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2017 Cities Water Risks

Row numberAccount NoOrganisationCityCountryRegionAccessC40Reporting yearRisks to city’s water supply​TimescaleMagnitudeRisk descriptionCurrent populationPopulation yearCity locationCountry location
65131185City of WarsawWarsawPolandEuropePublicC402017FloodingShort-termSerious16290372016(52.2296756°, 21.0122287°)(51.919438°, 19.145136°)
65231185City of WarsawWarsawPolandEuropePublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSerious16290372016(52.2296756°, 21.0122287°)(51.919438°, 19.145136°)
65354337Greater Amman MunicipalityAmman JordanSouth and West AsiaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termExtremely seriousAmman's population is rapidly increasing, particularly due the influx of refugees from surrounding countries. Jordan is already one of the most water-deprived countries in the world and this increasing population is producing stress on the already limited water supplies.37054902016(31.945367°, 35.928372°)(30.585164°, 36.238414°)
6541184City of AustinAustinUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Higher water pricesShort-termSeriousHigher water prices due to higher demand and constrained supply9127912016(30.2672°, -97.7431°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
6551184City of AustinAustinUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentExtremely seriousOur primary source of drinking water comes from the Highland Lakes system, which in 2015 was near its lowest levels due to the worst drought on record.9127912016(30.2672°, -97.7431°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
6561184City of AustinAustinUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017FloodingCurrentSeriousCentral Texas is a flash flood alley and always at risk for urban flooding, which destroys homes and risks lives9127912016(30.2672°, -97.7431°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
65731181City of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termLess serious15550722015(39.952335°, -75.163789°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
65814874City of Portland, ORPortland, ORUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureMedium-termLess seriousWater Bureau has an extensive Asset Management program that is designed to effectively manage the risks associated with aging infrastructure.6193602014(45.52°, -122.6819°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
65914874City of Portland, ORPortland, ORUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017FloodingMedium-termLess seriousPortland has a secondary, redundant, groundwater drinking water source, which means a complete back-up is system in place in the event that flooding or other natural disaster impacts the primary supply system.6193602014(45.52°, -122.6819°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
66031114City of SydneySydneyAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentLess seriousA decrease in annual precipitation leading to drought conditions could result in reduced water availability for gardens and open space areas, resulting in reduced scenic/social amenity and limited recreation and respite areas.2109312016(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
66114874City of Portland, ORPortland, ORUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Higher water pricesLong-termLess seriousThrough the Water Bureau’s Asset Management program, Portland seeks to ensure the most cost effective management of the water supply infrastructure, therefore keeping water rates as low as possible. Because Portland does not expect to experience water shortages or severe water stress due to climate change, we do no foresee rate increases for that reason.6193602014(45.52°, -122.6819°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
66214874City of Portland, ORPortland, ORUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017RegulatoryLong-termLess seriousSome regulatory requirements related to water quality treatment may come into play in the future; however they are not related to climate change.6193602014(45.52°, -122.6819°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
66320113City of VancouverVancouverCanadaNorth AmericaPublicC402017FloodingMedium-termExtremely seriousVancouver is a coastal city. Current estimates of sea-level rise are 1 metre by 2100 and 2 metres by 22006314862016(49.261226°, -123.1139268°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
66420113City of VancouverVancouverCanadaNorth AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousReduced snowpack in winter could reduce storage in reservoirs, exacerbated by longer, hotter summers6314862016(49.261226°, -123.1139268°)(56.130366°, -106.346771°)
66531090District of ColumbiaWashington, DCUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureLong-termSeriousAs reported in the 2015 State of the Region Infrastructure Report, while many of the region’s drinking water and wastewater systems have made significant investments in upgrades and expansions, large segments of water and wastewater pipes in the ground are 50 - 80 years old. DC Water averages 400 to 500 water main breaks a year, which are exacerbated by cold weather. Accordingly, DC Water has an extensive, multi-billion dollar capital improvement program to update its aging infrastructure including replacing or repairing water mains and replacing valves and hydrants that will increase its resiliency. Rising temperatures and severe weather events can lead to flooding, extended power losses at the local water treatment facility and strain facility equipment. Additionally, severe weather events can threaten equipment operability or inhibit personnel from obtaining access to the system.6811702016(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
66631090District of ColumbiaWashington, DCUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureCurrentSeriousThe District's Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment reports that the District’s stormwater collection system may be exposed to more extreme and frequent flooding due to the predicted increase in heavy precipitation events, as well as inundation from sea level rise and storm surge. As a result, storm sewers that are at or above capacity may experience more frequent and intense interior flooding. Additionally, the stormwater and combined sewer outfalls that discharge to the Potomac and Anacostia rivers are at low elevations compared to mean sea level. As a result, they will also be susceptible to flooding from sea level rise and storm surge “backing up” through the piped infrastructure which could cause additional flooding in low lying areas.6811702016(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
66731090District of ColumbiaWashington, DCUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousThe 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Report states that rising temperatures as well as fluctuating weather patterns can increase evapotranspiration rates, cause short term droughts, reduce snow accumulation and cause earlier snowmelts. This can reduce water supplies and create low-flow periods during the summer months, when demand is often highest.6811702016(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
66831090District of ColumbiaWashington, DCUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Declining water qualityMedium-termLess seriousThe 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Report indicates that rising temperatures and increased precipitation intensity can lead to reduced oxygen levels from algae blooms. Additionally, urbanization has increased storm water runoff and the level of non-point source pollutants from sediment, chemicals, debris and nutrient contaminants. This can increase the treatments needs at local water treatment facilities.6811702016(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
66931090District of ColumbiaWashington, DCUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Water lossesLong-termSeriousWhile the District’s drinking water supply is draw upstream of tidal influence, the 2010 Washington Metropolitan Area Water Supply Report reports that stream flow and sea level rise could affect salinity levels in tidal rivers in the greater Chesapeake Bay watershed. . This could be exacerbated during low flow periods in the summer months if droughts occur with greater severity or frequency.6811702016(38.9071923°, -77.0368707°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
67031174Moscow GovernmentMoscow RussiaEuropePublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureLess seriousRisk of release of hazardous polluting substances, leading to failure of technological modes of sewerage networks and sewage treatment plants.123301262016(55.755826°, 37.6173°)(61.52401°, 105.318756°)
67131150Bangkok Metropolitan AdministrationBangkok ThailandSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentSeriousSeveral areas in Thailand experience drought every year. Between November and May, the average temperature begins to steadily increase during April reaching 40-43 degrees Celsius causing the natural convection to slow down and with combination of little rainfall. This results in drought in outer areas of Bangkok including Khan Na Yao district and Huay Kwang district (BMA, 2013).56964092015(13.787506°, 100.710632°)(15.870032°, 100.992541°)
67269835Municipalidad de YalaYalaArgentinaLatin AmericaPublic2017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriouspor crecidas de rios que son fuente de agua potable, se ve afectado el suministro a la poblacion4811201143 130026
,
(41.112632°, -112.051773°)
(-38.416097°, -63.616672°)
67331114City of SydneySydneyAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureCurrentSeriousThe city has the oldest water supply and sewerage infrastructure in Australia.2109312016(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
67431114City of SydneySydneyAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017FloodingCurrentSeriousAn increase in intense rainfall has the potential to cause flash flooding from overflow of stormwater drainage creating hazardous conditions for the community.2109312016(-33.8674869°, 151.2069902°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
67531113City of YokohamaYokohamaJapanEast AsiaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSerious37310962017(35.4437078°, 139.6380256°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
67631113City of YokohamaYokohamaJapanEast AsiaPublicC402017Declining water qualityLong-termSerious37310962017(35.4437078°, 139.6380256°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
67731113City of YokohamaYokohamaJapanEast AsiaPublicC402017FloodingLong-termSerious37310962017(35.4437078°, 139.6380256°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
67831111Tokyo Metropolitan GovernmentTokyoJapanEast AsiaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSerious136467642017(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
67931111Tokyo Metropolitan GovernmentTokyoJapanEast AsiaPublicC402017Declining water qualityShort-termSerious136467642017(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
68031111Tokyo Metropolitan GovernmentTokyoJapanEast AsiaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureShort-termSerious136467642017(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
68131111Tokyo Metropolitan GovernmentTokyoJapanEast AsiaPublicC402017FloodingShort-termSerious136467642017(35.6896342°, 139.6921007°)(36.204824°, 138.252924°)
68243932Auckland CouncilAuckland New ZealandSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityMedium-termSeriousAuckland faces unprecedented pressures from population growth, which coupled with increased frequency and severity of severe weather events will put significant pressure on water supply and quality within the region.16144002016(-36.815328°, 174.741788°)(-40.900557°, 174.885971°)
68343932Auckland CouncilAuckland New ZealandSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017FloodingCurrentSeriousAs detailed in the Risks and Adaptation section, flooding is a major risk to the region, whether surface, groundwater or coastal. An unprecedented series of storm events in Auckland in March and April 2017 caused significant slips in the water catchments, bringing the turbidity of water in most water supply dams to 100 to 8,000 times their normal levels. This affected Auckland’s water supply significantly and for the first time in 23 years, Aucklanders were asked to reduce their water consumption. The crisis is now over and has been managed without mandatory restrictions or damage to the infrastructure, thanks to the overwhelming positive community response to the water savings campaign. At Watercare, this is triggering work on system resilience and climate change strategy. The national climate and weather experts have called these storm events “off the chart”, well beyond the 1 in 100 year storm events the stormwater systems have been designed for.16144002016(-36.815328°, 174.741788°)(-40.900557°, 174.885971°)
68443932Auckland CouncilAuckland New ZealandSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureMedium-termSeriousAlthough current water supply, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is currently adequate, recent events have highlighted that increased severity and frequency of downpours in the region will put pressure on infrastructure and result in some failures.16144002016(-36.815328°, 174.741788°)(-40.900557°, 174.885971°)
68531187Seoul Metropolitan GovernmentSeoul South KoreaEast AsiaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousThe increasingly unequal distribution of precipitation leads to more frequent draughts in dry seasons and severe floods during the summer season, making the water management more difficult.102040002016(37.566535°, 126.9779692°)(35.907757°, 127.766922°)
68635873Municipality of MedellínMedellínColombiaLatin AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousLos fenómenos climáticos, como el niño y la niña, han mostrado un incremento en su severidad con el paso del tiempo. Para el caso de la accesibilidad al recurso agua, esto implica que en temporada de sequía, la disponibilidad del recurso sera cada vez menor, reconociendo como agravante la dependencia de la ciudad a fuentes externas de agua, ya que los grandes reservorios que surten la mayor porción de la población de medellin, se encuentran en diferentes municipios, ubicados en las partyes mas altas de las cuencas, tales como la cuenca de río grande y el páramo de belmira. es por esto que a medida que se presentan25084522017(6.22729°, -75.573519°)(4.570868°, -74.297333°)
68731174Moscow GovernmentMoscow RussiaEuropePublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureLess seriousRisk of accidents on sewerage networks, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants in connection with wear and insufficient volume of measures for their renovation, as well as in connection with failure of external power supply.123301262016(55.755826°, 37.6173°)(61.52401°, 105.318756°)
68831174Moscow GovernmentMoscow RussiaEuropePublicC402017Declining water qualityLess seriousRisk of accidental pollution of water sources, existing due to anthropogenic pressures, leading in particular to volley deterioration of water quality, primarily on organoleptic and microbiological indicators, the content of organic substances and petroleum products. Mass cottages development in water-collecting area and discharge of untreated waste water lead to gradual degradation of the small rivers, deterioration of self-purification capacities of water bodies, algal blooms. Deterioration of water supply systems also affects the quality of the supplied water to consumers.123301262016(55.755826°, 37.6173°)(61.52401°, 105.318756°)
68910894City of Los AngelesLos AngelesUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityCurrentExtremely seriousHistoric drought; although drought recently ended the City anticipates future droughts40309042016(34.0522342°, -118.2436849°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
69031182City of San FranciscoSan FranciscoUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousClimate change is projected to affect water supply in San Francisco through two primary avenues: hydrology (including timing and distribution of precipitation, evapotranspiration from soils, plants and water surfaces, streamflow, and groundwater recharge) and sea-level rise. Climate warming may result in a shift in timing and amount of water supply and also in changes in quality of that supply San Francisco depends on water supplied through systems of aqueducts from the Sierra Nevada mountain range, so it is sensitive to how climate change affects snowfall, snowmelt, and runoff changes in that region.8648162016(37.7749295°, -122.4194155°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
69116581City of SeattleSeattleUSANorth AmericaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousSPU evaluated low cost operational or structural adaptation options that could be pursued to mitigate the reductions in supply from climate change. If these options were implemented, supply would be fully restored to historic levels and would exceed the projected demand.6624002015(47.6062°, -122.3321°)(37.09024°, -95.712891°)
69231109City of MelbourneMelbourneAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017FloodingMedium-termSeriousFlood risk exists in a number of low lying areas of Melbourne. Sea level rise, increased storm events and riverine flooding are all factors.1363362015(-37.814107°, 144.96328°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
69331109City of MelbourneMelbourneAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureShort-termSeriousOn-going maintenance and upgrade of infrastructure is essential to managing flood risk and ensuring adequate water supply1363362015(-37.814107°, 144.96328°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
69431109City of MelbourneMelbourneAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityLong-termSeriousWhile a new desalination plant in Melbourne will ensure short term supply as population grows and rainfall decreases, this risk is expected to grow1363362015(-37.814107°, 144.96328°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
69531109City of MelbourneMelbourneAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Higher water pricesSeriousWater prices are already increasing due to infrastructure upgrades1363362015(-37.814107°, 144.96328°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
69631109City of MelbourneMelbourneAustraliaSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017RegulatoryWater is needed to support various green spaces in the city, and water quality in Melbourne's rivers needs to be enhanced and maintained1363362015(-37.814107°, 144.96328°)(-25.274398°, 133.775136°)
69751075City of ShenzhenShenzhenChinaEast AsiaPublicC402017FloodingLong-termSerious130000002016(22.917478°, 113.813461°)(35.86166°, 104.195397°)
69831164Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi MinhVietnamSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Increased water stress or scarcityShort-termSeriousAlthough there is more intense rainfall in rainy season, there are also more severe drought and hotter days in dry season. Another possible risk for water stress is excessive water demand in hot weather.82444002015(10.762622°, 106.660172°)(14.058324°, 108.277199°)
69931164Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi MinhVietnamSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Inadequate or aging infrastructureCurrentSeriousAging infrastructure may lead to water leakage and be vulnerable to physical damages.82444002015(10.762622°, 106.660172°)(14.058324°, 108.277199°)
70031164Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi MinhVietnamSouth Asia and OceaniaPublicC402017Higher water pricesShort-termLess seriousThe needs of retrofitting infrastructure system will lead to higher water prices.82444002015(10.762622°, 106.660172°)(14.058324°, 108.277199°)

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created Aug 24 2017

updated Oct 4 2018

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CDP’s new infographic report ‘Who’s tackling urban water challenges’, produced in partnership with AECOM, the global infrastructure firm, and funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, shows the first and most comprehensive dataset of global water action by cities and companies produced to date. Using information gathered from 569 cities and 1,432 companies, each reporting their water management activity, it illustrates how global cities and companies are responding to the escalating challenge of climate change and urban population growth.
The cities most concerned about their water supply lie in Asia and Oceania (84%); with serious risks also identified in Africa (80%) and Latin America (75%). 63% of North American cities deem climate change a risk to water supply, with fewer cities concerned in Europe (34%). 196 cities reported risks of water stress and scarcity; 132 a risk of declining water quality and 103 a risk of flooding.
Explore how cities and companies are acting on water, the CDP infographic report ‘Who’s in charge of Water Governance’, with case studies and full data is available at www.cdp.net/cities.

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