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2017 Cities Water Risks

Row numberAccount NoOrganisationCityCountryRegionAccessC40Reporting yearRisks to city’s water supply​TimescaleMagnitudeRisk descriptionCurrent populationPopulation yearCity locationCountry location
50114344City of Park City, UTPark City, UTUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousLast winter saw very heavy snowfall. Instead of the normal 3 atmospheric rivers, last year we had 17. This, combined with a very quick transition to warm temperatures creates the conditions for severe flooding.78732012(40.6461°, -111.498°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
50235874City of PhoenixPhoenixUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousPhoenix, because of its desert environment, has had a long history of progressive water planning. Phoenix is well positioned to maintain an adequate water supply through approximately 2050. After that time, it is difficult to forecast at this time.15370582015(33.4484°, -112.074°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
50358511City of Richmond, CARichmond, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentExtremely seriousThe City’s current potable water supply is highly vulnerable to drought. During extended drought EBMUD’s regional water system may be inadequate to supply Richmond, and may suffer decline in quality. Drought will cause regional water demand likely to spike due to irrigation demand and increased evaporation losses. Secondary impact of elevated fire risk may increase water demand for fire suppression.1075712013(37.9358°, -122.3477°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
50459633City of Santa Cruz, CASanta Cruz, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termExtremely seriousCauses damage to infrastructure and residential homes.642202015(36.974117°, -122.030796°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
50535905Corporation of ChennaiChennaiIndiaSouth and West AsiaPublicC402017OtherShort-termSeriousDevelopment in vulnerable zones in the city.76000002016(13.099202°, 80.242513°)(20.5937°, 78.9629°)
50658511City of Richmond, CARichmond, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentExtremely seriousThe greatest potential impact of sea level rise on local water service will occur in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Sea level rise will increase salinity in the Delta leading to saline intrusion contaminating deep aquifers that provide current potable water and aquifers that provide emergency potable water. Secondly, during extended drought EBMUD’s regional water system may be inadequate to supply Richmond, and may suffer decline in quality.1075712013(37.9358°, -122.3477°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
50758511City of Richmond, CARichmond, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousNone of EBMUD’s reservoirs or treatment plants in Contra Costa County are at risk of flooding, however EBMUD relies on the Mokelumne Aqueducts that could be exposed to flooding as a result of Delta levee failure. Failure of the levees could result in damage to the Mokelumne Aqueducts and disruption of water supply in particular to the Western Region.1075712013(37.9358°, -122.3477°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
50858511City of Richmond, CARichmond, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termExtremely seriousDuring extended drought EBMUD’s regional water system may be inadequate to supply Richmond, andthe price of water would increase.1075712013(37.9358°, -122.3477°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
50943905City of San AntonioSan AntonioUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousCurrently have very diversified sources of water. However, increased extreme heat and drought may impact water security.14698452015(29.4241°, -98.4936°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51035883City of San JoséSan JoséUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousThe projected growth in population and jobs in the City has resulted in the Santa Clara Valley Water District forecasting that water demand will exceed supply by 2030 during normal years. In addition, other challenges are redefining what constitutes a normal year. Currently, these challenges include reduced precipitation and reductions in allocation of imported water due to pumping restrictions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Long term, these challenges include risks to the Delta that impact water supply and quality, rising capital costs to construct and repair infrastructure, mounting regulations, contract negotiations to preserve existing imported water allocations, ecological need to maintain flows for fish and other aquatic species, depletion of underground water supplies resulting in subsidence, and adverse impacts from global climate change. These challenges present the need for the City to set an ambitious goal for water conservation and increase its efforts to meet that goal10420942016(37.3382°, -121.8863°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51154119City of Palo AltoPalo AltoUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentGovernor is now speaking about "permanent" rather than short term "drought" accommodation. New regs will follow. Locally we are working to enable appropriate water recycling at various levels.664782017(37.4419°, -122.143°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51235863City of DurbanDurbanSouth AfricaAfricaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureMedium-termExtremely seriousAverage potential increase in the dams37000002016(-29.8586804°, 31.0218404°)(-30.559482°, 22.937506°)
51354085City of SavannahSavannahUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousClimate change and sea-level rise will alter hydrologic patterns, resulting in changes in salinity intrusion dynamics along coastal rivers where many utility intakes are located. The increase in the degree of saltwater intrusion along the Georgia and South Carolina coasts during the Southeast’s record-breaking drought from 1998 to 2002 illustrated how climate change and sea-level rise increase the threat to freshwater estuarine intakes, showing the need of utilities for reasonable estimates of future changes in the frequency, duration and magnitude of salinity intrusion near their water intakes.1456742015(32.0835°, -81.0998°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51435393City of St LouisSt LouisUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousThe city of St. Louis is challenged by having aging infrastructure, and is currently drafting plans to address this and implementing efforts in certain areas3192942010(38.627°, -90.1994°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51552894City of Winston-SalemWinston-SalemUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termLess seriousIncreased possibility of drought over the long term.2366422015(36.0999°, -80.2442°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51631177Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termExtremely seriousSnow pack is a significant water storage resource. As the form of precipitation changes from snow to rain, and lack of adequate storage capacity for rain water, we anticipate water supply to decline.1926722015(40.7608°, -111.891°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51731177Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousMore rain, less snow, aging drainage systems.1926722015(40.7608°, -111.891°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51831177Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousMore rain, less snow, aging drainage systems, may lead to flooding and impacted water quality. Storm water is not treated prior to entering streams, rivers, and eventually the Great Salt Lake.1926722015(40.7608°, -111.891°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
51959540City of Elgin, ILElgin, ILUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termLess seriousAs described previously the city derives 95+ percent of its water from the Fox River. The health of this water source is extremely important to Elgin and the two communities it provides drinking water to.1100002010(42.060386°, -88.26297°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
52056276New Taipei City GovernmentNew Taipei TaiwanEast AsiaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentLess seriousAccording to the “Climate Change in Taiwan: Scientific Report 2011”, in the future, the precipitations during summer and fall seasons are likely to increase while decreasing during spring and winter seasons in North Taiwan. The phenomenon may bring out adverse impact on water supply stability. Water scarcity will worsen public's life quality. However, according to the analysis result of “Regional water management project of Northern Taiwan”, it shows that the risk of water supply is low.39706442016(25.0111°, 121.4458°)(23.69781°, 120.960515°)
52154395Taoyuan City GovernmentTaoyuanTaiwanEast AsiaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousIncreasing population and industries in the city, along with agriculture irrigation in the spring and the limited storage capacity of reservoir result in high opportunity for spring drought in the future.21535212017(24.993113°, 121.301028°)(23.6978°, 120.9605°)
52260656City of Piedmont, CAPiedmont, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousCalifornia has been experiencing historic levels of drought and while 2015/2016 was an El Nino year that helped alleviate some of the previous years of dryness, it looks like water shortage will be very common throughout the coming years.110822013(37.8244°, -122.2316°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
52349359City of HarareHarareZimbabweAfricaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousOld water pipes burst resulting in water loss24244202017(-17.828432°, 30.932822°)(-19.015438°, 29.154857°)
52443914City of CharlotteCharlotteUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousTwo million people, including residents of Charlotte, depend on the Catawba-Wateree River Basin for safe, drinking water. Studies have indicated that as the population continues to grow in the area, and changes occur in the local environment, the Basin's capacity will not be able to support new water users in the long term. This would negatively impact the region's ability to grow the economy and population.8099582014(35.2271°, -80.8431°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
52543914City of CharlotteCharlotteUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousTwo million people, including residents of Charlotte, depend on the Catawba-Wateree River Basin for safe, drinking water. Studies have indicated that as the population continues to grow in the area, and changes occur in the local environment, the Basin's capacity will not be able to support new water users in the long term. This would negatively impact the region's ability to grow the economy and population.8099582014(35.2271°, -80.8431°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
52643907City of IndianapolisIndianapolisUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousDue to an older downtown within the City, there are combined sewer overflows (CSO) that drain into the rivers running through the City. A substantial portion of the drinking water is pulled from rivers and surface waters, meaning increased storm events will increase the chance of contamination. As the utility shifts to more groundwater sources, it will further stress the increasingly limited resource.8530002015(39.767625°, -86.178469°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
52759540City of Elgin, ILElgin, ILUSANorth AmericaPublic2017RegulatoryShort-termLess serious1100002010(42.060386°, -88.26297°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
52835877City of PittsburghPittsburghUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousIf we do not fix the infrastructure flaws in our water supply system and we lose the Pittsburgh pool, the City only has a two day supply of water, but half of potable water is lost through old pipes3057042016(40.4406248°, -79.9958864°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
52935877City of PittsburghPittsburghUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousPittsburgh's geography and impervious surfaces have caused fatal flash floods. River flooding is controlled by the aging lock and dam system, and a failure to an upstream lock and dam would flood downtown.3057042016(40.4406248°, -79.9958864°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
53035274City of Portland, MEPortland, MEUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousThe city's water distribution system is aging and capital expenditures for improvements can be challenging.666662014(43.6615°, -70.2553°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
53154389Taichung City GovernmentTaichungTaiwanEast AsiaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentLess seriousSevere weather could bring seasonal drought impacts on water supply.27500002016(24.161859°, 120.646967°)(23.6978°, 120.9605°)
53253921City of Tempe, AZTempe, AZUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentExtremely seriousAs a desert city, water scarcity is already an issue for Tempe. An increase in temperature as well as an increase in population has put extreme water stress on the region.1758262015(33.42551°, -111.940005°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
53331154Bogotá Distrito CapitalBogotá ColombiaLatin AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousThere could be a risk on the resource availability for the population in comparison with the current supply. A risk assessment is performed based on the threat analysis (40%) and vulnerability assessment (60%). The impact may be in the short, medium and long term.79800012016(4.711°, -74.0721°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
53431154Bogotá Distrito CapitalBogotá ColombiaLatin AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousOccurrence of power failures impacts directly on supply as well as treatment. The risk varies for each process component: Collection, adduction, treatment, storage and distribution. A risk assessment is performed based on the threat analysis (40%) and vulnerability assessment (60%). The impact can be in the short, medium and long term.79800012016(4.711°, -74.0721°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
53554128City of RenoRenoUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousPotential impacts to the region’s water supply and quality from climate variability include: • Surface water supplies from Truckee River and tributaries are reduced in capacity; small watershed streams may disappear • Groundwater supplies decline as the result of increased pumping; associated decreases in local ground water table and impacts to domestic wells • Emergency expansion of groundwater supplies to include non-compliant sources; increase in treatment costs and potential damage to water supply infrastructure • Reduced municipal blending capacity during prolonged drought periods • Local water table declines will negatively influence wetlands and soil moisture • Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) issues at waste water reclamation facilities may occur • Flood events will contaminate surface and ground water supplies • Erosion and increase in deposits from runoffs in rivers/tributaries  Lake Tahoe clarity concerns with increased erosion and deposits from runoffs • Decreased snowpack will result in a shorter and less intense spring runoff • Increased night time temperatures will increase exterior watering to maintain landscaping and agriculture2369952014(39.5296°, -119.8138°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
53658310City of RoanokeRoanokeUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousAlthough Roanoke is at the head of the water984652013(37.271°, -79.9414°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
53758310City of RoanokeRoanokeUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentExtremely seriousThe Army Corp of Engineers worked with the city to greatly improve capacity of the Roanoke River. Roanoke is highly susceptible to flooding due to its geographic location of the base of a range of mountains. The floodplains are addressed by purchasing endangered properties or flood proofing those that still remain.984652013(37.271°, -79.9414°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
53858310City of RoanokeRoanokeUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousNorthern Virginia is experiencing a significant drain on the ground water supply. It is anticipated that Virginia will be issuing stronger regulations on water consumption.984652013(37.271°, -79.9414°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
53949335Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson CountyNashville and Davidson USANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentLess seriousIncreasing development and impervious surfaces6788892015(36.1627°, -86.7816°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
54063607Alcaldía de CórdobaCórdoba, VenezuelaVenezuelaLatin AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousDISMINUCION DE VOLUMENES EN CAPTACIONES353742011(7.5447°, -72.2837°)(6.42375°, -66.58973°)
54154100City of Columbia, MOColumbia, MOUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousThe current supply is adequate for present needs. The City’s primary water supply source is an aquifer located in the McBaine Bottoms near the Missouri River. Based on a test conducted in September 2015, all 15 wells in operation produced about 27 million gallons per day (MGD), which is in excess of the City’s historical highest demand of 24 MGD. Three new wells to be built in the fall of 2016 will increase the raw water supply to the plant to 32 MGD. Future demands will require in excess of 32 MGD, potentially up to 45 MGD. To meet future demands, we will need to increase the water supply1190982017(38.951705°, -92.334072°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
54259537City of Denton, TXDenton, TXUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousAccording to TWDB’s 2016 Region C Water Plan – The projected demands for Denton more than triple between 2020 and 2067. Denton’s current sources of water supply include Ray Roberts Lake, Lewisville Lake, and direct and indirect reuse. Denton also has a contract to purchase raw water from Dallas Water Utilities (DWU). Denton’s available supply in Ray Roberts Lake and Lewisville Lake is the city’s share of the firm yield of the reservoirs. The yield of each reservoir decreases over time due to sedimentation. Denton’s need in 2070 is over 74,000 acre-feet per year. The proposed future strategies for Denton are to implement water conservation measures, expand water treatment plant capacity, and purchase additional water from DWU.1310442015(33.214841°, -97.133068°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
54331166Jakarta City GovernmentJakarta IndonesiaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Declining water qualityCurrentExtremely seriousPollution caused by industrial and household activities101559022017(-6.1751°, 106.865°)(-0.7893°, -113.9213°)
54435913City of NairobiNairobiKenyaAfricaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentExtremely seriousThe current reticulation infrastructure is very old and as a result contributes to huge water losses due to leakages.45000002017(-1.292066°, 36.821946°)(-0.023559°, 37.906193°)
54553959City of Fayetteville, ARFayetteville, ARUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousThe Northwest Arkansas region is fortunate to have a stable water source from Beaver Lake which is controlled by the Army Corp of Engineers. The Beaver Water District supplies the region with potable water from this source. In the long-term the region has a stable water source, however there are short term risks to this water source. Flooding events bring sediment load into the lake which makes water treatment more costly during these times. Significant and prolonged drought would also bring a level of risk if the lake level dropped to the point that the intake valve would need to be positioned at a greater depth.828302016(36.082156°, -94.171854°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
54659631City of San Leandro, CASan Leandro, CAUSANorth AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termLess seriousWater infrastructure is in aging, poor condition within the city and in the conveyance infrastructure from the Moklumne watershed. Per the EBMUD report, Strategy for Protecting the Molumne Aquaduct, there are risks in the Sacramento Delta area that include pipeline failure from subsidence or flooding884412015(37.72493°, -122.156077°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
54742178Distrito Metropolitano de QuitoQuitoEcuadorLatin AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termLess seriousEven though water supply in Quito is not particularly vulnerable to climate change, if we considered the assumptions made and land use change, the Climatic Vulnerability Analysis for priority sectors (2014) determines that clean water supply in the MDQ by 2050 could be affected by a 10% of the total coverage.22391912010(-0.2333°, -78.5167°)(-1.831239°, -78.183406°)
54831180Región Metropolitana de SantiagoSantiagoChileLatin AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousThe underground aquifers are drying up, especially in the northwest sector of the region, and generally having supply problems particularly in the area outside the concession of the main urban sector of the region (outside of Great Santiago).65279032012(-33.44889°, -70.669265°)(-35.675147°, -71.542969°)
54931180Región Metropolitana de SantiagoSantiagoChileLatin AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousThe chilean water system regulation is based on water rights, which are purchased according to market laws (supply and demand). But now that the aquifers do not have as much water as they should have, according to the original "market", this system is not functional anymore, and water resources are getting more scarce.65279032012(-33.44889°, -70.669265°)(-35.675147°, -71.542969°)
55031180Región Metropolitana de SantiagoSantiagoChileLatin AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousBecause of its sensitivity, Maipo basin could suffer serious changes in the availability and quality of water due to projected increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation. It is likely to affect not only the existing user base, but is likely to have serious consequences for a region that anticipates high population growth in coming decades.65279032012(-33.44889°, -70.669265°)(-35.675147°, -71.542969°)

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created Aug 24 2017

updated Oct 4 2018

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CDP’s new infographic report ‘Who’s tackling urban water challenges’, produced in partnership with AECOM, the global infrastructure firm, and funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, shows the first and most comprehensive dataset of global water action by cities and companies produced to date. Using information gathered from 569 cities and 1,432 companies, each reporting their water management activity, it illustrates how global cities and companies are responding to the escalating challenge of climate change and urban population growth.
The cities most concerned about their water supply lie in Asia and Oceania (84%); with serious risks also identified in Africa (80%) and Latin America (75%). 63% of North American cities deem climate change a risk to water supply, with fewer cities concerned in Europe (34%). 196 cities reported risks of water stress and scarcity; 132 a risk of declining water quality and 103 a risk of flooding.
Explore how cities and companies are acting on water, the CDP infographic report ‘Who’s in charge of Water Governance’, with case studies and full data is available at www.cdp.net/cities.

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