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2020 Cities Q2.2 - Budgetary Capacity as a Barrier to Adaptation
| Row number | Questionnaire Name | Account Number | Account Name | Country | CDP Region | ParentSection | Section | RowNumber | RowName | Factors that affect ability to adapt | Indicate if this factor either supports or challenges the ability to adapt | Level of degree to which factor challenges/supports the adaptive capacity of your city | Please describe how the factor supports or challenges the adaptive capacity of your city |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cities 2020 | 1499 | Ajuntament de Barcelona | Spain | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 10 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | |||
| 2 | Cities 2020 | 1850 | Birmingham City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Recent budget cuts to local authorities have had a negative impact on the availability of funds to be allocated for various projects. Covid crisis have put more strain on the already stretched funds available to local authorities. | |
| 3 | Cities 2020 | 2185 | Bristol City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Reliance on financial support from national government, especially when it comes to major projects, hampers the city's ability to autonomously improve its adaptive capacity. The City Leap project is an example of how the city is moving towards other funding streams and this could also be employed in the future for adaptation. | |
| 4 | Cities 2020 | 13067 | City of New Orleans | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | The financial impacts brought around by the pandemic have damaged the City's budget, resulting in furloughs and pay cuts for critical staff working on climate-related issues, as well as significant budget reductions for the departments themselves and their operating budgets. | |
| 5 | Cities 2020 | 13506 | Nottingham City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Within the UK context, only addressing flood risk management is a statutory duty, other than considering climate change in some aspects of planning. This therefore restricts the level of funding that can be directed towards broader work on adaptation and resilience against the backdrop of austerity and now COVID-19 impacts upon public funds. It is harder to commercialise or generate business cases with near term savings or income for adaptation and resilience in the same way mitigation actions can. | |
| 6 | Cities 2020 | 17411 | Southend on Sea Borough Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | We are continuously looking for funding for new 'climate positive' projects. This is difficult though as they are limited and the LA itself does not have the funds for large scale programmes in order to assist Southend's adaptation to climate change. This is particularly problematic due to the financial impact of Covid-19, which will impact council budgets for the foreseeable future.Currently the Council has been reliant on grants, mainly from the EU, to deliver climate adaptation work. This approach to climate adaptation is not sustainable (especially in light of Brexit) and the Council are actively looking at alternative funding mechanisms to finance its climate investment programmes (e.g. private debt and equity, green bonds, green loans, policy performance bonds). | |
| 7 | Cities 2020 | 19233 | Município de Torres Vedras | Portugal | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Dificuldades financeiras para a concretização e implementação de medidas de adaptação às alterações climáticas. | |
| 8 | Cities 2020 | 31056 | Edinburgh City Council | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 10 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Public funding has been much reduced over recent years, against a backdrop of increasing demands on finance resulting from an ageing population, other socio-economic factors, and more recently responding to the Covid pandemic, This has led to pressure on Council budgets, including those supporting adaptation. | |
| 9 | Cities 2020 | 31108 | City of Houston | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Budgetary capacity becomes problematic when the importance of adapting the city to climate change is not prioritized.. For three consecutive years the City of Houston has faced budget cuts, approximately $80 million each year, due to the revenue cap, hurricane recovery spending, and COVID-19-related impacts. The budget shortfall that the city has faced has made it difficult to undertake projects requiring capital, even if these projects would improve efficiency and save the city money in the long run. In some cases, lack of budgetary capacity directly prevents the city and region from undertaking necessary adaptation measures. Refineries around the Houston Ship Channel and Galveston Bay produce 40% of the nation's petroleum and half of the country's jet fuel. Storm surges and flooding in this region pose two grave risks: 1) Serious environmental contamination, and 2) huge shortages of petroleum products. As a result of Hurricane Ike in 2008, 500,000 gallons of crude oil were spilled causing $29 billion in damages. A group of universities and partners have led the planning for the "Ike Dike," a defensive barrier designed to protect this key area. The project would extend an existing sea wall, construct a 17 ft revetment near the beach and add flood gates. Gates and barriers would likely be modelled after those at use in the Netherlands' Delta Works project. The project is estimated to cost $15 billion and has been stalled due to lack of funding. This project is necessary to protect public health and national security as a hurricane wiping out oil production ability in the region could cause fuel shortages and greatly impair transportation in the United States. | |
| 10 | Cities 2020 | 31110 | Roma Capitale | Italy | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | |||
| 11 | Cities 2020 | 31156 | Municipality of Curitiba | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Falta de recursos para ações como manutenção periódica das infraestruturas | |
| 12 | Cities 2020 | 31167 | City of Lagos | Nigeria | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | There is limited budgetary allocation for climate adaptation in the State during the budget planning process. The ratio of budget to various sectors such as waste management is low. Mitigation actions. are carried out in the State but with little or now knowledge on the carbon removal potential of the project from inception | |
| 13 | Cities 2020 | 31172 | Mexico City | Mexico | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | La falta de entrada continua de presupuesto puede comprometer el desarrollo de programas y proyectos destinados a reducir la vulnerabilidad. | |
| 14 | Cities 2020 | 31174 | Moscow Government | Russian Federation | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Many measures to adapt urban systems to climate change require high financial costs, which is why they are not implemented quickly enough. | |
| 15 | Cities 2020 | 31175 | City of Paris | France | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Budgets are not necessarily directed towards climate objectives. However, steps are taken to assess the share of the budget meeting the mitigation and adaptation objectives (green budgeting). | |
| 16 | Cities 2020 | 31176 | Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 6 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | In a developing country city, that still has several pressing issues related to poverty and inequality, budget can be a constraint for climate related actions. It is important to always integrate social co benefits in any adaptation or mitigation actions that will help its prioritization in terms of budget planning. | |
| 17 | Cities 2020 | 31180 | Región Metropolitana de Santiago | Chile | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | The bigger the budget the better climate actions could be taken | ||
| 18 | Cities 2020 | 31186 | Changwon City | Republic of Korea | East Asia | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Factors that are challenges described above will require budget increase. | ||
| 19 | Cities 2020 | 35268 | City of Boston | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | High costs involved in taking action. | ||
| 20 | Cities 2020 | 35274 | City of Portland, ME | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Large infrastructure projects will prove challenging to fund. The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant revenue shortfalls in the city budget that constrain resources for some time. | |
| 21 | Cities 2020 | 35449 | Stadt Zürich | Switzerland | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Not enough budget / financial means for alle necessary measures. | |
| 22 | Cities 2020 | 35857 | City of Cincinnati | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Several initiatives that could be gamechangers for Cincinnati's ability to adapt to climate change require significant investment, such as regional public transportation enhancement which would require several million dollars in order to enact meaningful change. change. A positive support on this front comes from the passing of alocal transit levy, Issue 7, which establishes a 0.8% countywide taxthat will channel an estimated $100 million annually towardsCincinnati’s public bus system and the future launch of a busrapid transit system. | |
| 23 | Cities 2020 | 35858 | City of Cape Town | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Ability to implement adaptation options - especially high cost options related to water security and coastal protection - is significantly dependent on budget availability. In a developing city context this is a significant challenge. The City has a small revenue stream (based on property rates and service tariffs) compared to the number of people that the City serves. | |
| 24 | Cities 2020 | 35859 | City of Cleveland | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Constraints on the City's General Fund, stemming from Cleveland having a large low-income population. | |
| 25 | Cities 2020 | 35863 | eThekwini Municipality | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | limited resources are prioritised for service delivery | |
| 26 | Cities 2020 | 35867 | Region Metropolitana de Guadalajara | Mexico | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | La falta de un presupuesto transversal ante el cambio climático a nivel metropolitano, y la designación de recurso para la realización de acciones ante el cambio climático desde el sector público y privado, representan un desafío para la atención de este tema, ya que no se visualiza por completo el valor y la importancia de realizar acciones preventivas para evitar un mayor costo en las acciones reactivas que ocasionarán los impactos. | ||
| 27 | Cities 2020 | 35877 | City of Pittsburgh | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | As a City still coming back from population loss we're faced with maintaining a city built to be twice its size with half of the tax revenue. That compounded with unanticipated Shocks hinders our ability to rapidly change as strains are put on our budget. | ||
| 28 | Cities 2020 | 35893 | City of Dar es Salaam | United Republic of Tanzania | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | The finance incapability somewhat limited the implementation of projects aimed at addressing climate change. At the same time the City is making an effort to find stakeholders who can finance some projects, there are projects that use own source but its implementation has been limited as it has been implemented in phases because it depends on own source that lead to incomplete projects in time and result in not having positive results. | |
| 29 | Cities 2020 | 36043 | Abuja Federal Capital Territory | Nigeria | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | There is limited or no budgetary allocation for climate adaptation and mitigation | |
| 30 | Cities 2020 | 36152 | Tallinn City Council | Estonia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | ||
| 31 | Cities 2020 | 36158 | Comune di Napoli | Italy | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | The City is facing a severe economic crisis. | ||
| 32 | Cities 2020 | 36223 | Antananarivo | Madagascar | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 3 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | manque de ressource financière | ||
| 33 | Cities 2020 | 36274 | Comune di Bologna | Italy | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | |||
| 34 | Cities 2020 | 36285 | Comune di Firenze | Italy | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | ||
| 35 | Cities 2020 | 36426 | Riga City | Latvia | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | The following Sustainable Development Strategy of Riga until 2030 implementation principles enhance Riga City`s ability to adapt to climate change:Principle 1: Involvement of society and implementation of joint creation – diverse involvement of society and ensuring of participation is an integral feature of the activity of Riga municipality. The municipality takes a step further in the development of the public space by comprehending, explaining, and using joint creation as one of the most influential renewal tools.Principle 2: Observation of the identity of localities – when deciding on different issues, especially in relation to the urban environment, peculiarities of each locality and the opinion and needs of the local community are taken into account.Principle 3: Broad cooperation – the municipality of the city of Riga implements not only regular cooperation with society, but also actively collaborates with municipalities that form part of the agglomeration, other municipalities, Riga Planning Region, national power and administration organization.Principle 4: Effective use of resources and deliberative municipal property policy – decisions of the municipality`s investment project implementation should rely on a broad study of needs and solutions and detailed technical and economic justification; functionally and economically effective solutions should be chosen. Coordination of investment project implementation should be ensured with the help of development planning documents. | |
| 36 | Cities 2020 | 42178 | Distrito Metropolitano de Quito | Ecuador | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 8 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Las barreras financieras son un desafío para la capacidad de adaptación. Todavía no se incluye la mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático dentro de la planificación presupuestaria de la ciudad. Todavía se consideran como proyectos aislados con poco presupuesto. | |
| 37 | Cities 2020 | 42384 | Göteborgs Stad | Sweden | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | One of the major challenges is who will pay and how we will be able to charge for all the necessary investments that are needed. | |
| 38 | Cities 2020 | 43908 | City of Milwaukee | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Most climate actions undertaken by the city need to be funded by outside sources such as grants due to restrictive budget conditions | |
| 39 | Cities 2020 | 43912 | City of Edmonton | Canada | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Budgetary constraints and competition for limited resources will be an ongoing challenge for delivery of climate adaptation projects. This has become even more challenging given COVID recovery efforts. | ||
| 40 | Cities 2020 | 43914 | City of Charlotte | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Somewhat challenges | Covid 19 has affected tax income. | |
| 41 | Cities 2020 | 43917 | Sofia Municipality | Bulgaria | Europe | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 7 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | As with any major city, Sofia's budget is earmarked for particular activities. Increased investment in climate adaptation measures is conditional on adequate political will and recognition of the issue of adaptation as one that affects problems that are already existing for the municipality. | ||
| 42 | Cities 2020 | 43937 | Wellington City Council | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Oceania | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | Wellington City Council does not have the budgetary capacity to climate-proof Wellington city to cope with the impacts of climate change. Ensuring funding from Central Government is critical to ensuring Wellington will be able to adequately adapt to the coming impacts. | |
| 43 | Cities 2020 | 44210 | Yeosu Metropolitan Government | Republic of Korea | East Asia | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 9 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | ||
| 44 | Cities 2020 | 49327 | City of Providence | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Facing a potential bankruptcy due to unfunded pension liabilities, the City must meet a growing list of capital improvement needs on a limited budget. The Department of Public Works has requested roadway repair, maintenance, and reconstruction, bridge and dam repair, complete streets work, striping, traffic calming, bike and pedestrian amenities, sewer and storm water management system maintenance, repair, and reconstruction, and green infrastructure implementations for fiscal years 2018-2022. Repair and replacement of the City's sidewalks is vastly underfunded. Providence's pensions system is currently underfunded, and falls short of the City's needs by about $1 billion. The City's fiscal crisis has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting shortage of state and federal aid. Beginning May 31, 2020 and likely through the end of the year, the City has partially furloughed City employees across teams.http://www.providenceri.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Capital-Improvement-Plan-2018-2022.pdfhttps://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/city-leaders-providence-pension-payments-a-recipe-for-disaster/1126048843 | |
| 45 | Cities 2020 | 49330 | Kansas City | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | KCMO is 319 sq miles with a tax base of around half a million people. This means large, disproportionate infrastructure costs. | |
| 46 | Cities 2020 | 49335 | Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 4 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | Ongoing budget constraints further contribute to prioritize and direct funding towards climate change initiatives. | |
| 47 | Cities 2020 | 49339 | City and County of Honolulu | United States of America | North America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 5 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | As with many cities, as the baby boomer generation retires, our significant pension and healthcare liabilities will put pressure on budgets. Garnering the political will to fund necessary investments to address long-term impacts will be a growing challenge, particularly as credit agencies begin to factor climate risk into bond ratings. While we have not experienced funding issues yet, all else equal, additional necessary investments in adaptation and mitigation will increase investment needs and put pressure on borrowing capacity. Credit rating agencies are beginning to warn about the increased costs of climate change for cities and the potential negative consequences on interest rates and funding costs. | ||
| 48 | Cities 2020 | 49360 | City of Tshwane | South Africa | Africa | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 2 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | In the same way as climate change adaptation is not mainstreamed in City processes, insufficient budget is allocated to the function. | |
| 49 | Cities 2020 | 49389 | Kyoto | Japan | East Asia | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 1 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Significantly challenges | 昨今の財政事情等を考えると,集中豪雨による河川氾濫や内水氾濫,土砂災害を防ぐためのハード整備が今後の気候変動のスピードに追い付かない恐れがあり,被害の防止が難しくなる懸念がある。 | |
| 50 | Cities 2020 | 50361 | Ayuntamiento de Hermosillo | Mexico | Latin America | Climate Hazards and Vulnerability | Climate Hazards | 8 | Budgetary capacity | Challenges | Moderately challenges | The recent transition of local and federal government limited the management of capital resources in the first months of work. The situation improves as the transition is consummated. |
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Description
This dataset contains public responses to the 2020 Cities Questionnaire for cities that cited 'budgetary capacity' as a barrier to adaptation in question 2.2 - 'Please identify and describe the factors that most greatly affect your city’s ability to adapt to climate change and indicate how those factors either support or challenge this ability.'
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