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2017 Cities Water Risks
| Row number | Account No | Organisation | City | Country | Region | Access | C40 | Reporting year | Risks to city’s water supply | Timescale | Magnitude | Risk description | Current population | Population year | City location | Country location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 651 | 31185 | City of Warsaw | Warsaw | Poland | Europe | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Short-term | Serious | 1629037 | 2016 | (52.2296756°, 21.0122287°) | (51.919438°, 19.145136°) | |
| 652 | 31185 | City of Warsaw | Warsaw | Poland | Europe | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Short-term | Serious | 1629037 | 2016 | (52.2296756°, 21.0122287°) | (51.919438°, 19.145136°) | |
| 653 | 54337 | Greater Amman Municipality | Amman | Jordan | South and West Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Short-term | Extremely serious | Amman's population is rapidly increasing, particularly due the influx of refugees from surrounding countries. Jordan is already one of the most water-deprived countries in the world and this increasing population is producing stress on the already limited water supplies. | 3705490 | 2016 | (31.945367°, 35.928372°) | (30.585164°, 36.238414°) |
| 654 | 1184 | City of Austin | Austin | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Higher water prices | Short-term | Serious | Higher water prices due to higher demand and constrained supply | 912791 | 2016 | (30.2672°, -97.7431°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 655 | 1184 | City of Austin | Austin | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Current | Extremely serious | Our primary source of drinking water comes from the Highland Lakes system, which in 2015 was near its lowest levels due to the worst drought on record. | 912791 | 2016 | (30.2672°, -97.7431°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 656 | 1184 | City of Austin | Austin | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Current | Serious | Central Texas is a flash flood alley and always at risk for urban flooding, which destroys homes and risks lives | 912791 | 2016 | (30.2672°, -97.7431°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 657 | 31181 | City of Philadelphia | Philadelphia | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Long-term | Less serious | 1555072 | 2015 | (39.952335°, -75.163789°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) | |
| 658 | 14874 | City of Portland, OR | Portland, OR | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Medium-term | Less serious | Water Bureau has an extensive Asset Management program that is designed to effectively manage the risks associated with aging infrastructure. | 619360 | 2014 | (45.52°, -122.6819°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 659 | 14874 | City of Portland, OR | Portland, OR | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Medium-term | Less serious | Portland has a secondary, redundant, groundwater drinking water source, which means a complete back-up is system in place in the event that flooding or other natural disaster impacts the primary supply system. | 619360 | 2014 | (45.52°, -122.6819°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 660 | 31114 | City of Sydney | Sydney | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Current | Less serious | A decrease in annual precipitation leading to drought conditions could result in reduced water availability for gardens and open space areas, resulting in reduced scenic/social amenity and limited recreation and respite areas. | 210931 | 2016 | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 661 | 14874 | City of Portland, OR | Portland, OR | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Higher water prices | Long-term | Less serious | Through the Water Bureau’s Asset Management program, Portland seeks to ensure the most cost effective management of the water supply infrastructure, therefore keeping water rates as low as possible. Because Portland does not expect to experience water shortages or severe water stress due to climate change, we do no foresee rate increases for that reason. | 619360 | 2014 | (45.52°, -122.6819°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 662 | 14874 | City of Portland, OR | Portland, OR | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Regulatory | Long-term | Less serious | Some regulatory requirements related to water quality treatment may come into play in the future; however they are not related to climate change. | 619360 | 2014 | (45.52°, -122.6819°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 663 | 20113 | City of Vancouver | Vancouver | Canada | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Medium-term | Extremely serious | Vancouver is a coastal city. Current estimates of sea-level rise are 1 metre by 2100 and 2 metres by 2200 | 631486 | 2016 | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 664 | 20113 | City of Vancouver | Vancouver | Canada | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Medium-term | Serious | Reduced snowpack in winter could reduce storage in reservoirs, exacerbated by longer, hotter summers | 631486 | 2016 | (49.261226°, -123.1139268°) | (56.130366°, -106.346771°) |
| 665 | 31090 | District of Columbia | Washington, DC | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Long-term | Serious | As reported in the 2015 State of the Region Infrastructure Report, while many of the region’s drinking water and wastewater systems have made significant investments in upgrades and expansions, large segments of water and wastewater pipes in the ground are 50 - 80 years old. DC Water averages 400 to 500 water main breaks a year, which are exacerbated by cold weather. Accordingly, DC Water has an extensive, multi-billion dollar capital improvement program to update its aging infrastructure including replacing or repairing water mains and replacing valves and hydrants that will increase its resiliency. Rising temperatures and severe weather events can lead to flooding, extended power losses at the local water treatment facility and strain facility equipment. Additionally, severe weather events can threaten equipment operability or inhibit personnel from obtaining access to the system. | 681170 | 2016 | (38.9071923°, -77.0368707°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 666 | 31090 | District of Columbia | Washington, DC | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Current | Serious | The District's Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment reports that the District’s stormwater collection system may be exposed to more extreme and frequent flooding due to the predicted increase in heavy precipitation events, as well as inundation from sea level rise and storm surge. As a result, storm sewers that are at or above capacity may experience more frequent and intense interior flooding. Additionally, the stormwater and combined sewer outfalls that discharge to the Potomac and Anacostia rivers are at low elevations compared to mean sea level. As a result, they will also be susceptible to flooding from sea level rise and storm surge “backing up” through the piped infrastructure which could cause additional flooding in low lying areas. | 681170 | 2016 | (38.9071923°, -77.0368707°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 667 | 31090 | District of Columbia | Washington, DC | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Medium-term | Serious | The 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Report states that rising temperatures as well as fluctuating weather patterns can increase evapotranspiration rates, cause short term droughts, reduce snow accumulation and cause earlier snowmelts. This can reduce water supplies and create low-flow periods during the summer months, when demand is often highest. | 681170 | 2016 | (38.9071923°, -77.0368707°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 668 | 31090 | District of Columbia | Washington, DC | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Declining water quality | Medium-term | Less serious | The 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Report indicates that rising temperatures and increased precipitation intensity can lead to reduced oxygen levels from algae blooms. Additionally, urbanization has increased storm water runoff and the level of non-point source pollutants from sediment, chemicals, debris and nutrient contaminants. This can increase the treatments needs at local water treatment facilities. | 681170 | 2016 | (38.9071923°, -77.0368707°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 669 | 31090 | District of Columbia | Washington, DC | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Water losses | Long-term | Serious | While the District’s drinking water supply is draw upstream of tidal influence, the 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Report reports that stream flow and sea level rise could affect salinity levels in tidal rivers in the greater Chesapeake Bay watershed. . This could be exacerbated during low flow periods in the summer months if droughts occur with greater severity or frequency. | 681170 | 2016 | (38.9071923°, -77.0368707°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 670 | 31174 | Moscow Government | Moscow | Russia | Europe | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Less serious | Risk of release of hazardous polluting substances, leading to failure of technological modes of sewerage networks and sewage treatment plants. | 12330126 | 2016 | (55.755826°, 37.6173°) | (61.52401°, 105.318756°) | |
| 671 | 31150 | Bangkok Metropolitan Administration | Bangkok | Thailand | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Current | Serious | Several areas in Thailand experience drought every year. Between November and May, the average temperature begins to steadily increase during April reaching 40-43 degrees Celsius causing the natural convection to slow down and with combination of little rainfall. This results in drought in outer areas of Bangkok including Khan Na Yao district and Huay Kwang district (BMA, 2013). | 5696409 | 2015 | (13.787506°, 100.710632°) | (15.870032°, 100.992541°) |
| 672 | 69835 | Municipalidad de Yala | Yala | Argentina | Latin America | Public | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Short-term | Serious | por crecidas de rios que son fuente de agua potable, se ve afectado el suministro a la poblacion | 4811 | 2011 | 43 130026 , (41.112632°, -112.051773°) | (-38.416097°, -63.616672°) | |
| 673 | 31114 | City of Sydney | Sydney | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Current | Serious | The city has the oldest water supply and sewerage infrastructure in Australia. | 210931 | 2016 | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 674 | 31114 | City of Sydney | Sydney | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Current | Serious | An increase in intense rainfall has the potential to cause flash flooding from overflow of stormwater drainage creating hazardous conditions for the community. | 210931 | 2016 | (-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 675 | 31113 | City of Yokohama | Yokohama | Japan | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Long-term | Serious | 3731096 | 2017 | (35.4437078°, 139.6380256°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 676 | 31113 | City of Yokohama | Yokohama | Japan | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Declining water quality | Long-term | Serious | 3731096 | 2017 | (35.4437078°, 139.6380256°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 677 | 31113 | City of Yokohama | Yokohama | Japan | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Long-term | Serious | 3731096 | 2017 | (35.4437078°, 139.6380256°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 678 | 31111 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | Tokyo | Japan | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Short-term | Serious | 13646764 | 2017 | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 679 | 31111 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | Tokyo | Japan | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Declining water quality | Short-term | Serious | 13646764 | 2017 | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 680 | 31111 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | Tokyo | Japan | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Short-term | Serious | 13646764 | 2017 | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 681 | 31111 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government | Tokyo | Japan | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Short-term | Serious | 13646764 | 2017 | (35.6896342°, 139.6921007°) | (36.204824°, 138.252924°) | |
| 682 | 43932 | Auckland Council | Auckland | New Zealand | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Medium-term | Serious | Auckland faces unprecedented pressures from population growth, which coupled with increased frequency and severity of severe weather events will put significant pressure on water supply and quality within the region. | 1614400 | 2016 | (-36.815328°, 174.741788°) | (-40.900557°, 174.885971°) |
| 683 | 43932 | Auckland Council | Auckland | New Zealand | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Current | Serious | As detailed in the Risks and Adaptation section, flooding is a major risk to the region, whether surface, groundwater or coastal. An unprecedented series of storm events in Auckland in March and April 2017 caused significant slips in the water catchments, bringing the turbidity of water in most water supply dams to 100 to 8,000 times their normal levels. This affected Auckland’s water supply significantly and for the first time in 23 years, Aucklanders were asked to reduce their water consumption. The crisis is now over and has been managed without mandatory restrictions or damage to the infrastructure, thanks to the overwhelming positive community response to the water savings campaign. At Watercare, this is triggering work on system resilience and climate change strategy. The national climate and weather experts have called these storm events “off the chart”, well beyond the 1 in 100 year storm events the stormwater systems have been designed for. | 1614400 | 2016 | (-36.815328°, 174.741788°) | (-40.900557°, 174.885971°) |
| 684 | 43932 | Auckland Council | Auckland | New Zealand | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Medium-term | Serious | Although current water supply, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is currently adequate, recent events have highlighted that increased severity and frequency of downpours in the region will put pressure on infrastructure and result in some failures. | 1614400 | 2016 | (-36.815328°, 174.741788°) | (-40.900557°, 174.885971°) |
| 685 | 31187 | Seoul Metropolitan Government | Seoul | South Korea | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Long-term | Serious | The increasingly unequal distribution of precipitation leads to more frequent draughts in dry seasons and severe floods during the summer season, making the water management more difficult. | 10204000 | 2016 | (37.566535°, 126.9779692°) | (35.907757°, 127.766922°) |
| 686 | 35873 | Municipality of Medellín | Medellín | Colombia | Latin America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Short-term | Serious | Los fenómenos climáticos, como el niño y la niña, han mostrado un incremento en su severidad con el paso del tiempo. Para el caso de la accesibilidad al recurso agua, esto implica que en temporada de sequía, la disponibilidad del recurso sera cada vez menor, reconociendo como agravante la dependencia de la ciudad a fuentes externas de agua, ya que los grandes reservorios que surten la mayor porción de la población de medellin, se encuentran en diferentes municipios, ubicados en las partyes mas altas de las cuencas, tales como la cuenca de río grande y el páramo de belmira. es por esto que a medida que se presentan | 2508452 | 2017 | (6.22729°, -75.573519°) | (4.570868°, -74.297333°) |
| 687 | 31174 | Moscow Government | Moscow | Russia | Europe | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Less serious | Risk of accidents on sewerage networks, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants in connection with wear and insufficient volume of measures for their renovation, as well as in connection with failure of external power supply. | 12330126 | 2016 | (55.755826°, 37.6173°) | (61.52401°, 105.318756°) | |
| 688 | 31174 | Moscow Government | Moscow | Russia | Europe | Public | C40 | 2017 | Declining water quality | Less serious | Risk of accidental pollution of water sources, existing due to anthropogenic pressures, leading in particular to volley deterioration of water quality, primarily on organoleptic and microbiological indicators, the content of organic substances and petroleum products. Mass cottages development in water-collecting area and discharge of untreated waste water lead to gradual degradation of the small rivers, deterioration of self-purification capacities of water bodies, algal blooms. Deterioration of water supply systems also affects the quality of the supplied water to consumers. | 12330126 | 2016 | (55.755826°, 37.6173°) | (61.52401°, 105.318756°) | |
| 689 | 10894 | City of Los Angeles | Los Angeles | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Current | Extremely serious | Historic drought; although drought recently ended the City anticipates future droughts | 4030904 | 2016 | (34.0522342°, -118.2436849°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 690 | 31182 | City of San Francisco | San Francisco | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Short-term | Serious | Climate change is projected to affect water supply in San Francisco through two primary avenues: hydrology (including timing and distribution of precipitation, evapotranspiration from soils, plants and water surfaces, streamflow, and groundwater recharge) and sea-level rise. Climate warming may result in a shift in timing and amount of water supply and also in changes in quality of that supply San Francisco depends on water supplied through systems of aqueducts from the Sierra Nevada mountain range, so it is sensitive to how climate change affects snowfall, snowmelt, and runoff changes in that region. | 864816 | 2016 | (37.7749295°, -122.4194155°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 691 | 16581 | City of Seattle | Seattle | USA | North America | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Long-term | Serious | SPU evaluated low cost operational or structural adaptation options that could be pursued to mitigate the reductions in supply from climate change. If these options were implemented, supply would be fully restored to historic levels and would exceed the projected demand. | 662400 | 2015 | (47.6062°, -122.3321°) | (37.09024°, -95.712891°) |
| 692 | 31109 | City of Melbourne | Melbourne | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Medium-term | Serious | Flood risk exists in a number of low lying areas of Melbourne. Sea level rise, increased storm events and riverine flooding are all factors. | 136336 | 2015 | (-37.814107°, 144.96328°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 693 | 31109 | City of Melbourne | Melbourne | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Short-term | Serious | On-going maintenance and upgrade of infrastructure is essential to managing flood risk and ensuring adequate water supply | 136336 | 2015 | (-37.814107°, 144.96328°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 694 | 31109 | City of Melbourne | Melbourne | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Long-term | Serious | While a new desalination plant in Melbourne will ensure short term supply as population grows and rainfall decreases, this risk is expected to grow | 136336 | 2015 | (-37.814107°, 144.96328°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) |
| 695 | 31109 | City of Melbourne | Melbourne | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Higher water prices | Serious | Water prices are already increasing due to infrastructure upgrades | 136336 | 2015 | (-37.814107°, 144.96328°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) | |
| 696 | 31109 | City of Melbourne | Melbourne | Australia | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Regulatory | Water is needed to support various green spaces in the city, and water quality in Melbourne's rivers needs to be enhanced and maintained | 136336 | 2015 | (-37.814107°, 144.96328°) | (-25.274398°, 133.775136°) | ||
| 697 | 51075 | City of Shenzhen | Shenzhen | China | East Asia | Public | C40 | 2017 | Flooding | Long-term | Serious | 13000000 | 2016 | (22.917478°, 113.813461°) | (35.86166°, 104.195397°) | |
| 698 | 31164 | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnam | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Increased water stress or scarcity | Short-term | Serious | Although there is more intense rainfall in rainy season, there are also more severe drought and hotter days in dry season. Another possible risk for water stress is excessive water demand in hot weather. | 8244400 | 2015 | (10.762622°, 106.660172°) | (14.058324°, 108.277199°) |
| 699 | 31164 | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnam | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Inadequate or aging infrastructure | Current | Serious | Aging infrastructure may lead to water leakage and be vulnerable to physical damages. | 8244400 | 2015 | (10.762622°, 106.660172°) | (14.058324°, 108.277199°) |
| 700 | 31164 | Ho Chi Minh City | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnam | South Asia and Oceania | Public | C40 | 2017 | Higher water prices | Short-term | Less serious | The needs of retrofitting infrastructure system will lead to higher water prices. | 8244400 | 2015 | (10.762622°, 106.660172°) | (14.058324°, 108.277199°) |
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CDP’s new infographic report ‘Who’s tackling urban water challenges’, produced in partnership with AECOM, the global infrastructure firm, and funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, shows the first and most comprehensive dataset of global water action by cities and companies produced to date. Using information gathered from 569 cities and 1,432 companies, each reporting their water management activity, it illustrates how global cities and companies are responding to the escalating challenge of climate change and urban population growth.
The cities most concerned about their water supply lie in Asia and Oceania (84%); with serious risks also identified in Africa (80%) and Latin America (75%). 63% of North American cities deem climate change a risk to water supply, with fewer cities concerned in Europe (34%). 196 cities reported risks of water stress and scarcity; 132 a risk of declining water quality and 103 a risk of flooding.
Explore how cities and companies are acting on water, the CDP infographic report ‘Who’s in charge of Water Governance’, with case studies and full data is available at www.cdp.net/cities.
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