969°, 9.6926451°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | ||
| 806 | City of Cleveland | 35859 | USA | Cleveland | 2016 | Additional funding options | With the Federal Government and philanthropy increasingly placing added importance on not only mitigation, but also adaptation, more and more funding is available related to climate change. One example is the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, which has funded the City to plant more than 1,000 trees. Another example is the Kresge Foundation's Climate Resilience and Urban Opportunity Initiative, which recently awarded Cleveland an implementation grant to build resilience in four neighborhoods. Planning taking place right now is aimed at setting up opportunities for additional funding down the line. For example, the Cleveland Tree Plan developed in 2015 provides a roadmap for not only maintaining our existing canopy, but securing funds to grow the canopy over time. | (41.49932°, -81.6943605°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 807 | Prefeitura de Florianópolis | 50384 | Brazil | Florianópolis | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | Tourism in Florianópolis is dependent on its beaches and warmer weather may extend the period of the summer season, but need to improve the infrastructure for this increase in tourism. | (-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 808 | City of Helsinki | 8242 | Finland | Helsinki | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | City of Helsinki provides together with its partners tailored consultation to SMEs in environmental issues. The “Eco Compass” service offers consultation regarding e.g. how the companies can improve their competitive advantage through managing environmental issues well. | (60.1733244°, 24.9410248°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 809 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | MS4 stormwater fee is being utilized to make upgrades to stormwater infrastructure throughout the city and reduce the amount of impervious surface Smart energy standards and integration of stormwater management and energy efficiency into building codes Increased investment in buildings that are floodprone due to new floodplain management code and increased standards | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 810 | City of Vancouver | 20113 | Canada | Vancouver | C40 | 2016 | Other | Climate change may impact length of local growing seasons; also may provide more opportunities for urban agriculture. | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 811 | City of Edmonton | 43912 | Canada | Edmonton | 2016 | Additional funding options | The City is looking at alternative ways to get the energy efficiency message across through the use of bylaws, land use zoning, building approvals, education, and leading by example. Internally to city operations, it has been proposed that a value of $40 per tonne of Carbon dioxide equivalent be considered in the decision making process to evaluate emissions mitigation options. | (53.544389°, -113.4909267°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) | |
| 812 | City of Benicia | 49787 | USA | Benicia | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | Protecting businesses in the industrial park so that the area is prepared for future climate change impacts. Assessing specific risks and developing strategies to reduce those risks; recommendations in adaptation plan. Can help retain and attract new businesses interested in working in progressive cities that are planning for climate change. | (38.049365°, -122.1585777°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 813 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | In July 2012 Council awarded a tender to install solar photovoltaic panels to multiple sites that it owns including properties, sports fields, town halls, libraries, Council depots, and community centres. The project has passed the halfway mark, with around 2,706 panels installed across 23 sites so far and adds to six previous installations including the heritage listed Sydney Town Hall. When complete, this multi-million dollar installation is expected to produce almost two gWh (gigawatt hours) of clean renewable energy saving up to 2,074 tCO2-e annually. Installation of the remaining systems will take place over the next two and a half years. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 814 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Torino | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | Favouring the green-economy, foster the innovation development through university agreement and specific centre of excellence implementation (e.g. cleantech incubation stakeholder’s network) , application of clean technology for transportations. Participation to the Covenant of Mayors, Volountary intiative to reduce the CO2 emissions of 20% by 2020. Implementation of the TAPE – Turin Action Plan for Energy. | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 815 | City of San Francisco | 31182 | USA | San Francisco | C40 | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | CCSF has a Chief Innovation Officer in the Mayor’s Office whose task is to both attract technology and research companies to locate in San Francisco as well as promote the tools and technology innovations that will help the city become smarter, more competitive, and more adaptable, bringing the ensuing economic benefit to the city. | (37.7749295°, -122.4194155°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 816 | City of Columbus | 43910 | USA | Columbus | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | Central Ohio is designated by the state of Ohio as a technology job hub focused on energy manufacturing and storage. | (39.9611755°, -82.9987942°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 817 | Comune di Napoli | 36158 | Italy | Napoli | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | Developing a new way of managing buildings and mobility | (40.8419943°, 14.2513831°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 818 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | In addition to the projects noted above, the City of Sydney is working to improve the local area and its facilities. A number of landmark buildings and facilities in the local area are getting a face-lift, including Glebe Town Hall, libraries and community centres. The City wants to be better prepared for heavy rains and flooding. In response, Floodplain management plans are being put together for areas most at risk of flooding, which will look at the causes and extent of possible flooding and what can be done to help affected areas. Reducing the risk of future flooding means managing flood-prone areas properly with responsible development and drainage infrastructure. New parks, pools and open spaces are being created with clean technologies built in, including stormwater capture, LED lighting, solar panels and more. The new Prince Alfred Park Pool complex utilises the latest filtration systems, and incorporates the best in sustainable practices, including water-saving fixtures, stormwater harvesting and a green roof of native grasses to regulate temperature. | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 819 | Comune di Ferrara | 36286 | Italy | Ferrara | 2016 | Additional funding options | The implementation of the actions contained in the SEAP is a commitment that the Municipality of Ferrara among its priorities , right to work from the bottom to give an answer to the multiple ongoing crises : energy ( peak oil ) , environmental (climate change , pollution) and economic ( with the growth of inequality and unemployment). With the SEAP , which has a long-term period (2020) , we want to renovate and redevelop the city not only public buildings, but also private, stimulate sustainable mobility , renewable energy production , etc. . "We want to - says councilor Zadro - that our plan does not remain a dream book , but actually becomes a road map to follow to do our part in the fight against climate change. We need investment, new forms of contract , partnership, innovation , relations with the EIB , etc. . SIPRO , the Agency for the Development of the Territory, joined us in this team that wish to include even the private partners. It is a great opportunity for innovation and development for the area . | (44.8357395°, 11.6189949°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 820 | City of Turku | 50154 | Finland | Turku | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | For example the natural treatment of urban runoff will also decrease direct water pollution and improve the efficiency of waste water treatment. | (60.4518126°, 22.2666303°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 821 | City of Turku | 50154 | Finland | Turku | 2016 | Improved efficiency of operations | For example heating and street maintenance costs will probably decrease during winters. Regional co-operation in many functions of the municipalities (energy, land use planning etc) will increase competitiveness. | (60.4518126°, 22.2666303°) | (61.92411°, 25.748151°) | |
| 822 | City of Vancouver | 20113 | Canada | Vancouver | C40 | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | The GCAP comprises a comprehensive community sustainability plan that looks at areas such as Local Food, Access to Nature, Clean Water and Green Buildings and others. | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 823 | City of Detroit | 35862 | USA | Detroit | 2016 | Improved efficiency of operations | The city is not maximizing this opportunity at this time. More study is needed | (42.331427°, -83.0457538°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 824 | City of Atlanta | 1093 | USA | Atlanta | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | Vehicles generate more than one-third of emissions in Atlanta. The Atlanta BeltLine is the most comprehensive transportation and economic development effort ever undertaken in the City of Atlanta and among the largest, most wide-ranging urban re-development programs currently underway in the United States. The Atlanta BeltLine is a sustainable redevelopment project that will provide a network of public parks, multi-use trails and transit along a historic 22-mile railroad corridor circling downtown and connecting many neighborhoods directly to each other. In 2013, the City of Atlanta received $18million from the U.S. Department of Transportation for the development of a 2.5-mile portion of the Atlanta BeltLine in the southwest corridor (http://beltline.org/about/the-atlanta-beltline-project/atlanta-beltline-overview/ ). The building of the modern Atlanta Streetcar represents the first step in the dawning of a new era for transit – one that will begin to transform how we get around in our community. The section that opened for use in December 2014 represents phase one of a grand vision for the Atlanta Streetcar. In the coming years, additional lines are planned, and project developers intend to expand service to additional neighborhoods and other popular destinations around the city. Ultimately, the Atlanta Streetcar is destined to become part of a whole new system of local and regional transportation. Phase one offers last mile connectivity to the city center for MARTA, the Atlanta BeltLine and other transit options, and additional phases will expand that service even further. The Atlanta Streetcar makes access easier within the city, and it also functions as a metaphorical link between the city’s rich history with rail transportation and its evolution into a robust centerpiece of the New South and 21st century connectivity (http://streetcar.atlantaga.gov/about/). In March of 2015, Atlanta voters approve $250 million bond referendum for transportation and construction projects. The projects include the repair and upgrades to bridges, roads, sidewalks, bike lanes, and public buildings. | (33.7489954°, -84.3879824°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 825 | City of Vancouver | 20113 | Canada | Vancouver | C40 | 2016 | Other | The Vancouver Economic Commission has laid out a strategy for economic growth for the City which includes supporting the green economy and new businesses. | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 826 | City of Seattle | 16581 | USA | Seattle | C40 | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | The Seattle area is home to a $1 billion (in gross revenues) clean technology industry with over 300 companies. These firms employ over 8,000 people at an average wage $60,000, for a total of nearly $500 million in wages. There is a 64% greater concentration of clean technology, or “green”, jobs in the Seattle area than the U.S. average . Green Building Green Building Seattle has an established green building sector and is recognized as a national leader in green building. Green building practices have now become mainstream building techniques, supported by both public policy and private sector investment. Seattle has the highest concentration of architects and designers who are experts in sustainable design and possess LEED certification. Over 45 Seattle architectural firms are focused on sustainable design. In addition to job growth in the building design community, the increasing demand for energy efficient buildings has created growing employment opportunities in the construction and building maintenance industries. These jobs include the traditional building trades, energy auditing, and systems installation and maintenance to meet the increased demand for energy efficient appliances and building systems. Energy Efficiency Increased job opportunities in the energy efficiency sector are anticipated. The Seattle Community Power Works (CPW) program provides rebates, incentives, workforce training, and to deliver energy efficiency solutions to Seattle’s residential and business communities, while working to create economic growth. More than 164,700 hours of work have been performed on CPW energy upgrades by 959 workers, including 762 contractors and energy auditors. | (47.6062095°, -122.3320708°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 827 | City of Vancouver | 20113 | Canada | Vancouver | C40 | 2016 | Other | City has partnered with six post-secondary institutions to create the Campus City Collaborative (C3) program, where students across disciplines work on GCAP-related projects. | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 828 | City of Oslo | 14088 | Norway | Oslo | C40 | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | Development of blue green solutions. | (59.9138688°, 10.7522454°) | (60.472024°, 8.468946°) |
| 829 | City of Copenhagen | 31009 | Denmark | Copenhagen | C40 | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | The city is working on creating green jobs e.g. through increased investments intensive energy savings by retrofitting the excisting buildings in Copenhagen. The city works closely with private companies and universities, in the development of new solutions. This will support the already strong cleantech sector in the region. | (55.6760968°, 12.5683371°) | (56.26392°, 9.501785°) |
| 830 | City of Pittsburgh | 35877 | USA | Pittsburgh | 2016 | Increased energy security | The City of Pittsburgh has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Department of Energy to improve distributed district energy systems that will improve efficiency and resilience with microgrids and CHP systems and renewable energy | (40.4406248°, -79.9958864°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 831 | City of Oslo | 14088 | Norway | Oslo | C40 | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | The need for reduction of emissons from cars has lead to a sharp increse in building infrastructure for electric cars which benefits all the suppliers in this market. (charge infratructure, smart charge points, elecetric car manufacturers etc). | (59.9138688°, 10.7522454°) | (60.472024°, 8.468946°) |
| 832 | City of Las Vegas | 10495 | USA | Las Vegas | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | Energy efficiency has become a key strategy for both Las Vegas municipal facilities as well as commercial and residential buildings. Rising electric prices and environmental concerns have catalyzed interest in energy efficiency upgrades that provide attractive ROIs, create resilience to fluctuating energy prices, and ultimately protect the environment through reduced energy use/power plant development. | (36.1699412°, -115.1398296°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 833 | Comune di Torino | 35886 | Italy | Torino | 2016 | Additional funding options | Research and cooperation UE projects and national funding (e.g. Torino Smart City – smart building, smart governance, smart mobility) | (45.1006374°, 7.6680046°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 834 | Prefeitura de Sorocaba | 50383 | Brazil | Sorocaba | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | The production of wind energy in Brazil is growing, with the installation of parks and Northeast regions of the United South, where there is a higher incidence of winds. In the city, are installed two large companies producing equipment for wind energy. The company began operating in 1995 in Sorocaba. The geographical location, access to skilled professionals and a chain of suppliers in the region explain the choice of the municipality. | (-23.4774899°, -47.4220615°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 835 | Greater Manchester | 35898 | United Kingdom | Manchester | 2016 | Improved efficiency of operations | ENWORKS business support programme to assist SMEs in improving resource efficiency. Low Carbon Investment Programmes to deploy low carbon infrastructure. | (53.4575955°, -2.1578377°) | (55.378051°, -3.435973°) | |
| 836 | City of Stockholm | 3429 | Sweden | Stockholm | C40 | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | The city develops multi-functional green spaces to improve the local climate, increasing the buffering of storm water while improving social and ecological values. Stockholm has also been involved in a project called C/O City where ecosystem services have been mapped and charted in different areas on Stockholm, hopefully if budget allow this project will continue. | (59.3293235°, 18.0685808°) | (60.128161°, 18.643501°) |
| 837 | Roma Capitale | 31110 | Italy | Roma | C40 | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | (41.8723889°, 12.4801802°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 838 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | Integrating climate adaptation actions into citywide planning efforts Building public-private partnerships Working with NGO's to educate and make connections at the community level | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 839 | City of Johannesburg | 31115 | South Africa | Johannesburg | C40 | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | Mayor Tau has in recent years taken a keen interest on climate change issues. His commitment can now be demonstrated by signing of the Compact of Mayors, which has galvanised the city to show more interest in demonstrating action. | (-26.2041028°, 28.0473051°) | (-30.559482°, 22.937506°) |
| 840 | City of Chicago | 3203 | USA | Chicago | C40 | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | Through projects that include municipal building energy retrofits, public transportation system upgrades, and improvements in street lighting, the City of Chicago plans to use innovative investments in order to improve public resources and services across the city. In these efforts, the city resolves to provide energy savings and upgrades at no up-front cost in order to share the realized electricity and natural gas savings. | (41.8781136°, -87.6297982°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 841 | Jakarta City Government | 31166 | Indonesia | Jakarta | C40 | 2016 | Increased infrastructure investment | Jakarta prone to flooding. In addition, the intensity and frequency of floods are exacerbated by the climate change which affects rainfall patterns, wind systems and sea level rise due to the overall global warming. Flood experience and prediction show that in fact Jakarta will continue to undergo a high frequency of flooding once every 5 years. Already the floods of 2007 reached a height of 7 meters with losses estimated at 10 trillion rupiah. In the beginning of 2013, 90% of Jakarta was flooded and losses were estimated at 30 triliun rupiah due to traffic congestion, disease outbreaks, loss of lives and houses, and the decreasing capacity for tourism To anticipate the next flooding, Jakarta has to invest the climate infrastructure based on flooding master Plan, including job creation and low income housing for relocation the vulnerability people Private Company's involvement | (-6.2087634°, 106.845599°) | (-0.789275°, 113.921327°) |
| 842 | Roma Capitale | 31110 | Italy | Roma | C40 | 2016 | Improved efficiency of operations | (41.8723889°, 12.4801802°) | (41.87194°, 12.56738°) | |
| 843 | Cascais | 50680 | Portugal | Cascais | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | New businesses can be developed in order to adapt to climate change. In terms of tourism, it is necessary to adapt various products due to seasonal differences. Beach and golf are the main tourism activities, but nature tourism, for example, can have potential to be developed during the entire year. In fishery, due to new species that will appear, new type of businesses focused in those species should appear. The enterprises, which produce renewable systems, can growth in the next years due to mitigate measures that can be implement in the city. | (38.6970565°, -9.4222945°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 844 | Cascais | 50680 | Portugal | Cascais | 2016 | Additional funding options | The EU has been providing cities with funding to study and to engage in environmental actions. | (38.6970565°, -9.4222945°) | (39.399872°, -8.224454°) | |
| 845 | City of Baltimore | 35853 | USA | Baltimore | 2016 | Additional funding options | Street trees- plantings and placement Vacant lot reuse for stormwater management solutions Green Streets vegetation integration Green Schools | (39.2903848°, -76.6121893°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 846 | City of Copenhagen | 31009 | Denmark | Copenhagen | C40 | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | The development is maximized by working towards becoming independent of fossil fuels by using biomass, geothermal energy photovoltaics and wind instead. In relation to this a number of Public Private Partnerships for innovation are being created | (55.6760968°, 12.5683371°) | (56.26392°, 9.501785°) |
| 847 | City of Sydney | 31114 | Australia | Sydney | C40 | 2016 | Increased energy security | Local low and zero carbon energy generation is a key part of the City's goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70 per cent below 2006 levels by 2030 as outlined in our Decentralised Energy Master Plans for Trigeneration and Renewable Energy. We have begun the installation of a low carbon trigeneration plant that would produce clean local power, heating and cooling for Sydney Town Hall and the neighbouring Town Hall House where over 1,500 City employees work. Hundreds of lights, printers, computers, air conditioners and the City's electric vehicle fleet would be powered by the plant. Trigeneration is more than twice as efficient as coal-fired power stations that produce around 80% of Sydney's electricity – heat by-products created at coal-fired power stations are wasted but trigeneration captures and uses them for air-conditioning, heating and hot water services. More information is available at http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/vision/sustainable-sydney-2030/sustainability/carbon-reduction/trigeneration | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 848 | Prefeitura de Florianópolis | 50384 | Brazil | Florianópolis | 2016 | Increased attention to other environmental concerns | Florianópolis has 50% of its area preserved with conservation units and other protection measures, with only 30% area for urbanization | (-27.5949884°, -48.5481743°) | (-14.235004°, -51.92528°) | |
| 849 | City of Burlington | 2430 | USA | Burlington | 2016 | Development of new business industries (e.g. clean tech) | There are a number of solar companies operating in and around the Burlington area. Thanks to a number of state and federal incentives, tax credits, etc. it has become economical for Burlington residents to install solar panels on their roofs. Local solar installers / leasers have sprouted up in the past years, and national companies have expanded into Vermont as well. This allows some Burlington residents to generate a good portion of their own power, further decreasing the city's outsourced energy needs. | (44.4758825°, -73.212072°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 850 | Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | 31169 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | C40 | 2016 | Improved efficiency of operations | (a) The Buildings Energy Efficiency Funding Scheme has subsidised over 6400 buildings to conduct energy-cum-carbon audits and carry out energy efficiency improvement works. The estimated total electricity savings is 179 million kWh per annum, equivalent to125,000 tonnes CO2 reduction. (b) The Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance was brought into operation in 2012 requiring mandatory implementation of the Codes, which stipulate the energy efficiency standard for air-conditioning and electrical installations, etc. of new and existing buildings for major renovation. The Codes will be reviewed every three years. The new 2015 version requires a further 10% improvement in energy efficiency. We expect that up to 2025, energy savings from all new buildings in Hong Kong will be about 5 billion kWh, equivalent to 3.5 million tonnes CO2 reduction. (c) To achieve energy saving in buildings ventilation/cooling, the Government is providing a district cooling system to air conditioning service for the non-domestic area of the 1.7 million m2 in the Kai Tak Development Area at the heart of the city. It is estimated that the system will help reduce 60,000 tonnes of CO2 annually. (d) Fresh Water Cooling Tower Scheme is to promote the use of more energy efficient water-cooled air-conditioning systems. Up to end 2015, 2064 fresh water cooling towers have been put into operation. The estimated annual energy saving of the completed installations is 409 million kWh, equivalent to about 286 000 tonnes CO2 reduction/year. (e) The Government introduced Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme (MEELS) in 2008 under which energy labels are required to be shown on the 5 prescribed products to inform consumers of the products’ energy efficiency performance. It was implemented in phases since November 2009. The first two phases of the scheme have contributed to an annual saving of about 175 million kWh and about 122 500 tonnes CO2 reduction annually. The grading standards of room air conditioners, refrigerating appliances, and washing machines was tightened and took place in late 2015. It is estimated that the upgraded standards could bring annual electricity saving of about 300 million kWh and 210 000 tonnes CO2 reduction. | (22.2880809°, 114.1398015°) | (22.396428°, 114.109497°) |
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In 2016, 397 cities reported that climate change does present an economic opportunity and identified over 1,000 opportunities. 270 of these cities identified the development of new business industries, such as clean tech, as an opportunity.
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